中国的环境保护问题（英汉对照） 一、实施可持续发展战略的选择 中国现代化建设是在人口基数大，人均资源少，经济发展和科学技术水平都比较落后的条件下进行的。70年代以来，随着中国人口的增长、经济的发展和人民消费水平的不断提高，使本来就已经短缺的资源和脆弱的环境面临着越来越大的压力。选择一条什么样的发展道路，历史地成为与当代中国人民及其子孙后代生存息息相关的重大问题。 China's modernization drive has been launched in the following conditions: The country has a large population base， its per-capita average of natural resources is low， and its economic development as well as scientific and technological level remain quite Along with the growth of China's population， the development of the economy and the continuous improvement of the people's consumption level since the 1970s， the pressure on resources， which were already in rather short supply， and on the fragile environment has become greater and Which road of development to choose has turned out， historically， to be an issue of paramount importance to the survival of the Chinese people as well as their 中国政府十分重视因人口增长和经济发展而出现的环境问题，把保护环境作为提高人民生活水平和生活质量的一个重要方面。为了促进经济、社会与环境的协调发展，中国在80年代制定并实施了一系列保护环境的方针、政策、法律和措施。The Chinese government has paid great attention to the environmental issues arising from the country's population growth and economic development， and has made protecting the environment an important aspect of the improvement of the people's living standards and quality of In order to promote coordinated development between the economy， the society and the environment， China enacted and implemented a series of principles， policies， laws and measures for environmental protection in the ——确立环境保护为中国的一项基本国策。防治环境污染和生态破坏以及合理开发利用自然资源关系到国家的全局利益和长远发展，中国政府坚定不移地贯彻执行环境保护这项基本国策。-- Making environmental protection one of China's basic national The prevention and control of environmental pollution and ecological destruction and the rational exploitation and utilization of natural resources are of vital importance to the country's overall interests and long-term The Chinese government is unswervingly carrying out the basic national policy of environmental ——制定经济建设、城乡建设和环境建设同步规划、同步实施、同步发展，实现经济效益、社会效益、环境效益相统一的指导方针，实行“预防为主，防治结合”、“谁污染，谁治理”和“强化环境管理”三大政策。-- Formulating the guiding principles of simultaneous planning， simultaneous implementation and simultaneous development for economic construction， urban and rural construction and environmental construction， and combining the economic returns with social effects and environmental benefits; and carrying out the three major policies of ``prevention first and combining prevention with control，'' ``making the causer of pollution responsible for treating it'' and ``intensifying environmental '' ——颁布实施环境保护的法律法规，把环境保护建立在法制的基础上，不断完善环境法律体系，严格执法程序，加大执法力度，保证环境法律法规的有效实施。-- Promulgating and putting into effect laws and regulations regarding environmental protection and placing environmental protection on a legal footing， continuously improving the statutes concerning the environment， formulating strict law-enforcement procedures and increasing the intensity of law enforcement so as to ensure the effective implementation of the environmental laws and ——坚持环境保护纳入国民经济和社会发展计划，实施国家指导下的宏观调控与管理，逐步增加对环境保护的投入，使环境保护与各项建设事业统筹兼顾，协调发展。-- Persisting in incorporating environmental protection into the plans for national economic and social development， introducing to it macro regulation and management under state guidance， and gradually increasing environmental protection input so as to give simultaneous consideration to environmental protection and other undertakings and ensure their coordinated ——建立健全各级政府的环境保护机构，形成比较完善的环境管理体制，充分发挥环境监督管理的作用。-- Establishing and improving environmental protection organizations under governments at all levels， forming a rather complete environmental control system， and bringing into full play the governments' role in environmental supervision and ——加速环境科学技术的进步。加强基础理论研究，组织科技攻关，开发和推广防治环境污染的实用技术，扶植环境保护产业的发展，初步形成了环境保护科研体系。-- Accelerating progress in environmental science and Strengthening research into basic theories， organizing the tackling of key scientific and technological problems， developing and popularizing prac"itical technology for environmental pollution prevention and control， fostering the growth of environmental protection industries， and giving initial shape to an environmental protection scientific research ——开展环境宣传教育，提高全民族的环境意识。广泛进行环境宣传，逐步普及中小学环境教育，发展环境保护在职教育和专业教育，培养环境科学技术和管理方面的专门人才。-- Carrying out environmental publicity and education to enhance the whole nation's awareness of the Widely conducting environmental publicity work， gradually popularizing environmental education in secondary and primary schools， developing on-the-job education in environ"imen tal protection and vocational education， and training specialized personnel in environmental science and technology as well as environmental ——推进环境保护领域的国际合作。积极发展同世界各国和国际组织在环境与发展方面的交流与合作，认真履行国际环境公约，努力发挥中国在国际环境事务中的作用。-- Promoting international cooperation in the field of environmental Actively expanding exchanges and cooperation concerning the environment and development with other countries and international organizations， earnestly implementing international environmental conventions， and seeking scope for China's role in global environmental 进入90年代，国际社会与世界各国在探索解决环境与发展问题的道路上迈出了重要一步。1992年6月，联合国环境与发展大会把可持续发展作为未来共同的发展战略，得到了与会各国政府的普遍赞同。Since the beginning of the 1990s the international community and various countries have made an important step forward in exploring solutions to problems of the environment and The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development， held in June 1992， made sustainable development the strategy for common development in the future， and this won wide acclaim from the governments of all countries represented at the 1992年8月，联合国环境与发展大会之后，中国政府提出了中国环境与发展应采取的十大对策，明确指出走可持续发展道路是当代中国以及未来的必然选择。In August 1992， shortly after that conference， the Chinese government put forward ten major measures China was to adopt to enhance its environment and development， clearly pointing out that the road of sustainable development was a logical choice for China now and in the 1994年3月，中国政府批准发布了《中国21世纪议程 ——�中国21世纪人口、环境与发展白皮书》，从人口、环境与发展的具体国情出发，提出了中国可持续发展的总体战略、对策以及行动方案。有关部门和地方也分别制定了实施可持续发展战略的行动计划。In March 1994 the Chinese government approved and promulgated China's Agenda 21 -- White Paper on China's Population， Environment， and Development in the 21st C This document， proceeding from the country's specific national conditions in these three respects， put forward China's overall strategy， measures and program of action for sustainable The various departments and localities also worked out their respective plans of action to implement the strategy for sustainable 1996年3月，第八届全国人民代表大会第四次会议审议通过的《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展“九五”计划和2010年远景目标纲要》，把实施可持续发展作为现代化建设的一项重大战略，使可持续发展战略在中国经济建设和社会发展过程中得以实施。 At its Fourth Session in March 1996 China's Eighth National People's Congress examined and adopted the Ninth Five-Year Plan of the People's Republic of China for National Economic and Social Development and the Outline of the Long-Term Target for the Year Both the Plan and Outline take sustainable development as an important strategy for modernization， thus making it possible for the implementation of the strategy of sustainable development in the course of China's economic construction and social
这是关于:global warmingWhat Can We Do About Global Warming? First， keep in mind the goal， which is to bring the potentially catastrophic warming under control by curtailing the release of carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gases into the Ordinary people can help immediately by becoming more energy Stop using the familiar incandescent light bulbs and replace them with compact fluorescent bulbs， which last much longer and use only a quarter of the energy consumed by conventional Compact fluorescent bulbs are significantly more expensive， but because they last so long (up to 10 times the life of a standard bulb) and use so little electricity， they are substantially cheaper in the long Next， when shopping for an appliance -- a refrigerator， a dishwasher， an air-conditioner -- select the one with the highest energy efficiency There will be a sticker on the appliance， telling you how much energy it Pay There can be a difference of 30 percent to 40 percent or more in the amount of energy consumed by appliances with comparable Even more important is the choice you make in the car or truck you Motor vehicles are responsible for about a third of the carbon dioxide emissions in the United S The vehicles that are the most fuel efficient emit the least carbon (Fuel economy and carbon dioxide emissions are inversely If you double fuel economy， you cut carbon dioxide emissions in ) According to the research and advocacy group Environmental Defense， if you buy a new car that gets 10 more miles per gallon than your old car， the amount of carbon dioxide reduction realized in one year will be about 2，500 So buying a car or truck that suits your needs and is fuel efficient is a big Honda and Toyota are bringing so-called hybrid vehicles onto the market in the US Hybrids are cars that combine an internal combustion engine and a battery-powered electric They are mid-sized cars that are achieving twice the fuel economy of conventional D Paul Epstein， associate director of the Center for Health and the Global Environment at Harvard Medical School， summed the matter up as follows: "The issue is not so much what we are doing， but how we power what we are That's the first " Over the long term， the requirements are far more Ideally， over the course of the next 100 or so years， a transformation will take place and most energy will end up coming not from fossil fuels like coal and oil， but from clean energy sources -- the sun， the wind， hydrogen and non-polluting fuel "To get there at a cost that's affordable will require substantial technological development，" said D Michael Oppenheimer， the chief scientist of Environmental D To move from our pollution-choked present to a future in which climate change is not a mortal threat will take more than that all-important first step of an enlightened citizenry buying cleaner cars and more efficient Tough action by Congress and the president is needed， and And international cooperation， with enforceable agreements covering both industrialized and， ultimately， developing nations， will be Among other things， the federal government can offer subsidies and other incentives to reduce the cost and foster the use of existing clean-energy technology， and to encourage the development of ever more efficient new And the government can -- and should -- develop more sophisticated strategies like emissions trading and more stringent requirements for reducing carbon dioxide emissions Global warming is the most serious problem we face in the 21st Last week an intensive analysis by a respected geologist at Texas A&M University， suggested -- as most scientists have been saying for some time now -- that human activity， not natural factors， is the primary cause of the We caused the problem and we have within our grasp a variety of potential To ignore those solutions， to be aware of them but not make use of them， is not just profoundly destructive， it's (by Bob Herbert Published on Monday， July 17， 2000 in the New York Times)还有一篇环境保护的an and environment the world we live in is becoming more and more intolerable because of environmental bird flu and sars are two typical examples that environmental destruction may threaten our besides， forest destruction ， water and air pollution result in decrease of planting land and unpleasant serious as the problem seems， we can come up with some measures to deal with first of all， the authorities should adopt the policy of “sustainable development”， and laws concerning environmental protection should be put into effect and enforced strictly just as our government has been what' s more， every citizen should realize the seriousness of the problem and make concerted efforts to protect our in addition， planting trees helps improve and beautify the The environmental protection is the most major problem which in the modern life the humanity Must solve this problem must start from First， must massively propagandize， enhances people's consciousness with understanding， strengthens the environmental protection Next， must carry on waste recovery use， reduces to forest-tree's Also must strengthen to white pollution processing， little uses the plastic Finally， must make improvement to clean Causes the city's appearance to be For Earth's tomorrow， we must start from the now diligently， will want the well local constable to protect the To this us proposes as follows suggests: Implementation trash classification packed in Like this not only can reduce the environmental sanitation worker's work load， but also can even better basically arrive makes use of waste， to reduce the pollution， saves the resources还有1个世界水资源的缺乏World Water Shortage A new study warns that about thirty percent of the world's people may not have enough water by the year 一项新的研究结果提出警告：到2025年，世界上将有30%的人没有足够的水饮用。 A private American organization called Population Action International did the new It says more than three-hundred-thirty-five-million people lack enough water The people live in twenty-eight Most of the countries are in Africa or the Middle E 这项研究是由美国一家名叫“人口行动”的私立机构进行的。报告说现在世界上有三亿三千五百万人没有足够的水。这些人主要分布在非洲或中东的28个国家。 P-A-I researcher Robert Engelman says by the year 2025， about three-thousand-million people may lack At least 18 more countries are expected to have severe water The demand for water keeps Yet the amount of water on Earth stays the 人口行动组织的研究人罗博特安格曼说，到2025年大约三十亿人缺水。至少还有其他18个国家将可能面临同样严重的水短缺问题。人类对水的需求不断上升，但地球上水的还是保持不变。 M Engelman says the population in countries that lack water is growing faster than in other parts of the He says population growth in these countries will continue to 安格曼先生说，水短缺的�业娜丝谠龀ぢ室�哂谑澜缙渌�厍�娜丝谠龀ぢ省K�顾嫡庑┕�业娜丝诔錾�式�中�龀ぁ? The report says lack of water in the future may result in several It may increase health Lack of water often means drinking waters not M Engelman says there are problems all over the world because of diseases， such as cholera， which are carried in Lack of water may also result in more international Countries may have to compete for water in the Some countries now get sixty percent of their fresh water from other This is true of Egypt， the Netherlands， Cambodia， Syria， Sudan， and I And the report says lack of water would affect the ability of developing to improve their This is because new industries often need a large amount of water when they are 报告表明，在未来，水资源的缺乏可能会导致一些严重的后果。首先它可能会产生更多的健康问题。水资源的缺乏就意味着饮用水不再有保障。安格曼先生说，诸如霍乱等在水中传播的疾病会使世界出现许多问题。水缺乏也会引起更多的国际纷争。各国可能由于水而发动战争。现在有些国家，例如埃及，荷兰，柬埔寨，叙利亚，苏丹和伊拉克等，60%的纯净水是从国外进口的。报告认为水缺乏将影响发展国家发展经济的能力。这是因为新工业在开始阶段经常需要大量的水。 The Population Action International study gives several solutions to the water One way， it says， is to find ways to use water for more than one Another way is to teach people to be careful not to waste A third way is to use less water of 人口行动组织的研究报告为世界的水短缺问题提出了几个解决的办法。第一，找到多用途的用水方法。第二，教育人们不要浪费水资源。第三就是少用农业水。 The report also says long-term solutions to the water problem must include controls on population It says countries cannot provide clean water unless they slow population growth by limiting the number of children people 报告同时表明，控制人口增长是长远解决水缺乏问题不可缺少的措施之一。它说除非各国能通过限制生育来降低人口的增长，否则它们不可能提供干净的水。 Global warming a bigger threat to poor全球变暖加剧贫穷 气候变化急待控制 Global warming， modelled on computer here， kills more people than terrorism Global warming threatens to reverse human progress， and make unachievable all UN targets to reduce poverty(联合国所有减少贫穷的目标)， according to some of the world's leading international and development In a report published today， Oxfam， Greenpeace， Christian Aid， Friends of the Earth， WWF(英国牛津救济委员会、“绿色和平”组织、基督徒互援会、“地球之友”组织、世界野生动物基金组织) and 15 other groups say rich governments must immediately address(致力于) climate change to avoid even "obscene levels(无法忍受的程度)" of worldwide "Food production， water supplies， public health and people's livelihoods are already being damaged and undermined，" the report "There is no either/or approach possible(想找一个‘非此即彼'的办法是不可能的) The world must meet its commitments to achieve poverty reduction and also tackle climate The two are inextricably linked(二者的联系是难解难分的)" The report， which draws on UN predictions of the effects of climate change in poor countries over the next 50 years， says poor countries will experience more flooding， declining food production， more disease and the deterioration or extinction of entire ecosystems(整个生态系统的退化甚至消失) on which many of the world's poorest people "Climate change needs to be addressed The poor will bear the brunt of the The frontline experience of many of us working in international development indicates that communities are having to combat more extreme weather " Climate change will play havoc（大范围的破坏；浩劫） with agriculture and water supplies and will increase "By 2025 the proportion of the world's population living in countries of significant water stress will almost double， to 6 billion Tropical and sub-tropical areas will be hardest hit - those countries already suffering from food insecurity(食品短缺)" Poor communities mostly do not need hi-tech solutions， but would most benefit from education， research and being shown how to farm The report says unchecked global warming(尚未得到抑制的全球变暖)， more than wars or political upheaval(政变)， will displace millions of people and destabilise many
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