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英语论文摘要关键词有哪些

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毕业论文摘要的书写方法和技巧 摘要的作用 摘要也就是内容提要,是论文中不可缺少的一部分。论文摘要是一篇具有独立性的短文,有其特别的地方。它是建立在对论文进行总结的基础之上,用简单、明确、易懂、精辟的语言对全文内容加以概括,留主干去枝叶,提取论文的主要信息。作者的观点、论文的主要内容、研究成果、独到的见解,这些都应该在摘要中体现出来。好的摘要便于索引与查找,易于收录到大型资料库中并为他人提供信息。因此摘要在资料交流方面承担着至关重要的作用。 书写摘要的基本规范和原则 (1)论文摘要分为中文摘要和外文(一般为英文)摘要。摘要在篇幅方面的限定,不同的学校和机构有不同的要求,通常中文摘要不超过300字,英文摘要不超过250个实词,中英文摘要应一致。毕业论文摘要可适当增加篇幅。 (2)多向指导教师请教,并根据提供的意见及时修改,以期达到更高水平。 (3)摘要是完整的短文,具有独立性,可以单独使用。即使不看论文全文的内容,仍然可以理解论文的主要内容、作者的新观点和想法、课题所要实现的目的、采取的方法、研究的结果与结论。 (4)叙述完整,突出逻辑性,短文结构要合理。 (5)要求文字简明扼要,不容赘言,提取重要内容,不含前言、背景等细节部分,去掉旧结论、原始数据,不加评论和注释。采用直接表述的方法,删除不必要的文学修饰。摘要中不应包括作者将来的计划以及与此课题无关的内容,做到用最少的文字提供最大的信息量。 (6)摘要中不使用特殊字符,也不使用图表和化学结构式,以及由特殊字符组成的数学表达式,不列举例证。 摘要的四要素 目的、方法、结果和结论称为摘要的四要素。 (1)目的:指出研究的范围、目的、重要性、任务和前提条件,不是主题的简单重复。 (2)方法:简述课题的工作流程,研究了哪些主要内容,在这个过程中都做了哪些工作,包括对象、原理、条件、程序、手段等。 (3)结果:陈述研究之后重要的新发现、新成果及价值,包括通过调研、实验、观察取得的数据和结果,并剖析其不理想的局限部分。 (4)结论:通过对这个课题的研究所得出的重要结论,包括从中取得证实的正确观点,进行分析研究,比较预测其在实际生活中运用的意义,理论与实际相结合的价值。 撰写步骤 摘要作为一种特殊的陈述性短文,书写的步骤也与普通类型的文章有所不同。摘要的写作时间通常在论文的完成之后,但也可以采用提早写的方式,然后再边写论文边修改摘要。首先,从摘要的四要素出发,通读论文全文,仔细将文中的重要内容一一列出,特别是每段的主题句和论文结尾的归纳总结,保留梗概与精华部分,提取用于编写摘要的关键信息。然后,看这些信息能否完全、准确的回答摘要的四要素所涉及的问题,并要求语句精炼。若不足以回答这些问题,则重新阅读论文,摘录相应的内容进行补充。最后,将这些零散信息,组成符合语法规则和逻辑规则的完整句子,再进一步组成通畅的短文,通读此短文,反复修改,达到摘要的要求。 关于英文摘要 (1)英文摘要的写作方法要依据公认的写作规范。 (2)尽量使用简单句,避免句型单调,表达要求准确完整。 (3)正确使用冠词。 (4)使用标准英语书写,避免使用口语,应使用易于理解的常用词,不用生僻词汇。 (5)作者所做工作用过去时,结论用现在时。 (6)多使用主动语态。 关键词 关键词是为了文献标引工作从报告、论文中选出来用以表示全文主题内容信息目的单词术语。每篇报告、论文选取3~8个词作为关键词,以显著的字符另起一行,排在摘要的左方。如有可能,尽量用《汉语主题词表》等词表提供的规范词。为了国际交流,应标注与中文对应的英文关键词。 关键词是主题词中的一类。主题词是一种新型检索词汇,多用于计算机网络检索。 关键词分为中文关键词和与之对应的英文关键词,分别置于中文摘要和英文摘要之下。为便于他人的检索,不能使用过于宽泛的词语。选择关键词既可以从论文的各级标题入手,也可以从论文本身的内容选取,将选出的关键词按照所涉及领域的范围从大到小顺序列出。

英语论文摘要关键词有哪些

245 评论(15)

宇宙树

【Abstract】 made in good faith system is civil law in modern times, civil law and common law legal system, an China's goodwill on the real estate can be applied to obtain the system of "property law" before the promulgation of legislation is not clear that considerable academic debate, the mainstream view is Theory, such legislation and the unknown has led to confusion in the trial Promulgated a new "People's Republic of China property law" can be said to be one of China's civil law system, the landmark law, the law established in a number of important new system of civil law, real estate acquired in good faith in the system of property rights is one an important In this paper, comparative law, the existing law, the point of view of academic theory, demonstrated in China's real estate acquired in good faith to establish the need for a Key words real estate; "People's Republic of China Property Law"; the principle of public trust; well-made system
319 评论(15)

美诺静灵

With the general improvement of the quality of life, the sea and land are not the only ways for people's travel, tourism , as the aviation industry has the advantage of time and gradually,it become the mainstream trend in In order to meet the needs of modern society the concept of a high time for a strong, ticket booking management system for the ticket booking office has brought great The purpose of this paper is to study the management of ticket booking system software development and application of ways, mainly because the management of today's cumbersome ticket reservations to the concept of time has a strong staff of the airline has brought a lot of inconvenience and the lack of a complete airline Booking of ticket management software, for Record of the booking, flight information, such as passenger information to facilitate the management, so the development of this In this paper, VC programming language as a system to support the software to WIN9X/NT/XP operating system as a platform to support the VC to control the operating system Around the machine on database design and programming work in these two areas of practice, through some kind of database products and development tools (Access, SQL Server, Oracle, VFP, PB, VB, VC, Delphi, ) are familiar with and know, for a given of a specific problem, first of all, through its comprehensive analysis of the conceptual model for database design, relational database design logical structure to achieve 3NF or BCNF mode then RDBMS at the finish the design and specific features of the programming module require debugging, testing the success of the final submission of a small database In this paper, through computer networks to the client and the server connected to the database from the client to deal with information received, achieve flight information, ticket generation, sales statistics, General information Cost for the computer center, a computer sales business automation, as airlines reduce costs, improve sales, management decision-making based on timely and Function of the software system at the completion of the internal source code Through the operation manual, the user can know the basic working principle of the Operators only need to input some simple Chinese characters, numbers, can achieve their Keywords: VC, Access, Delphi, SQL S 翻译如有出入,请您再做修正!
334 评论(9)

xiaonai95

呵呵 十三级榜眼哥哥 竟然不懂英文啊 。
100 评论(8)

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