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跨文化管理研究论文范文初中

221 评论(12)

milerwoxiang

唉唉,跨文化交际的“研究”势头很猛啊。居然有这么多在校的本科生或研究生关注这一话题,无论是出于自身发展的需要还是毕业的需要。倒也是,学语言就是学文化,只要你学英语你就是在从事跨文化交际活动。问题是你从事跨文化交际活动未必是在搞跨文化研究啊。哦,我也知道说这些没用。于是乎我本着为英语学习者服务到底的态度,打算凭自己的经验为有此需要但却无所适从的朋友们专门写些指南类的东西,以不负这些朋友对我的信任。今天谈第一个相关问题,就是怎么写这方面的论文。 [1] 经验“论文”:比如说你是一名教师,校里要开个教学经验交流会,你就可以按汉语的行文方式来写。先盖个帽,说跨文化交际对教学这般这般重要,你在教学中啊从几个具体方面着手去体现这种跨文化交际教学的思想,结果哩,反响不错,取得了什么什么样的成绩,最后发表一下感想和畅想就成了。这样的论文实际上不叫论文,叫感想或者工作总结。遗憾的是有许多人把这种感想也拿出来公开发表。换句话说,这第一种“论文” 是垃圾,这样的论文一出来,懂行的人就知道你跟本就不懂什么是科研,什么叫论文。要想避免写出这种层次的论文,首先就要丰富自己的相关理论知识,知道国内外在这方面都有哪些研究,研究到了什么地步,还有哪些研究得不够得由你去研究等等。否则你就只能通篇用“我觉得”“我的经验表明”这样苍白的字眼来遮羞,或者用八荣八耻来凑字。不知道我说明白没。 [2] 本科生毕业论文:这是网友们要求我给以帮助要求得最多的方面了,那我就好好说说。首先,一句感慨:本科生能写出什么论文啊?哦,我不是瞧不起本科生噢,只是以事论事。记得三年前我在一个英语聊天室请教过几位海外华人朋友有关论文写作的问题,他们给我的第一句话也是这样:“研究生能写出什么论文啊?”由于我不是博士,所以我就只能厚着脸皮站在硕士的高度给各位提建议了。好,现在我们来做双向思考:本科生写不出什么论文来。原因在于,这四年来不都是在学英语么,没谁给讲过怎么搞科研怎么写论文啊,就是讲了,不也没时间搞么,不是四级就是八级,再不就是口笔译证书、二外、考研等等,忙完了这些,不还得找找工作什么的啊?理由很充足,写不出来正常,写得好就不正常。换个角度来思考:为什么本科生要设个毕业论文呢?简单啊,你已具备了运用英语的基本能力,你的下一步发展必然要向某个专业化方向发展啊。毕业论文便是为你向专业化发展所做的一个铺垫性的工作,让你先了解一下专业化工作的基本程序。嗯,这么一分析我估计你就会明白,学校对你的论文的期望值不高或者说不会是很高。至于怎么个写法,你得接着往下读,哈哈。 [3] 职称论文:本科毕业后,不管你从事什么样的职业,只要你要评职称,就得发表论文,省级的或者是国家级的。以教师系列论,助理讲师—讲师—副教授—教授这四个档对论文的要求也不一样。不过,这样的论文是最好写的,国家级的要求有科研及论文写作真本事,在这里就不必谈了,你要是能写这类论文,就不会在这里读我的文章。而省级的论文哩,也很好写的。这类论文啊,可以大致再细分为三类:(1)科研类(我要讲的便以它为导向),用真实的科研数据从事前沿性的研究,是真正的论文;(2)盗版类,盗取他人的科研成果为已所用(有的直接把文章拿过来换一下作者名就发,有的是从三篇同题论文中各取三分之一拼凑而成,有的则要辛苦点把外文译成汉语再标明为自己原创),这类论文大多瞒不过教授或专家的火眼金晴,但瞒一些校报编辑则游刃有余,其是也谈不上什么瞒,毕竟你所写的东西除了可以用于评职外,实际上没几个人会看的,版权问题自然也不用担心。(3)自修类,并不是很懂科研,但自学过一些论文写作方面的东西,也可以搞点儿研究或者说是编点儿研究,按照论文的格式来写,虽谈不上有什么学术价值,但至少是自己闭门造车写成的,也算是对得起良心。所以说啊,搞懂了写作思路,权衡一下自己的实力,也就知道怎么去写这类论文了。我个人觉得这类论文最难写的地方不在其内容本身,而在于其严格的字数要求及各学报自成一体的格式要求。对于这一类论文的质量问题,我有一条根深蒂固的主观评判标准,那就是给你钱发表的是优质论文,你付钱发表的是良、可、劣质论文。我知道这一标准是不正确的,但我坚持。由此看来,我到目前为止所发表的全不是优质论文,但有优质译文,所以我觉得对我个人的发展而言,写论文不如搞翻译。 [4] 研究生论文:研究生论文之不同于本科生论文的地方在于它的正规化与专业化,至少也得由一年的时间来认真完成。而它不同于科研类职称论文的地方则在于它缺少真正的科研支持。研究生就象是个书生,搞得多是纸上谈兵的事儿。当然,受过名师指点的研究生另当别论,只可惜现在研究生与导师比例失调,想得到悉心的指点有点儿不切实际。比较实际的做法啊,就是写二手论文,至于什么是二手论文,我在后面会详细提及。 [5] 博士论文:没写过,无可奉告。 找到自己的位置了么?我喜欢写的是我的分类中的科研类职称论文,因此在后续的文章中我会按这一标准来介绍跨文化交际论文的写法,你可以以这种正规的写法做参照点,然后去实现你自己的目的。
147 评论(10)

DerekGinger

Chinese and Western cultural differences in the performance of every aspect of daily life from the greeting 、 term diet and cultural differences in the way of thinking in the abstract, such as differences everywhere, from the West focus on the following colors to express the difference between Chinese and Western cultural differences in areas such as a wedding First, in the West to express the color difference Different colors in different languages is not expressed in the same The representative of China in a sense, the West has a meaning that even the "color" to understand the meaning of the (A) red (red) Whether in China or in the English-speaking countries, often in red and festive celebrations or day- Calendar, red font used these days, therefore, red letter day: refers to the "Day" or "happy " It also refers to the red "liabilities" or "loss" because people are always negative in red to So there are these phrases: red figure deficit in the red loss In common with the Chinese "red" words, translated into English, may not necessarily use the "red" for example:   brown sugar brown sugar red wine red wine (B) yellow Yellow in English and Chinese in the extended meaning of the differences are In English, yellow can be said that the "timid, cowardly, despicable," meaning, for example: a yellow dog despicable, cowardly people a yellow livered coward Chinese yellow symbol of the term is sometimes vulgar, vulgar and obscene, indecent indecency means, such as yellow film, erotica, yellow CD, and so These in the name of "yellow" in English and "yellow" has nothing to However, in another English word blue is the color used to indicate the kind of meaning in Chinese, such as the blue jokes (dirty joke), blue films (yellow film) Second, the cultural differences in Western wedding First of all, in Western wedding culture and the first in the West in thinking about the differences: the Chinese people more conservative, like excitement, more old-fashioned thinking, so in the history of China for thousands of years the entire wedding customs did not change The thinking in the West is more open to the requirements of the wedding will be lower, they will be the climax of the wedding in the church: the sacred as the "wedding march" into the red carpet, Jiao Mei's father, the bride linked hands Rose walked slowly to the groom, the bride's father, daughter to the groom's hand on hand, her daughter's life will be entrusted to the groom, all eyes followed the couple, filled with well-being in their Second, the result of cultural differences wedding in the West because the West in a different China is mainly Buddhist, but the West is mainly C Therefore, the Western wedding is to be held in the church and the priest is Zhuhun R China's traditional customs of the most important part of the Bai Tiandi is, the worship heaven and earth even after the ceremony has 中西方文化差异表现在方方面面,从日常生活的打招呼用语、饮食文化等差异到思维方式等抽象方面的差异无所不在,下面着重从中西方颜色表达的差异,中西方婚礼文化差异等方面阐述。 一、中西方颜色表达的差异 不同颜色在不同语言中表达的方式并不一样。在中国代表一种意义,在西方又表示一种涵义,甚至对“颜色”的涵义理解恰恰相反。(一)red(红色)无论是在英语国家还是在中国,红色往往与庆祝活动或喜庆日子有关。日历中,这些日子常用红色字体,因此,red letter day:指的是“纪念日”或“喜庆的日子”。红色还指“负债”或“亏损”,因为人们总是用红笔登记负数。于是就有了这些词组:red figure赤字 in the red亏损汉语中常用的带“红”字的词语,翻译成英语,可不一定用“red”例如: 红糖brown sugar 红酒red wine (二) yellow黄色在英语和汉语中的引申含义差别比较大。英语中,yellow可以表示“胆小、卑怯、卑鄙”的意思,例如:a yellow dog 可鄙的人,卑鄙的人a yellow livered 胆小鬼汉语中黄色一词有时象征低级趣味、色情庸俗、下流猥亵的意思,如黄色电影、黄色书刊、黄色光碟等等。这些名称中的“黄”与英语中的“yellow”无关。然而,英语中另一个颜色词blue却常用来表示汉语中这类意思,如blue jokes(下流的玩笑), blue films(黄色电影)等。 二、中西方婚礼文化差异 首先,中西方婚礼文化差异首先和中西方人在思维方面的差异有关:中国人比较保守,喜欢热闹,思维较古板,所以在中国历史几千年的时间里整个婚礼的习俗并没有多大的变化。而西方人的思想则比较开放,对于婚礼的要求也比较低,他们婚礼的高潮则是在教堂中:随着神圣的《婚礼进行曲》步入鲜红的地毯,娇美的新娘挽着父亲手捧玫瑰慢慢向新郎走去,新娘的父亲将女儿的手放在新郎的手上,将女儿的一生托付给新郎,所有人的目光注视着这对新人,幸福洋溢在他们的脸上。其次,造成中西方婚礼文化差异的原因是中西方不同的宗教。中国是以佛教为主,而西方则是基督教为主的。所以西方的婚礼是在教堂中举行而主婚人则是神甫。中方的传统婚俗中的最重要环节就是拜天地,拜了天地以后就算是礼成了。
210 评论(10)

landinnn

朋友,从你这标题来看:奢侈衣服品牌的跨文化管理,应该不好写议论文的。如果你在企业上班,这类题目应该写报告或者规划管理。因为议论文三要素论点,论据,论证。你这标题里突出的是管理,你无法用论据来论证你的论点。如果是辩论会,还有情可原。而你又要写5000字。个人认为写报告文学好一些。
334 评论(10)

2298225132

Western novels in comparison First, Western novels in the history of the development of Western novels are based on myths and legends of its In ancient times, science developed, out of fear of nature, the working people out of the imagination is the key to many of the world "God", describing the personification of God is a myth; who will describe the deified, that is China opened the world's Pan story, the story of San Juan Five Emperors, the West Greek mythology, Roman mythology, Norse mythology, and so on are all typical East and West, the original novel, is closely linked with the history, as historical records complement the China Pre-Qin prose in the fable, the Han dynasty in the history books, biographies, the Wei and Jin Zhi, Zhi-person novel; the West of ancient Babylon, "the United States and Ji Jia disabilities epic", in ancient Greece, "Homer's epic," "Aesop's Fables "And so on, fall into this category, fiction, novels such novels have been about the characteristics of fiction, it is still not the literary creation, directly from the private collection record, so this type of fiction plot is relatively simple, writing rough Ban Gu said, "On the Street Lane words, hearsay are made of" is a novel kind of accurate assessment of the China's Tang Dynasty, the novel is only from history and literature become a Tang Dynasty culture has developed, the author's ideas are more open, the legend came into being at this time, Li Zhaowei "Liu Yi Chuan", Po Chu's "Everlasting Regret," Wolf's "Everlasting Regret Chuan" And so on, are made in accordance with the creation of the For the fictional story of the Tang Dynasty more emphasis on imagination and literary talent, not just the history of the nature of things, but as the history of Zhi Zhi who is also the novel did not The Legend of the Song Dynasty to the novel on a gradual decline, which followed the rise of this so that after processing will become a scholar so many novel and Romance novels such as "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Outlaws of the Marsh", "Journey to the W" The author of such novels is the use of private creative and re-created to describe the circumstances of the touching scenes of brilliant and vivid active in shaping the character known, there are obvious story-telling style of Here by the redevelopment, it will become an independent literary creation rather than things to come together with the civil process, the representative of this type is the "Golden Lotus", it was an open and ordinary life on the road, the reality is that literature has come a long way The development of the latter's "A Dream of Red Mansions" in ancient China Geng Shiba realism to the novels of the "54" after the novelist began to learn from China's western fiction writing practices, and gradually out a new Western novels, is the "Renaissance" after the rapid development of The development of the Middle Ages novel near-stagnation in the West, 14, the end of the century "Renaissance" to overthrow the literature of the Church of control, 15, appeared in the western end of the century to promote freedom of thought and the liberation of personality in order to describe the reality of life and portray characters from all walks of life for the content of the Humanist novels, is to tie in with this type of novel anti-feudal Europe at the time of arising at the same time it also set the novel in the West to human describing the tone of the main Jiaqiu Italy's "Decameron", Spain's Cervantes "Don Quixote" is the kind of representative works of The resulting novel is a classical, elegant favor of its national language to standardize the writing of this novel in 17th century France's most well- As a note on behalf of Corneille's "Cid" neoclassical story of the rise of Western novels have been a language substantially The beginning of the 18th century to promote popular science knowledge, enlightenment of the public consciousness for the purpose of the Enlightenment novels, of which there are relatively well-known German Goethe's "Faust", the United Kingdom Defoe's "Robinson Crusoe" and the Swift "Gulliver's Travels" and so on, this type of novel to the emergence of the bourgeois revolution at the time to mold public In the 19th century, romantic fiction, realistic novels and critical realism novel turn to occupy the leading position in the field of Romantic novels, such as France Victor Hugo's "Notre Dame de Paris", Goethe's "juvenile Witt of trouble" and so on, imaginative, unusual ideas, language and imaginative, strong Efforts to reflect the reality of the novel is the essence of life, and depict typical life of a typical phenomenon in the United Kingdom Dickens, France and Germany are of such novels as a representative of the Critical realism novels exposed the efforts of the decadent feudal system and capitalist society, the dark, in-depth criticism of the reality of evil, France Balzac and Maupassant, the United Kingdom of Charlotte, Bronte, Russia's Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, the United States of a large number of writers such as Mark Twain's works belong to this Value today, the three novels in the West is still the most important of the three types of literary East-West novel on the history of the development of more or less the Second, the characteristics of the novel in the West In addition to the basic characteristics of the novel, the story of the West also have their own characteristics are as follows: 1, the traditional Chinese novel attention to the characters, language and the details of the description, in contradiction to the conflict to display the images, but the character of a single, small changes in the absence of the main Western novels are more people pay attention to the psychological description, stressed that mining figure in the subconscious mind, good at writing full, the changes in the strong sense of the main Again, "coach Lin Feng Snow Mountain Temple" in the figure is only through dialogue and action leads to contradictions and conflicts, but Anna Karenina Wogui before a series of conflicts only with his description of the psychological will be able to express their clear; for poetry in Lin In the performance of her literary talent, and Paul with his inner monologue of the ideal; Zhang Zhong-Yong has only the character, but Jane Eyre's character is the brave, strong, warm, kind-hearted, and so many of the character and rubbing and Cheng' In short, people in the area described in the West has its own unique 2, China compared with Western fiction novel plot twists and turns more and more complete Plot twists and turns, the story is complete fiction China's unique traditional The Wei and Jin Zhi Zhi people on the novel twists and turns with vivid Tang legend in the layout of many of the famous, magnificent anomaly, rigorous and clever, dramatic plot The contents of the Ming and Qing Dynasties novels scattered irregular, undulating waves, Cuoluoyouzhi, careful structure, an integral "A Dream of Red Mansions", everywhere She Fu, Hui turning point, the story of Jia's best Western plot in respect of the outstanding works, although there are many, but it can not be compared with the Chinese 3, concise and lively Chinese language novel, rich in content and rich Western Chinese folk artists absorbed the novel language, at the same time inherited the fine traditions of ancient prose, often a few words will be able to outline the incident or the Western novels in the author includes a broad range of knowledge, involve the community in many ways, so rich in content and rich people can gain knowledge in many Engels said he was in Balzac's novel about 19th century France's domestic situation than he received any reports are Western novels have different characteristics, and also in the West different aesthetic concepts to a certain extent 4, Western novels have been the rule of the feudal culture of oppression Chinese feudal culture makes the development of the novel is extremely difficult, Ming and Qing Dynasties more people to write stories for shame, so many great writers living, creating the conditions are not covered, many of the great works of authors who do not Western novels in the feudal culture makes almost the whole of the Middle Ages in the development of extremely slow, and many talented writers were forced to church services, wrote some of the religious nature of the article dry Third, Western novels in the future prospects for the development of End of the Qing Dynasty, China and the West have begun to understand the other side of the system, the advantages of the novel in the West have been constantly learn from each Of course, due to historical reasons, the Chinese side of the draw a little To this day, the novelist in the West efforts are still two researchers in the novel's artistic charm, although the different languages of each other's appreciation of the arts to a certain extent, but the United States are We have every reason to believe that in the near future, the novel art in the West will ultimately learn from each other and integrate, develop and reach new artistic References: "Foreign Literature" Shanghai Translation Publishing House Zhou Xu Liang "Contemporary Literature election," Zhang Zhong, such as Beijing University Publishing House "Chinese literature history of the development of" Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House Liu Jie "Literary History of Europe" People's Literature Publishing House Yangzhou Han Wu Da-yuan Zhao Rui radish "Three high school language textbook used by the five dates of the" People's Education Press仅供参考,请自借鉴。希望对您有帮助。
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