本科毕业论文开题报告 论文题目the Application and Innovation of Gothicism in Wuthering Heights 一、选题的意义和研究现状 1．选题的目的、理论意义和现实意义 长时期以来， 人们视艾米莉•勃朗特为英国文学中的“斯芬克斯”。关于她本人和她的作品都有很多难解之谜， 许多评论家从不同的角度、采用不同的方法去研究， 得出了不同的结论， 因而往往是旧谜刚解， 新谜又出， 解谜热潮似永无休止。 本文立足于欧美文学中的哥特传统研究《呼啸山庄》的创作源泉， 指出艾米莉• 勃朗特在主题、人物形象、环境刻画、意象及情节构造等方面都借鉴了哥特传统， 同时凭借其超乎寻常的想象力， 将现实与超现实融为一体， 给陈旧的形式注入了激烈情感、心理深度和新鲜活力， 达到了哥特形式与激情内容的完美统一， 使《呼啸山庄》既超越了哥特体裁的“黑色浪漫主义”， 又超越了维多利亚时代的“现实主义”， 从而展现出独具一格、经久不衰的艺术魅力。 2．与选题相关的国内外研究和发展概况 各民族的文学中都有许多惊险、恐怖的故事， 但似乎没有哪一种文学像英美文学那样不仅创作出数量众多、质量优秀的恐怖文学作品， 而且还形成了一个持续发展、影响广泛的哥特传统( Gothic tradition) 。哥特文学现在已经成为英美文学研究中的一个重要领域。对哥特文学的认真研究开始于20 世纪二三十年代， 到70 年代以后， 由于新的学术思潮和文学批评观念的影响， 该研究出现了前所未有而且日趋高涨的热潮。根据在国际互联网上的搜索， 到2000 年9月为止， 英美等国的学者除发表了大量关于哥特文学的论文外， 还至少出版专著达184部， 其中1970 年以后为126 部， 仅90 年代就达59 部， 几乎占总数的三分之一。当然，近年来哥特文学研究的状况不仅在于研究成果迅速增加， 更重要的是它在深度和广度方面都大为拓展， 并且把哥特传统同英美乃至欧洲的历史、社会、文化和文学的总体发展结合起来。 二、研究方案 1．研究的基本内容及预期的结果（大纲） 研究的基本内容:本文立足于欧美文学中的哥特传统研究《呼啸山庄》的创作源泉， 指出艾米莉• 勃朗特在主题、人物形象、环境刻画、意象及情节构造等方面都借鉴了哥特传统， 同时凭借其超乎寻常的想象力， 将现实与超现实融为一体， 给陈旧的形式注入了激烈情感、心理深度和新鲜活力， 达到了哥特形式与激情内容的完美统一， 使《呼啸山庄》既超越了哥特体裁的“黑色浪漫主义”， 又超越了维多利亚时代的“现实主义”， 从而展现出独具一格、经久不衰的艺术魅力。 预期的结果（大纲）: 1．A Survey of Gothic 1 Definition of Gothic 2 the Origin of Gothic Novels 1 Historical Reasons 1 Folklore in Germantic Nationality 2 Drama in the Renaissance 3 the Bible and Legends in Christianity 2 Development of the Novel Itself 1 Challenge of Romanticism to Rationalism 2 Sublime and Beautiful Emily’s Gothic Heritage 1 Theme 1 Good and Evil 2 Revenge 2 Characters Description 1 Villain-hero 2 Delicate Young Girl 3 Atmosphere， Environment and Plot 1 Terror 2 Mystery 3 Supernatural Emily’s Gothic Innovation 1 Combination of romanticism and Realism 1 Change of the Background 2 Use of Symbolism 3 Stream of Consciousness 4 Illusion and Subconsciousness Description of Figure Emotion and Psychology Reference 2．拟采用的研究方法 主要有资料查找、理论探讨研究、阅读法 研究所需条件和可能存在的问题 研究所需条件：纸张、打印设备、图书馆、互联网上获取国内外文献资料； 可能存在的问题：(1)文献不足; (2) 由于个人的观点和能力，使对研究对象分析不够全面和深入。 三、研究进度安排、参考文献及审查意见 1．研究进度安排 （1）论文指导第一周（学期第八周）：学生完成初稿。 （2）论文指导第二周（学期第九周）：指导教师审阅论文初稿后发回修改。 （3）论文指导第三周（学期第十周）：学生交论文第二稿。 （4）论文指导第四周（学期第十一周）：指导教师审阅第二稿并发回给学生进一步修改。 （5）论文指导第五周（学期第十二周）：定稿 （6）论文指导第六周（学期第十三周）：交定稿的打印稿和电子文本。 （7）论文指导第六周（学期第十三周）：本周星期五至论文指导第七周（学期第周）星期五，指导教师和评阅教师写评语，学生做好答辩准备。 （8）论文指导第七周（学期第十四周）：星期三至论文指导第八周（学期第十五周）开展答辩工作。 应收集资料及主要参考文献（不少于8条） [1] Bronte， C Charlotte Bronte’s preface to the second edition， Wuthering H London: J M Dent Sons L [2] Gerin， W Emily Bronte [M] New York: Oxford University P [3] Marie， Mulvey-R The handbook to gothic literature [A] New York: New York University P [4] Punter， D The Literature of Terror [M] London: L [5] 方平 1993 希望在人间—论〈呼啸山庄〉(《呼啸山庄》译序) [M] 上海译文出版社 第24页 [6] 盖斯凯尔夫人 2000 夏洛蒂•勃朗特传[M] 张淑荣等译 北京: 团结出版社 第11—12页 [7] 肖明翰 英美文学中的哥特传统[J] 外国文学评论第3期 [8] 鲜于静 神秘和怪诞的魅力——福克纳小说《八月之光》的哥特艺术研究[MA] 中国学位论文全文库
《巴黎圣母院》The Hunchback of Notre DameThe Hunchback of Notre Dame (French: Notre-Dame de Paris) is an 1831 French novel written by Victor H It is set in 1482 in Paris， in and around the cathedral of Notre Dame de P The book tells the story of a poor barefoot Gypsy girl (La Esmeralda) and a misshapen bell-ringer (Quasimodo) who was raised by the archdeacon (Claude Frollo) The book was written as a statement to preserve the Notre Dame cathedral and not to 'modernize' it， as Hugo was thoroughly against Hugo finished the book just as he was running out of This tempted him to title the work What There Is in a Bottle of I[1] He eventually decided against it and called the book Notre-Dame de P English translations of the book are often titled The Hunchback of Notre Dame， which have led some to believe that Quasimodo is the main Hugo never liked this title， preferring the original Notre-Dame de P He gave this title because he considered the cathedral itself to be the main "character" of the The story takes place around and inside the church， and Hugo spent much time describing the building as well as decrying its abandonment after the abuse it suffered during the French Revolution; during the Revolution， the church had been viewed as a symbol of the old regime and was pillaged and vandalized by angry As stated by many critics and scholars， the Cathedral of Notre Dame appears to be the main setting， which is almost elevated to the status of a Indeed， the original French title of the book， Notre-Dame de Paris (the formal title of the Cathedral) shows that the cathedral (and not Quasimodo) is the subject of the The book portrays the Gothic era as one of extremes of architecture， passion， and Like many of his other works， Hugo is also very concerned with social justice， and his descriptions of religious fanaticism are also Another unique element of the book is the way in which Hugo changes the roles of protagonist and antagonist， hero and villain， between characters throughout the The enormous popularity of the book in France spurred the nascent historical preservation movement in that country and strongly encouraged Gothic revival Ultimately it led to major renovations at Notre-Dame in the 19th century led by Eugène Viollet-le-D Much of the cathedral's present appearance is a result of this In The Hunchback of Notre Dame， Victor Hugo makes frequent reference to the architecture of the Cathedral of Notre Dame in PHe also mentions the invention of the printing press， when the bookmaker near the beginning of the work speaks of "the German "Victor Hugo lived a few homes away from Victor of Aveyron， the first well-documented feral child，[2] although the inspiration for Quasimodo's character is not directly linked to
