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本科毕业论文开题报告 论文题目the Application and Innovationof Gothicism in Wuthering Heights一、选题的意义和研究现状 1.选题的目的、理论意义和现实意义 长时期以来, 人们视艾米莉•勃朗特为英国文学中的“斯芬克斯”。关于她本人和她的作品都有很多难解之谜, 许多评论家从不同的角度、采用不同的方法去研究, 得出了不同的结论, 因而往往是旧谜刚解, 新谜又出, 解谜热潮似永无休止。 本文立足于欧美文学中的哥特传统研究《呼啸山庄》的创作源泉, 指出艾米莉• 勃朗特在主题、人物形象、环境刻画、意象及情节构造等方面都借鉴了哥特传统, 同时凭借其超乎寻常的想象力, 将现实与超现实融为一体, 给陈旧的形式注入了激烈情感、心理深度和新鲜活力, 达到了哥特形式与激情内容的完美统一, 使《呼啸山庄》既超越了哥特体裁的“黑色浪漫主义”, 又超越了维多利亚时代的“现实主义”, 从而展现出独具一格、经久不衰的艺术魅力。 2.与选题相关的国内外研究和发展概况各民族的文学中都有许多惊险、恐怖的故事, 但似乎没有哪一种文学像英美文学那样不仅创作出数量众多、质量优秀的恐怖文学作品, 而且还形成了一个持续发展、影响广泛的哥特传统( Gothic tradition) 。哥特文学现在已经成为英美文学研究中的一个重要领域。对哥特文学的认真研究开始于20 世纪二三十年代, 到70 年代以后, 由于新的学术思潮和文学批评观念的影响, 该研究出现了前所未有而且日趋高涨的热潮。根据在国际互联网上的搜索, 到2000 年9月为止, 英美等国的学者除发表了大量关于哥特文学的论文外, 还至少出版专著达184部, 其中1970 年以后为126 部, 仅90 年代就达59 部, 几乎占总数的三分之一。当然,近年来哥特文学研究的状况不仅在于研究成果迅速增加, 更重要的是它在深度和广度方面都大为拓展, 并且把哥特传统同英美乃至欧洲的历史、社会、文化和文学的总体发展结合起来。 二、研究方案 1.研究的基本内容及预期的结果(大纲) 研究的基本内容:本文立足于欧美文学中的哥特传统研究《呼啸山庄》的创作源泉, 指出艾米莉• 勃朗特在主题、人物形象、环境刻画、意象及情节构造等方面都借鉴了哥特传统, 同时凭借其超乎寻常的想象力, 将现实与超现实融为一体, 给陈旧的形式注入了激烈情感、心理深度和新鲜活力, 达到了哥特形式与激情内容的完美统一, 使《呼啸山庄》既超越了哥特体裁的“黑色浪漫主义”, 又超越了维多利亚时代的“现实主义”, 从而展现出独具一格、经久不衰的艺术魅力。 预期的结果(大纲): 1.A Survey of Gothic 1 Definition of Gothic 2 the Origin of Gothic Novels 1 Historical R1 Folklore in Germantic N2 Drama in the R3 the Bible and Legends in Christianity 2 Development of the Novel I1 Challenge of Romanticism to R2 Sublime and Beautiful Emily’s Gothic Heritage 1 Theme 1 Good and Evil 2 Revenge 2 Characters Description 1 Villain-hero 2 Delicate Young Girl 3 Atmosphere, Environment and Plot 1 Terror 2 Mystery 3 Supernatural Emily’s Gothic Innovation 1 Combination of romanticism and Realism 1 Change of the Background 2 Use of Symbolism 3 Stream of Consciousness 4 Illusion and Subconsciousness Description of Figure Emotion and Psychology Reference 2.拟采用的研究方法 主要有资料查找、理论探讨研究、阅读法 研究所需条件和可能存在的问题 研究所需条件:纸张、打印设备、图书馆、互联网上获取国内外文献资料; 可能存在的问题:(1)文献不足;(2) 由于个人的观点和能力,使对研究对象分析不够全面和深入。 三、研究进度安排、参考文献及审查意见 1.研究进度安排 (1)论文指导第一周(学期第八周):学生完成初稿。 (2)论文指导第二周(学期第九周):指导教师审阅论文初稿后发回修改。 (3)论文指导第三周(学期第十周):学生交论文第二稿。 (4)论文指导第四周(学期第十一周):指导教师审阅第二稿并发回给学生进一步修改。 (5)论文指导第五周(学期第十二周):定稿 (6)论文指导第六周(学期第十三周):交定稿的打印稿和电子文本。 (7)论文指导第六周(学期第十三周):本周星期五至论文指导第七周(学期第周)星期五,指导教师和评阅教师写评语,学生做好答辩准备。 (8)论文指导第七周(学期第十四周):星期三至论文指导第八周(学期第十五周)开展答辩工作。 应收集资料及主要参考文献(不少于8条) [1] Bronte, C Charlotte Bronte’s preface to the second edition, Wuthering H London: J M Dent Sons L [2] Gerin, W Emily Bronte [M] New York: Oxford University P [3] Marie, Mulvey-R The handbook to gothic literature [A] New York: New York University P [4] Punter, D The Literature of Terror [M] London: L [5] 方平 1993 希望在人间—论〈呼啸山庄〉(《呼啸山庄》译序) [M] 上海译文出版社 第24页 [6] 盖斯凯尔夫人 2000 夏洛蒂•勃朗特传[M] 张淑荣等译 北京: 团结出版社 第11—12页 [7] 肖明翰 英美文学中的哥特传统[J] 外国文学评论第3期 [8] 鲜于静 神秘和怪诞的魅力——福克纳小说《八月之光》的哥特艺术研究[MA] 中国学位论文全文库

英语论文报告模板

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英文论文格式  为直观起见,本要求最附有范例。  英文来稿必须包括英文标题、英文作者名和单位名、英文摘要、英文关键词、中图分类号、正文、参考文献、中文标题、中文作者名和单位名、中文摘要、中文关键词等部分,并建议按此顺序书写。   文章标题 英文标题一般在10个实词以内,最多不超过15个实词,避免使用非公知公用的缩略词、代号等。   作者简介 作者真实姓名,作者单位全称、所在城市、邮编;如有多名作者,在每一作者姓名右上角依次标出与作者单位相对应的序号,如: CHUN Yu 1, DONG Xiao-xue2 (Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081,China; School of Mechatronic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081,China)。中国作者姓名用汉语拼音,姓前名后,姓氏全部字母大写,复姓应连写;名字首字母大写,双名中间加连字符。如:ZHANG Ying-hui。单位名的英译名应为完整的、正规的名称,一般不用缩写。于文章首页地脚处注明第一作者的姓名、出生年、性别、学历、E-mail信箱等。   论文如有涉密问题或已在公开期刊上发表,请在篇首页地脚处注明。   摘要 英文摘要一般为150-180个实词,中文摘要一般在300字以内,中英文摘要应基本一致。其内容应包括研究目的、方法、结果、结论等,禁用“本文”、“作者”、“This paper”等作主语。详见“科技期刊文章摘要的写作要求”。   关键词 每篇文章可选3~8个能反映文章主要内容的单词、词组或术语。英文关键词应与中文关键词相对应。  6.中图分类号 请查《中国图书馆分类法》。   正文 正文篇幅一般希望控制在成书5页(记空格,图表占位)以内。内容力求有创新,论证严谨,语句通顺,文字精炼。  8.文中正体、斜体、黑体字符的用法:  ⑴斜体。变量名称用斜体单字母表示;下标若是由变量转化来的则用斜体;坐标轴(如x,y)和变量(如i,j)用斜体。  ⑵正体。下标由文字转化来的说明性字符用正体;单位、词头用正体,如nm,pF等;几个特殊常量用正体,如e,i,π等。  ⑶黑体。矩阵、矢量名称用黑体表示。  9.图形要求  图中所有线条、文字必须用黑色绘制;用线形或标识符区分;不得有背景;  图中线条须清晰、均匀,刻度线向内侧画,并且间隔应均匀;  图中坐标线粗5磅,曲线宽度为坐标线宽度的3倍;  10.表格要求 表格采用三线表,表头中使用物理量符号/单位,如下例:  x/cm I/mA v/(m•s-1) h/m p/MPa  10 30 5 4 110  11.参考文献 来稿引用他人观点与材料,须将参考文献按正文中出现的先后次序列于文后,文中须在引用处右上角加注“[序号]”。中文参考文献必须列出相应的英文,并在后面加注“(in Chinese)”。引文作者姓名均为姓前名后,最多标3名,余下用“et ”代表。  著录格式为:(按不同析出物分类说明)  [连续出版物] 主要作者.题名[J] .刊名,年,卷(期):起止页码.  [专著] 主要作者.书名[M] .出版地(城市名):出版者,出版年.起止页码.  [译著] 主要作者.书名[M] .译者.出版地(城市名):出版者,出版年.起止页码.  [论文集] 主要作者.题名[A] .编者.论文集名[C] .出版地(城市名):出版者,出版年.起止页码.  [会议论文] 主要作者.题名[Z] .会议名称,会议召开地(城市名),召开年.  [学位论文] 作者.题名[D] .所在城市:保存单位,年份.  [研究报告] 主要作者.题名[R] .报告代码及编号(或:保存地点:责任单位),年份.  [报纸] 作者名.文章名[N].报纸名,出版日期(版次).  [电子文献] 作者.题名[EB/OL] .………,发表或更新日期/引用日期.  [专利] 申请者.专利名[P] .专利国名:专利号,发布日期.  [技术标准] 技术标准代号,技术标准名称[S] .  投稿模拟样本  New Imaging Spectrometric Method for Rotary Object  CHUN Yu 1, DONG Xiao-xue2  ( Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Information Science  and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081,  China; School of Mechatronic Engineering, Beijing  Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081,China)  Abstract: A new technique for imaging spectrometer for rotary object based on  computed-tomography is A discrete model of this imaging spectrometric  system is established, which is accordant to actual measurements and convenient  for In computer simulations with this method, projections of the  object are detected by CCD while the object is rotating, and the original spectral  images are numerically reconstructed from them by using the algorithm of  computed- Simulation results indicate that the principle of the method  is correct and it performs well for both broadband and narrow-band spectral    Key words: aerodynamic characteristics; stealth characteristics; numerical calculation; polarization  CLC number:TP2  引言(不编入章节号)  **************************************************************************************************************************************************************  1 ******************  1 *****************  1 *****************  2 ******************  3 ******************  ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************  (1)  该论文为涉密论文,不宜公开张贴或发表  该论文已公开发表  Biography CHUN Yu(1963—),professor,PD,   *********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************  ******************************************************************************  ******************************************************************************  ******************************************************************************  ******************************************************************************  ******************************************************************************  ******************************************************************************  n f0/MHz R/Ω VSWR BW/% L/cm  line 955 4 36 4 0  0 804 7 56 0 0  1 750 8 73 3 6  2 706 6 0 7 2  3 670 6 17 4 8  4 642 1 37 38 4  References:  [1] Schölkopf B, Burges C J C, Smola A J Advances in kernel methods – Support vector learning [M] Cambridge,MA: MIT Press,   [2] Hearst M A, Schölkopf B, Dumais S, et Trends and controversies – Support vector machines [J] IEEE Intelligent Systems, 1998,13(4):18-  [3] Eric C Hacker’s attack analyze and defense[M] Su Lei Beijing: Publishing House of Electronics Industry,  [4] Burges C J C Geometry and invariance in kernel based methods[A] Burges C, Smola A Advance in Kernel Methods—Support Vector Learning[C] Cambridge, MA: MIT Press,  [5] Cun L Y, Jackel L D, Bottou L, et Comparison of learning algorithms for handwritten digit recognition [Z] ICANN’95, Nanterre, France,   [6] Chang C C, Lin C J LIBSVM: A library for support vector machines [EB/OL] ~cjlin/libsvm, 2001-06-19/2002-03-  [7] Swanson R S, Musa S The estimation of obstacle and terrain clobber probabilities[R] AIAA 75-1118,  [8] Young S, Kershaw D, Odell J, et The HTK Book (version 0) [R] Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press,   [9] GJB 8-90, Method of initiating explosive device test, accelerated life test, method of the test at 71℃[S] (in Chinese)  [10] White S A Tracking filter and quadrature-phase reference generator[P]USP: 5491725,1996-01-  [11] Jia Y A study on micro quartz angular rate sensor[D] Beijing: Department of Optical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, (in Chinese)
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英语论文开题报告范文 function and application of descriptive translation studies 1 introduction the intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of descriptive translation studies as in its application in translation practice and translation since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical from then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for among these schools is descriptive translation studies (dts) dts approaches translation from an empirical translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural my attention was first directed to dts by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and the subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target the method of dts is basically the prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is translation phenomena are noted with accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation i will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this a convenient tool has been set up to conduct “norm” is operative at every stage of description and function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of the case taken in this thesis is the chinese classic the dream of red two english versions translated respectively by yang hsien-yi and david hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation in this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, i hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of 2 outline 1 development and major concepts of dts in this part i will describe holms’ basic map of dts and the relationship between function, process and i will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation, multiple translation, translationese, norm 2 methodolgy i will in this part discuss the methodology of dts before i apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept 3 dts in contrast to other theories a contrast study will be conducted here with the objective to find the difference of dts from other theories such as equivalence theory and the chinese xin da ya some advantage will possibly be shown in this 4 case study in this part, translation of the dream of red mansions (also translated as the story of the stone) will be under investigation in light of translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at 5 conclusion based on the above elaboration of dts and the case study, possible conclusion will be on the advantage of dts in specific study of suggestions on further research efforts will be made (note: while the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of ) 0 000
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