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提高双低菜籽皮对反自动物营养价值的研摘要本研究以双低菜籽皮的中性洗涤纤维(NeutralDetergentFiber，NDF)含量为评定指标。采用混合嵌套设计从干式NaOH法(处理时间分别为d1、d2、3d)、尿素氨化法(处理时间分别为1d0、1d5、ZOd)、碱化一氨化复合处理(处理时间分别为15d、ZOd、25d)筛选出最佳处理组及其处理时间;采用L(3‘)正交设计筛选出最佳配比的纤维素酶、B一葡聚糖酶、木聚糖酶和a一淀粉酶处理组;从而得到最佳化学处理组和最佳复合酶制剂处理组。采用扫描电子显微镜(SacunnigEleetrnoMcriosocpe，SEM)技术分析上述最佳处理组处理的双低菜籽皮的结构;并分别以稻草、未处理双低菜籽皮、经最佳化学组处理的双低菜籽皮、经最佳复合酶制剂组处理的双低菜籽皮为粗料配制不同日粮，研究其对湖北麻城黑山羊的生长性能的影响。试验结果如下:与对照组(未处理组)相比，双低菜籽皮经干式Na0H法、尿素氨化法、碱化-氨化复合法处理后中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量降低，中性洗涤纤维2h4降解率升高。双低菜籽皮经不同化学方法处理后，中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量组间差异极显著P(<01)，中性洗涤纤维2h4降解率组间差异极显著P(<01);双低菜籽皮经同种方法不同时间处理后，时间对NDF含量及中性洗涤纤维24h降解率的影响是极显著(P<01)。就中性洗涤纤维2h4降解率而言，干式NaOH处理组比对照组的分别提高了22%、16%、58，64%，尿素氨化处理组比对照组的分别提高了81%、()7%、巧64%，碱化一氨化复合处理组比对照组的分别提高了88%、04%、79%。双低菜籽皮经不同配比的复合酶制剂处理后NDF含量组间差异不显著P(>005)，中性洗涤纤维2h4降解率组间差异不显著P(>005)。与对照组相比，NDF含量均下降，分别降低了15%、59%、56%、81%、42%、57%、%、62%、05%;中性洗涤纤维24h降解率均有所提高，分别提高了07%、89，05%、75%、42%、29%、77%、72%、96%、74%。扫描电镜观察发现处理前后双低菜籽皮的物理结构变化显著。未处理的双低菜籽皮结构紧密，细胞器清晰可见;经过碱化一氨化复合处理之后，薄壁组织膨胀，形成一些“孔穴”结构，并且大部分的细胞器解体脱落:经过复合酶制剂处理后双低菜籽皮表面光滑，“孔穴”结构更加规则，并且细胞器基本完全解体脱落。表明双低菜籽皮经过处理后细胞壁疏松，为瘤胃液的渗透提供有利的条件，从而提高双低当动物营养价值的研究菜籽皮的利用效率。两种处理方法处理的双低菜籽皮组与稻草组相比，山羊的采食量、日增重、料肉比差异显著(P<005);与未处理的双低菜籽皮组相比，差异不显著P(>005)，但山羊的采食量和日增重有所提高，料肉比下降。结果表明，双低菜籽皮经碱化一氨化复合法在常温下处理20d后效果最佳;双低菜籽皮的最佳复合酶制剂的配比为纤维素酶38469、B一葡聚糖酶16679、木聚糖酶20009和a一淀粉酶01259(添加比例为在5009双低菜籽皮中的含量)。碱化一氨化复合处理和复合酶制剂处理能够提高双低菜籽皮的营养价值，并且饲喂经最佳处理组处理的双低菜籽皮可以提高山羊的生长性能。关键词:双低菜籽皮;氨化;复合酶制剂;扫描电镜;瘤胃尼龙袋法目录中文摘要···············，····································，·················，·······································……I英文摘要······················································································，····················，··……1111，前言·······························，··················································································……1开发双低菜籽皮饲料的重要性·················，··············································……2双低菜籽皮的特点和营养价值·······························································……3低质粗饲料的处理方法·····，·，··，······，··················，······································……4低质粗饲料在反当动物饲料利用中存在的问题························，··········……5本试验研究的目的和意义·······································································……材料与方法······································，·······························································……1样品的采集·································，·····························································……2处理双低菜籽皮的化学方法·····，·····························································……3处理双低菜籽皮的酶制剂方法，·········，·············································，······……4双低菜籽皮营养成分瘤胃降解率的测定···············································……5扫描电子显微镜分析···············································································……26山羊饲养试验···························································································……7检测指标···································································································……132，8一计算公式与数据处理·······················································，·····················……‘’结果与分析··，·····，·······，··，，，···，····，，······································································……143，1双低菜籽皮的主要成分含量········，··························································一2化学处理双低菜籽皮的成分分析···············································，···········……3复合酶制剂处理双低菜籽皮的成分分析···············································……4扫描电镜分析处理前后双低菜籽皮结构的变化···································……5不同处理饲粮对山羊生长性能的影响···················································……讨论······，···················，···，·····，，，·····················，，····················································……1双低菜籽皮经不同方法处理效果的比较···············································……2不同处理对双低菜籽皮物理结构的影响········，······································……3不同处理饲粮对山羊生长性能的影响··················································，……26结论···，···········，······································································································……28参考文献·······，··················································································，···················……29致谢··········，·····，···，·············，·····，·············································································……35附录······················································································································……36005届硕士学位论文 
饲料安全与畜产品质量研究饲用抗生素的替代技术（如药用植物及提取物、抗菌肽等），在保证动物高效生产的前提下，采用无抗生素的绿色饲料，生产安全的畜产品。研究影响猪、鸡肉质性状形成的分子机理、代谢途径、影响因素，通过有效的营养调控，生产优质的畜产品。单胃动物营养与饲料在重点掌握本领域及相关领域国内外研究动态、研究热点、研究进展及行业发展趋势的基础上，本研究方向主要从事猪、鸡等单胃动物营养需要以及与单胃动物相关的营养与饲料、营养生理、营养调控、营养与免疫、营养与环境的研究和新型饲料与饲料添加剂的开发与安全性评价。通过相关专题理论的学习和学位论文试验设计、课题实施、论文撰写等环节，培养从事单胃动物营养与饲料研究和生产的高级专业人才。反刍动物营养与饲料结合我国奶牛饲养的条件，通过奶牛营养参数和饲料营养价值评定、优质粗饲料生产和科学利用技术、日粮营养平衡技术，奶牛高效、精细化饲养管理和营养检测技术，同时开展奶牛营养与代谢调控等前瞻性研究，应用系统整体营养调控指导思想来解决当前我国奶牛生产存在的奶牛单产低，奶质差和营养代谢病多的问题。通过本方向的研究最终形成适合不同区域或不同养殖模式的标准化奶牛饲养技术规范。动物行为福利与环境本方向主要研究集约化生产条件下畜禽异常行为产生的机制、影响动物福利的因素，以及有利于机体健康、生产性能提高的畜禽养殖新工艺的探索。动物分子营养与饲料生物技术本研究方向主要从事营养素与基因之间的相互作用（包括营养与营养素之间、营养素与基因之间、基因与基因之间的相互作用）及其对机体健康影响的规律和机制，利用现代生物技术开发新的饲料资源，提高饲料的利用营养价值及转化率，降低饲料中的抗营养因子和毒素及生产成本，节省饲料等方面的研究。饲料与畜产品IT技术研究饲料配制与畜产品生产过程中的数据电脑管理和安全质量的数字化监控体系。通过对饲料—养殖—畜产品—消费者流程中的每个环节、每项措施、每个成分进行危害评估及关键控制点的分析检验，对整个生产链全过程制定可操作规范体系，使原料供应、加工生产、包装运输、销售消费都能在统一的操作规范下进行，从而保证畜产品的安全性。
