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关于金融危机的论文3000字

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冷战结束后,伴随着经济全球化的迅速发展,新自由主义不仅仅只是美国经济政策的基础,也成为美国在全球推行金融自由化的工具。新自由主义虽然对治理上世纪七八十年代西方国家的滞胀起到了一定的疗效,但它不是万能的。 所谓新自由主义,是一套以复兴传统自由主义理想,以尽量减少政府对经济社会的干预为主要经济政策目标的思潮。一些学者称之为“完全不干预主义”,因其在里根时代勃兴,因此又称其为“里根主义”。而“金融大鳄”索罗斯把这种相信市场能够解决所有问题的理念称为“市场原教旨主义”。索罗斯在接受法国《世界报》采访时表示,“(华尔街的危机)是我所说的市场原教旨主义这一放任市场和让其自动调节理论的结果。危机并非因为一些外来因素,也不是自然灾害造成的,是体制给自己造成了损失。它发生了内破裂。” 新自由主义的模式,突出强调“最少的政府干预,最大化的市场竞争,金融自由化和贸易自由化”。由于美国在国际金融体系中的主导作用,新自由主义的思想对这个体系也形成了极大影响。包括会计制度、市场评级体系、风险控制程序,乃至金融政策,甚至市场适用的语言、计价货币等,统统采用的是美国规则,国际金融体系实际上成了美国金融体系。很显然,这不符合平等、公平、协商的国际原则,无视各国发展阶段、管理水平、经济和社会体制的差异。越来越多的经济学家已经认识到,未来国际金融体系的改革与调整要想取得成果,就必然要触动这一思想基础。 在经济全球化迅速发展的背景下发生的金融风暴,必然会产生比以往更强烈的冲击。 一、这个全球性的影响来自于以美元为主导的国际货币体系。 上世纪70年代,在美国主导下建立的以美元为中心的国际货币体系——布雷顿森林体系解体,但是,凭借强大的经济实力,美元仍然是当今国际储备和贸易结算的主要货币。直到目前,美元在国际结算和全球各央行外汇储备中的比重一直维持在60%以上。“领头羊”一出问题,必然产生多米诺骨牌效应,致使全球金融市场迅速陷于极度恐慌之中。 二、金融全球化让世界在享受全球化带来的红利的同时,也带来了相应的风险。 由于金融自由化和经济全球化发展到相当高的程度,今天世界各地都处在不同程度的金融开放之中,大笔“热钱”在全球各地迅速流动,各种令人眼花缭乱的金融衍生品将全球金融机构盘根错节地联系在一起,而美国等发达国家又占据着最为有利的地位。最典型的就是,美国一些金融机构把大量的房地产抵押债券打包后,出售给了很多国家。正因为如此,发源于美国这一全球最大经济体和最发达金融体系的金融风暴,才会造成史无前例的影响。 随着全球金融动荡的加剧,世界各国都不同程度地出现了流动性短缺、股市大跌、汇率震荡、出口下降、失业率上升等现象,全球金融市场和实体经济正面临严峻考验。 金融风暴首先重创了美国的银行体系,粉碎了这个“世界最完备体系”的神话。美国商业银行的市场集中度远远落后于欧洲国家。美国有大量的州立银行与中小银行。这些银行在过去几年内投资了大量的次级抵押贷款金融产品以及其他证券化产品。次贷危机爆发后,它们出现了大面积的资产减记与亏损。这些中小银行抵御危机的能力很差,也很难得到美国政府的救助,因此在未来破产倒闭的概率很高。 在世界范围内,欧洲银行业受殃及最深,因为欧洲银行过分依赖于短期借贷市场,而不是通常的客户储蓄。新兴市场经济体也很难独善其身。金融危机爆发后,大量资金从新兴市场经济体撤离,一些自身经济结构比较脆弱、对外资依赖程度比较高的国家正面临严峻考验。 最令人担忧的是,全球金融危机不可避免地要传导至实体经济领域,拖累甚至阻滞全球经济增长。目前,美国房地产投资已经持续缩减。而在房地产市场与股票市场价格交替下挫的负向财富效应的拖累下,美国居民消费日益疲软。由于自身股价下跌,美国企业投资的意愿和能力均有所下降。而由于能够提供的抵押品价值下跌,美国企业能够获得的银行信贷数量也大幅下降。美国经济在2009年陷入衰退几乎已成定局。欧元区经济、日本经济等发达经济体和部分新兴市场经济体在2009年的增长前景也不容乐观。 由于美国经济占全球比重近30%,其进口占世界贸易的15%,美国经济衰退将导致全球商品贸易量下降,进而影响一些外贸依存度大的发展中国家的出口和经济增长。而危机对实体经济的严重影响,很有可能带来全球范围贸易保护主义的抬头,形成经济复苏的新障碍。大规模救市措施,也会使本来就有巨大财政赤字的美国政府雪上加霜,一旦出现大肆发行债券、印发钞票,势必会导致美元信用下跌,并推高全球通胀率。 规模空前的金融风暴是对世界各国经济治理能力的考验,是对世界各国加强国际合作的诚意与决心的考验。目前,国际社会正密切关注着这场危机的走势,关注着全球各国的应对举措及其所产生的效应。

关于金融危机的论文3000字

159 评论(9)

潮潮潮爱学习

Financial crisis in the insurance intermediary John cenaIn the short term insurance intermediaries to survive more pressure from the insurance industry itself, financial intermediaries on the crisis in the industry have a direct impact is These include a limited impact, originally planned in the near future listing of intermediaries may be extended indefinitely; global capital markets in the doldrums, so that the listing and other financing are more difficult to obtain venture capital and additional investment cost will be □ Wang Jin By the time the US loan crisis triggered by the financial tsunami from the United States has spread to the global financial crisis the industry has penetrated into the real economy and lead to a global economic Many well-known economists believe that the crisis in the breadth, scope, and the degree of hazard than the 1920s crisis of the century In the face of this crisis, governments around the world have made a very timely response and have implemented a series of measures and policies to The positive impact of financial crisis The global insurance industry The crisis on the global insurance industry has an enormous negative The world's largest insurance group American International Group (AIG) suffered a crisis of bankruptcy, and the US government to enable it to rescue a huge According to estimates, there are a number of insurance companies to invest in huge losses of mortar nests, within two years if the global capital market is not big improvement, the insurance companies will be very difficult to support the insurance From the breadth and depth of the crisis point of view, the global economy and capital markets recovery may take Pessimistic, over the next two years, on a global scale, or there will be more difficult and even insurance companies into Insurance intermediary is not optimistic about the Marsh (Marsh), Aon Corporation (Aon), Willis (Willis), and other institutions in the same period a profit decline, the stock In the economic globalization, China's insurance industry could not escape the global financial crisis, the direct China Ping An Group's overseas investment is almost tragically, the loss of their need to be able to make up for the operation of a number of The insurance industry is also part of the domestic investment significantly from last year's surplus into a floating F Insurance misfortunes never come singly, part of the investment loss, or part of the underwriting loss or gave birth to the potential In 2008, the Insurance industry's underwriting losses almost certain, and life insurance company through various channels for a large number of sales even dangerous, such as universal insurance to investment-oriented insurance are no huge If in the next few years can not have a certain amount of investment income, perhaps to a certain point in the future to cover the outbreak of the crisis may lead to further life insurance company bankrupt a domino Professional insurance intermediary In the short term survival pressures Leaving the marketing and insurance agents and industry, professional insurance intermediary companies from the three main categories: insurance agents, insurance brokers and insurance As we all know, in the insurance industry, professional intermediaries are very small and Over the years, through insurance agents and insurance brokers for the realization of the total premium size of the premium has not been able to break 3% of the public insurance assessment companies in coastal areas to play a role in the development of the Midwest and Northeast are very From the figures, the professional insurance intermediary for the insurance industry contribution to the small, almost Professional insurance intermediary for the insurance industry with its limited contribution to the commitment of the insurance and related Insurance is basically all-round organ, the actuarial, product development, product sales, a single, nuclear security, scheduled for loss, claims, investment and so on all the functions of its direct sales business difficult to achieve, agents and brokers to help their bodies to complete, the agent Brokers and agencies of its direct sales only added Public service is also estimated insurance claims of the department In many cases, customers need a strong, or insurance claims department is difficult to operate, the public insurance assessment will be It is clear that if the insurance company to maintain its "large" the functions of the professional insurance intermediary to the development of the space is very In the short term, insurers will continue its "large" Strengthen the direct sales business is still in, for example, the Insurance companies are still greater efforts to promote direct telephone business, life insurance companies also continue to expand its marketing In the direct extrusion business, led by auto insurance agent to increase the pressure to survive, led by life insurance agents must be more life insurance salesmen in direct competition, the industry is still in the loss of state agents Companies, operating in the short term will be even more Insurance agents and brokers industry a little different, top 50 brokers in approximately 80% of all shareholders to support a strong background or context of foreign investment, these companies completely dominated the brokerage Shareholders do not support the context of foreign investment and brokerage firm, do not have to face old colleagues, but also insurance companies and direct face-to-face competition advantage does not exist, to survive together, to mention In addition, the financial crisis in the insurance industry under the adverse investment policies to cover benefits the poor, in regard to insurance payment is likely too severe, which often affect the agency's service quality, easily lead to the loss of policy holders on the agency's confidence and At the same time, insurance companies and their harsh on the commission paid by the inertia of the agency may have a negative Parts of the insurance companies may even join forces, compression and the public commission estimated the cost ratio, which not only damage the interests of the intermediary industry, but also hindered the intermediary service innovation is not conducive to policy holders for the agency to provide better, more comprehensive insurance S As a result, within a short period of survival intermediaries more pressure from the insurance industry itself, financial intermediaries on the crisis in the industry have a direct impact is These limited the impact of the original plan in the near future, including the listing of intermediaries may be extended indefinitely; global capital markets in the doldrums, so that the listing and other financing are more difficult to obtain venture capital and additional investment cost will be Bigger and stronger insurance industry Can not do without intermediaries All walks of life can not be separated from the development of intermediary The emergence of various types of intermediaries and prosperity of the market to lower transaction costs and improve market efficiency, greatly promoted the development of all walks of life and global The insurance industry in developed countries, insurance companies will not only become bigger, stronger, the agency also very strong, very well- The development of intermediary institutions need specialization in accordance with the insurance company's request to reduce operating costs and improve operational efficiency as the goal, some of the functions of a "Large" is based on cost-efficiency and low cost, to break the "large" system, insurance companies will be able to radically reduce operating costs, out of the underwriting loss for the difficulties emerging from the shadow of financial crisis and enhance core competitiveness, Will be able to show in the international arena Although the domestic professional intermediaries is also very weak, but is fully capable to assume certain functions of the insurance Shenzhen's insurance sector to pioneer the first transfer of vehicle accidents Gusun functions to the people too, led by an assessment of the public sector to grow rapidly in the near Practice has proved that the domestic and foreign insurance companies to shift some of its non-core functions of the first to benefit from the insurance companies, policyholders can get better service, an intermediary to get the healthy development of the industry; intermediary and the healthy development of the industry, in turn, further reduce the insurance companies The cost of outsourcing services for the insured to provide a better And other industries, the insurance industry specialization is the trend of the times, but also insurance companies to lower operating costs, increase efficiency in the one and only If the insurance companies to gradually transfer the sales, a single, Gu Sun, claims, risk management, customers and even some of the functions such as actuarial, to maintain its core competence, more professional intermediaries, such as generation, a single company, estimated the public, Set loss, detection, security management, actuarial, and other companies will soon emerge and development of the insurance industry, the principal will have a stronger competitive edge, industry-wide decline in operating costs, improve service levels, the whole society on the insurance industry Greater confidence and Prudential case, the insurance industry not only bigger, stronger, but also will become the envy of everyone's career
231 评论(8)

zhangfq7112

给你现成的资料终归有限,你可以去查看各方经济学家对该问题的分析,集百家之长就是你的,另外,你还可以形成独立见解,这就是素质。
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jw?y

金融危机与农民工的出路金融危机对普通民众来说,最担心的恐怕就是失业。如果哪天饭碗突然不保,假如恰巧还是一家之主,不仅自身的生活水准大受影响,整个家庭都将因此而陷入困顿之中。而在当前的中国大陆,最可能于危机中失业的,是那些背井离乡,到繁华都市里辛苦求生的农民工。一则是因为他们人数庞大,可替代性强;二则是因为他们所拥有的技术和资源有限,从而抵御危机的能力也有限。正是由于存在这种对失业的恐惧感,那些返乡的农民工,这个年也过得不踏实。据报道,为了能保住工作岗位或者找到新的工作,从年初二开始,就陆续开始有农民工赶往广东等地。到了大年初四,大批扛包拎箱的农民工,便已经浩浩荡荡地出现在广州火车站的广场上了。各种信息表明,2009年就业形势比以往要严峻得多。2008年第四季度,中经济增幅滑落到7%以下,为近7年之新低。2008年全国有超过60万家中小企业倒闭,仅广东省1到10月就有15661家中小企业倒闭。大量企业倒闭或停工,令2000万人失业,占到3亿外出农民工的3%,造成一股农民工返乡潮。据统计,在我国农民的收入结构中,45%为外出务工的非农收入,农民新增收入中,又有70%来自非农务工增收。可以说,农民工严峻的就业形势不仅给农民增收带来很大困难,而且导致农民平均收入下降。再者,不断增长的返乡农民工人数因为耕地的有限性也可能引发冲突。一些劳动力输出大省的地方劳动局表示,大批劳动力返乡,既没有文化又缺少技能,可能使社会不稳定因素突然增加。但如果以为在金融危机中受到伤害的只有农民工及其输出地,则大错特错。事实上,既然同在一个社会生态系统中,在同一条生存链上,当遭受这场历史罕见的危机冲击时,就不会有人能成为“幸运者”。因此,面对这场危机,我们必须同舟共济,共克时艰。在这场危机中,全社会要特别善待农民工。改革30年来,中国大陆之所以能够创造经济增长的奇迹,很大程度上要归功于这些在城市卑微生存的群体,是他们承担了社会改革、社会转型和经济发展的大量成本,就外向型经济突出的沿海地区来说,这点尤其明显。在中国,怎样善待农民工是一个非常重要的政治、经济和社会问题。他们不仅需要就业,需要收入来养家糊口,也需要得到城市的其他群体的尊重,需要平等。越是在经济不景气的时候,我们越要善待他们,善待他们其实也就是在善待我们自己,没有他们超额的付出,我们今天就得更多付出。
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ttandqq

经济学家也不能完全说清楚,何难中学生?!
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手机用户

网上很多 直接搜啊 或者你可以进大学里的数据库 一般大学图书馆都有相应的数据库,供写论文用。一搜一大把
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