Literature Review是文献综述一、为何要写文献综述？大学阶段，老师会要求你写文献综述以表明你对一个学科领域某个话题的理解程度。因此撰写的时候应当注重对文献信息的整合和分析，并在文字中体现如下的一些要点：1、针对所选话题，描述已有文献都做出了什么样的成果2、对一些关键的概念和理论进行概述和梳理3、辨别各篇文献之间的联系和采用的研究方法4、找出已有研究的优点和缺点5、找出已有研究的空缺点6、找出已有研究的矛盾点或争议点7、为你的论文提供一个可靠的研究背景和扎实的研究基础二、具体如何去写文献综述呢？1、确定研究目的2、撰写文献综述的过程中要明确解决什么问题。针对自己的论文，你需要通过文献综述做些什么解释？你希望通过梳理文献去发现些什么？当然，你也需要时常查阅你的作业要求和评分细则以帮助自己更快更准确地找到任务的重点。3、广泛阅读文献。对于已有选题的情况下，你需要根据选题，阅读相关领域的文献，了解研究的历史脉络，发展进程，已有的研究方法，研究过程，得出的结论等；对于没有确定选题的情况，你首先需要尽可能小地确定一个角度，阅读相关文献，明确一个选题。4、应该参考什么样的文献。你不能盲目地参考网络上发布的所有文章，而是应该首先选择合适的文章来源：比如一些学术性的数据库或学者的个人主页等，这些资源最好是与你的研究领域高度相关的、流行的和有权威性的。这些来源可以是：书籍、期刊论文、报告、政府文件、会议材料、网站等。通常来说，图书馆是最好的查找参考文献的地方。5、应该参考文献数量。文献综述中需要涉及的文献数量取决于你文献综述所针对的问题以及你所做的研究工作的深度。对于本科一年级的同学来说可能需要至少5篇，而随着学业阶段的上升文献数量有所增加，如果要形成一派理论，需要至少50篇。通常你的老师会对数量做具体的要求。6、记录下参考文献的目录信息。对于你所使用的文献来源或是具体的文献，你应该在一开始就养成记录下目录信息的习惯，这些目录信息包括：数据库的名字、链接、文献的题目、作者、页码、出版商等，你的学业生涯长达几年或更多，你的学业任务也不止一次两次，因此这些记录从长期来看将为你节约下可观的时间和精力。7、如何阅读每一篇文献。带着批判性的眼光去阅读每一篇文献，重点关注文献中涉及的争论而不仅仅是一些事实性的描述。从阅读第一篇开始，就应该做好笔记，并且构思你的综述内容和观点。最好使用图表、矩阵或概念地图去归纳比较各篇文献之间的区别与联系。8、如何分析你所阅读的文献。为了使你的论文体现出强有力的批评性分析，你应该去评估你所参考的文献及文献来源，在你评估每一篇文献时，你应该思考一些问题：针对选题主流的说法和概念都有哪些，文献与你所要做的论文或研究的相关度，各文献之间主要的联系、学术趋势和手段都有什么，文献中作者是如何提出争议和解决争议的，这篇文献的权威性和可靠性如何，各篇文献之间的相同点和差异点，已有的研究还存在哪些空白需要探索等三、文献综述每一部分的结构。首先你应该提出你的论点句，这非常关键，这些论点陈述将告诉阅读者你想研究的具体问题以及你将探讨的相关争论。虽然可能只是论文一些段落、章节，但也需要有相应的引言、主体和结论部分。1、引言。这部分应该提供一个大纲性的内容，它包括：为什么写这篇综述和为什么你的研究有重要意义，研究范围有哪些和哪些研究视角会被讨论，哪些重要的引用会被应用到（如文献库类型、数据的时间区间等），以及综述内容的逻辑框架是什么。2、主体。每一个主体段应该讨论一个不同的但与你选题相关的主题。你的每一段应该概述你所参考的文献，而且应该清晰地写明各篇文献之间的关联性。同时你还应该进行辩证地分析各参考文献对你的选题的研究作出的贡献。3、主体段的内容可以包括：研究选题的历史背景，相关研究所采用的研究方法和手段，概述前人对你这个选题所进行过的探索，主流观点与其他观点的对比，相关文献提出的关键性问题，相关研究得出的一般性的结论4、结论。结论部分应该根据以上部分的内容，概述几点：已有文献所认同的和不认同的观点和结论；当前对你选题所研究的问题中还存在什么研究上的空缺点以及还需要进一步研究的地方；你自己在这个选题中所要进行的研究视角。
This guide is the first of three looking at the purpose and process of conducting a literature It includes advice on:Why write a literature review?New discoveries don't materialise out of nowhere; they build upon the findings of previous experiments and A literature review shows how the investigation you are conducting fits with what has gone before and puts it into A literature review demonstrates to your reader that you are able to: • Understand and critically analyse the background research • Select and source the information that is necessary to develop a context for your researchIt also:• Shows how your investigation relates to previous research • Reveals the contribution that your investigation makes to this field (fills a gap， or builds on existing research， for instance) • Provides evidence that may help explain your findings laterIf you are doing a thesis， dissertation， or a long report it is likely that you will need to include a literature If you are doing a lab write-up or a shorter report， some background reading may be required to give context to your work， but this is usually included as an analysis in the introduction and discussion What is a literature review?A literature review is a select analysis of existing research which is relevant to your topic， showing how it relates to your It explains and justifies how your investigation may help answer some of the questions or gaps in this area of A literature review is not a straightforward summary of everything you have read on the topic and it is not a chronological description of what was discovered in your A longer literature review may have headings to help group the relevant research into themes or This gives a focus to your analysis， as you can group similar studies together and compare and contrast their approaches， any weaknesses or strengths in their methods， and their One common way to approach a literature review is to start out broad and then become more • First briefly explain the broad issues related to your investigation; you don't need to write much about this， just demonstrate that you are aware of the breadth of your • Then narrow your focus to deal with the studies that overlap with your • Finally， hone in on any research which is directly related to your specific Proportionally you spend most time discussing those studies which have most direct relevance to your How do I get started?Start by identifying what you will need to know to inform your research: • What research has already been done on this topic? • What are the sub-areas of the topic you need to explore? • What other research (perhaps not directly on the topic) might be relevant to your investigation? • How do these sub-topics and other research overlap with your investigation? Note down all your initial thoughts on the You can use a spidergram or list to help you identify the areas you want to investigate It is important to do this before you start reading so that you don't waste time on unfocussed and irrelevant Searching for sourcesIt's easy to think that the best way to search for texts is to use the Internet - to 'Google it' There are useful online tools that you may use， like Google S However， for most literature reviews you will need to focus on academically authoritative texts like academic books， journals， research reports， government Searching Google will give you thousands of hits， few of them authoritative， and you will waste time sorting through A better idea is to use These are available through the Library in paper and electronic (usually online) Use journal articles: They normally have the most up-to-date research and you will be expected to refer to them in your literature You may find review articles that survey developments in your These are very useful for identifying relevant sources - but do go back to the original texts and develop your own critical analysis if Another good way to find sources is to look at the reference lists in articles or books already identified as relevant to your You will be expected to prioritise recent research， but it's also important to acknowledge the standard texts in your An easy way to identify these is to check reference lists to see which texts are frequently
你现在是要写literature review吧。老师布置的，还是要写。一楼那个直接进入正题了，不叫literature Literature review的意思就是你要看看别人已经在你的话题上作了那些研究。人家的论点和你的论点不一定要相同（最好有正有反-你要看看人家写出那些东西了，一来你更了解你的话题，二来可以把话题的范围缩小一点，太广了不容易写全），而且也要致力达到你做的东西不要和别人已经研究出来的东西大同小异。现在这阶段不用写你自己的论点想法，主要写人家已经有了什么想法。一般，Introduction几句话，写写你review了什么方面的资料，中心主题（你想问的问题）是什么。中间写你对资料的总结和想法，一般可以以时间规划（如先写1800年代的，后写1900年代的），以论点规划等等。结尾写你现在有什么体会，在看了这些资料之后，你觉得你自己的话题研究方向会往那个方向走。最后给你几个参考链接。前面两个主要是介绍literature review到底是什么回事，第三个是一个sample literature _html-a-literature-review例子：_apa_style_pdf
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