16 session of Fifth Plenary Session pointed out that， the construction socialism new countryside is in our country modernization advancement significant Only then speeds up the construction socialism new countryside， can as scheduled realize the comprehensive construction well-off society and the modernized powerful nation grand In which economic agent decision socialism new rural reconstruction success or Has carried on the investigation to the current rural economy development， manifests following present Agricultural structure contradictory still prominent， the industrial production degree is not high; The village level debt bears heavily， restricts the economical development seriously; The agricultural capital rises in prices excessively quickly， alleviated the advancement which the farmer becomes rich; Works the output overall quality to be low， the employment additionally receives ability not to be strong; The country shifts the payment not to be able the full amount arriving， the countryside society enterprise to invest the Has conducted the research to these questions， may take the following countermeasure Speeds up the agricultural structure adjustment step， the advancement agriculture industrial production advancement; Enlarge attract/bid for/invite investments dynamics， advancement industrialization advancement; The force advancement urbanization， speeds up the city and countryside integration advancement; Speeds up the agricultural surplus-labor the shift， cultivates the new economical point of growth; Carries out central in countryside each policy， the promotion economy development， the farmer additionally Key words: New countryside; Economic agent; Agricultural structure; Additionally receiving
History of ChinaThe recorded history of China began in the 15th century BC when the Shang Dynasty started to use markings that evolved into the present Chinese Turtle shells with markings reminiscent of ancient Chinese writing from the Shang Dynasty have been carbon dated to as early as 1500 BC[1] Chinese civilization originated with city-states in the Yellow River (Huang He) 221 BC is commonly accepted to be the year in which China became unified under a large kingdom or In that year， Qin Shi Huang first united C Successive dynasties in Chinese history developed bureaucratic systems that enabled the Emperor of China to control increasingly larger territory that reached maximum under the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty and Manchurian Qing DThe conventional view of Chinese history is that of a country alternating between periods of political unity and disunity and occasionally becoming dominated by foreign peoples， most of whom were assimilated into the Han Chinese Cultural and political influences from many parts of Asia， carried by successive waves of immigration， expansion， and assimilation， merged to create the Chinese Xia DynastyThe historian Sima Qian (145 BC-90 BC) and the account in Chinese the Bamboo Annals date the founding of the Xia Dynasty to 4，200 years ago， but this date has not been The Shang and Zhou people had existed within the Xia Dynasty since the beginning of X They were Xia’s loyal The exact time of the Xia Dynasty is hard to define， but mainly focused on two options， either 431 years or 471 Shang Dynasty Remnants of advanced， stratified societies dating back to the Shang found in the Yellow River VThe earliest discovered written record of China's past dates from the Shang Dynasty in perhaps the 13th century BC， and takes the form of inscriptions of divination records on the bones or shells of animals—the so-called oracle Archaeological findings providing evidence for the existence of the Shang Dynasty， c 1600–1046 BC is divided into two The first set， from the earlier Shang period (c 1600–1300 BC) comes from sources at Erligang， Zhengzhou and S The second set， from the later Shang or Yin (殷) period， consists of a large body of oracle bone Anyang in modern day Henan has been confirmed as the last of the nine capitals of the Shang (c 1300–1046 BC) The Shang Dynasty featured 31 kings， from Tang of Shang to King Zhou of Shang; it was the longest dynasty in Chinese Zhou Dynasty Bronze ritual vessel， Western Zhou DynastyMain article: Zhou DynastyBy the end of the 2nd millennium BC， the Zhou Dynasty began to emerge in the Yellow River valley， overrunning the S The Zhou appeared to have begun their rule under a semi-feudal The Zhou were a people who lived west of Shang， and the Zhou leader had been appointed "Western Protector" by the S The ruler of the Zhou， King Wu， with the assistance of his brother， the Duke of Zhou， as regent managed to defeat the Shang at the Battle of M The king of Zhou at this time invoked the concept of the Mandate of Heaven to legitimize his rule， a concept that would be influential for almost every successive The Zhou initially moved their capital west to an area near modern Xi'an， near the Yellow River， but they would preside over a series of expansions into the Yangtze River This would be the first of many population migrations from north to south in Chinese Spring and Autumn Period Chinese pu vessel with interlaced dragon design， Spring and Autumn PIn the 8th century BC， power became decentralized during the Spring and Autumn Period (春秋时代)， named after the influential Spring and Autumn A In this period， local military leaders used by the Zhou began to assert their power and vie for The situation was aggravated by the invasion of other peoples from the northwest， such as the Qin， forcing the Zhou to move their capital east to L This marks the second large phase of the Zhou dynasty: the Eastern Z In each of the hundreds of states that eventually arose， local strongmen held most of the political power and continued their subservience to the Zhou kings in name Local leaders for instance started using royal titles for The Hundred Schools of Thought (诸子百家，诸子百家) of Chinese philosophy blossomed during this period， and such influential intellectual movements as Confucianism (儒家)， Taoism (道家)， Legalism (法家) and Mohism (墨家) were founded， partly in response to the changing political The Spring and Autumn Period is marked by a falling apart of the central Zhou China now consists of hundreds of states， some only as large as a village with a Warring States PeriodMain article: Warring States PeriodAfter further political consolidation， seven prominent states remained by the end of 5th century BC， and the years in which these few states battled each other are known as the Warring States P Though there remained a nominal Zhou king until 256 BC， he was largely a figurehead and held little real As neighboring territories of these warring states， including areas of modern Sichuan and Liaoning， were annexed， they were governed under the new local administrative system of commandery and prefecture (郡县，郡县) This system had been in use since the Spring and Autumn Period and parts can still be seen in the modern system of Sheng & Xian (province and county， 省县，省县) The final expansion in this period began during the reign of Ying Zheng (嬴政)， the king of Q His unification of the other six powers， and further annexations in the modern regions of Zhejiang， Fujian， Guangdong and Guangxi in 214 BC enabled him to proclaim himself the First Emperor (Qin Shi Huangdi， 秦始皇帝)Qin Dynasty The Terracotta Army of Qin Shi HMain article: Qin DynastyHistorians often refer to the period from Qin Dynasty to the end of Qing Dynasty as Imperial C Though the unified reign of the Qin (秦) Emperor lasted only 12 years， he managed to subdue great parts of what constitutes the core of the Han Chinese homeland and to unite them under a tightly centralized Legalist government seated at Xianyang (咸阳，咸阳) (close to modern Xi'an) The doctrine of legalism that guided the Qin emphasized strict adherence to a legal code and the absolute power of the This philosophy of Legalism， while effective for expanding the empire in a military fashion， proved unworkable for governing it in peace The Qin presided over the brutal silencing of political opposition， including the event known as the burning and burying of This would be the impetus behind the later Han Synthesis incorporating the more moderate schools of political Han Dynasty(206 BC-220 AD) A Han Dynasty incense burner with a sliding The Han Dynasty emerged in 206 BC It was the first dynasty to embrace the philosophy of Confucianism， which became the ideological underpinning of all regimes until the end of imperial C Under the Han Dynasty， China made great advances in many areas of the arts and Emperor Wu (Han Wudi 汉武帝，汉武帝) consolidated and extended the Chinese empire by pushing back the Xiongnu (sometimes identified with the Huns) into the steppes of modern Inner Mongolia， wresting from them the modern areas of Gansu， Ningxia and Q This enabled the first opening of trading connections between China and the West， the Silk RNevertheless， land acquisitions by elite families gradually drained the tax In AD 9， the usurper Wang Mang (王莽) founded the short-lived Xin ("New") Dynasty (新朝) and started an extensive program of land and other economic These programs， however， were never supported by the land-holding families， for they favored the The instability brought about chaos and Emperor Guangwu (光武帝) reinstated the Han Dynasty with the support of land-holding and merchant families at Luoyang， east of Xi' This new era would be termed the Eastern Han D Han power declined again amidst land acquisitions， invasions， and feuding between consort clans and The Yellow Turban Rebellion (黄巾之乱，黄巾之乱) broke out in 184， ushering in an era of In the ensuing turmoil， three states tried to gain predominance in the Period of the Three K This time period has been greatly romanticized in works such as Romance of the Three KJin Dynasty (265–420)Though the three kingdoms were reunited temporarily in 278 by the Jin Dynasty， the contemporary non-Han Chinese (Wu Hu， 五胡) ethnic groups controlled much of the country in the early 4th century and provoked large-scale Han Chinese migrations to south of the Chang J In 303 the Di people rebelled and later captured Chengdu， establishing the state of Cheng H Under Liu Yuan the Xiongnu rebelled near today's Linfen County and established the state of Han Z His successor Liu Cong captured and executed the last two Western Jin Sixteen kingdoms were a plethora of short-lived non-Chinese dynasties that came to rule the whole or parts of northern China in the 4th and 5th Many ethnic groups were involved， including ancestors of the Turks， Mongolians， and T Most of these nomadic peoples had to some extent been "Sinicized" long before their ascent to In fact， some of them， notably the Ch'iang and the Xiong-nu， had already been allowed to live in the frontier regions within the Great Wall since late Han Southern and Northern Dynasties A limestone statue of the Bodhisattva， from the Northern Qi Dynasty， 570 AD， made in what is now modern Henan Main article: Southern and Northern DynastiesSignaled by the collapse of East Jin (东晋，东晋) Dynasty in 420， China entered the era of the Southern and Northern D The Han people managed to survive the military attacks from the nomadic tribes of the north， such as the Xian Bei (鲜卑)， and their civilization continued to In Southern China， fierce debates about whether Buddhism should be allowed to exist were held frequently by the royal court and Finally， near the end of the Southern and Northern Dynasties era， both Buddhist and Taoist followers compromised and became more tolerant of each In 589， Sui (隋) annexed the last Southern Dynasty， Chen (陈，陈)， through military force， and put an end to the era of Southern and Northern DSui DynastyThe Sui Dynasty (隋朝)， which managed to reunite the country in 589 after nearly four centuries of political fragmentation， played a role more important than its length of existence would The Sui brought China together again and set up many institutions that were to be adopted by their successors， the T Like the Qin， however， the Sui overused their resources and Also similar to the Qin， traditional history has judged the Sui somewhat As it has stressed the harshness of the Sui regime and the arrogance of its second emperor， giving little credit for the Dynasty's many positive Tang Dynasty A Chinese Tang Dynasty tri-colored glaze porcelain horse ( 700 AD)Main article: Tang DynastyOn June 18， 618， Gaozu (唐高祖) took the throne， and the Tang Dynasty (唐朝) was established， opening a new age of prosperity and innovations in arts and Buddhism， which had gradually been established in China from the first century， became the predominant religion and was adopted by the imperial family and many of the common Chang'an (长安，长安) (modern Xi'an西安)， the national capital， is thought to have been the world's largest city at the The Tang and the Han are often referred to as the most prosperous periods of Chinese The Tang， like the Han， kept the trade routes open to the west and south and there was extensive trade with distant foreign countries and many foreign merchants settled in CFive Dynasties and Ten KingdomsMain article: Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms PeriodThe period of political disunity between the Tang and the Song， known as the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period (五代十国)， lasted little more than half a century， from 907 to During this brief era， when China was in all respects a multi-state system， five regimes succeeded one another rapidly in control of the old Imperial heartland in northern C During this same time， 10 more stable regimes occupied sections of southern and western China， so the period is also referred to as that of the Ten Kingdoms (十国)Song Dynasty and Liao， Jin， Western Xia Homeward Oxherds in Wind and Rain， by Li Di， 12th centuryMain articles: Song Dynasty， Liao Dynasty， Western Xia， and Jin Dynasty， 1115-1234In 960， the Song Dynasty (960-1279) (宋朝) gained power over most of China and established its capital in Kaifeng (汴京/开封，开封)， starting a period of economic prosperity， while the Khitan Liao Dynasty (契丹族辽国，契丹族辽国) ruled over Manchuria and eastern M In 1115 the Jurchen Jin Dynasty (1115-1234) (女真族金国，女真族金国) emerged to prominence， annihilating the Liao Dynasty in 10 Meanwhile， in what are now the northwestern Chinese provinces of Gansu， Shaanxi， and Ningxia， there emerged a Western Xia Dynasty (西夏) from 1032 up to 1227， established by Tangut Yuan Dynasty Yang Guifei Mounting a Horse， by Qian Xuan (1235-1305 AD)Jurchen tribes' Jin Dynasty， whose names are also rendered "Jin" in pinyin， was defeated by the Mongols， who then proceeded to defeat the Southern Song in a long and bloody war， the first war where firearms played an important During the era after the war， later called the Pax Mongolica， adventurous Westerners such as Marco Polo travelled all the way to China and brought the first reports of its wonders to E In the Yuan Dynasty， the Mongols were divided between those who wanted to remain based in the steppes and those who wished to adopt the customs of the ChineseMing Dynasty Court Ladies of the Former Shu， by Ming painter Tang Yin (1470-1523)Throughout a short-lived Yuan Dynasty， there was strong sentiment， among the populace， against the rule of the foreigners， which finally led to peasant The Mongolians were pushed back to the steppes and replaced by the Ming Dynasty (明朝) in Qing DynastyMain article: Qing DynastyThe Qing Dynasty (清朝， 1644–1911) was founded after the defeat of the Ming， the last Han Chinese dynasty， by the Manchus (满族，满族) The Manchus were formerly known as the Jurchen and invaded from the north in the late seventeenth An estimated 25 million people died during the Manchu conquest of Ming Dynasty (1616-1644)
写作思路：根据历史为主题，以中国为基调来展开描写，紧扣叙述与描写的内容，力求做到不突兀、不生硬，不长篇大论或肆意抒情，有情真意切之感。范文：China， one of the four oldest civilizations in the world， has a written history of 4，000 years and boasts rich cultural relics and historical sites It is the inventor of compass， paper－making， gunpowder and printing The Great中国是世界四大文明古国之一，有着4000年的文字历史，拥有丰富的文物古迹。它是伟大的指南针、造纸、火药和印刷术的发明者。Wall， Grand Canal and Karez irrigation system are three great ancient engineering projects built 2，000 years ago Now they are the symbols of the rich culture of the Chinese nation China has gone over a long history of primitive长城、大运河和坎儿井灌溉系统是建于2000年前的三大古代工程。现在他们是中华民族丰富文化的象征。中国有着悠久的原始文明历史society， slavery society， feudal society and semi－feudal semi－colonial society and the present socialist societyCondensed China is an introduction to Chinese history封建社会、奴隶制社会、封建社会、半殖民地社会。现在的社会主义社会。浓缩中国是中国历史的导论。
