与其他文体相比，英治议论文的结构一般较为固定，有下列几个部分组成提出需要议论的议题；摆出正反两方面的观点；表明作者持何种态度；论证自己观点的正确性从而使读者接受自己的观点；小结。在具体写作中要注意下列几点议题的提出要开门见山，不要拖泥带水，啰啰唆唆正反两方面的观点一般都要摆出，有时也有只强调一种观点的，那么这就等于将上述第二点和第三点合在一起了作者的观点必须鲜明，不能模棱两可论证自己的观点是议论文的最关键的部分。论证手段与英语说明文中的一些写作手法相同，常用的有罗列法、举例法、因果法、比较法等等。对于较长的英语议论文还可以在文章结尾时对全文要点作一小结。下面这篇学生作文是较为典型的一篇英语议论文Should Examination Be Abolished （取消）？The examination system has come to be the main theme （主题）of modern One should take an examination andsucceed in passing it before he could be admitted， promoted or As it plays so important a role in the realm of education （教育的领域） it is under much criticism （评论） as to its validity （有效性） People who are in favour of it try to develop this system more； those who are against it believe that such a system should be Should examination be abolished？ In my opinion it should Many people think that an examination is the only means to test knowledge， but， in fact， that is not A few questions given in an examination could by no means cover the whole field of the Thus those who are able to answer them may be the poorest of the students and yet happen to know just a few points about that I'd like to say that， because of the existence of the examination system， students pay so much attention to gaining high marks， that they often forget the chief purpose of The so-called clever students devote （贡献） themselves to the study of textbooks They， of course， know nothing but the skeleton （梗概） of The end and aim of education， however， is to enable students to learn how to To do this， students must get themselves to do all kinds of training， physicalas well as The present examination system has discouraged students from making such an Moreover， since the students try so hard to put their lessons into memory in as short a time as possible， psychologically （心理上来看）， they soon forget the whole subject as soon as the examination is Surely this is one of the greatest wastes ever made in the history of Lastly， in order to get high marks， there is a great temptation （诱惑） for students to cheat （作弊） in an Indeed， such a practice becomes the means to the They cheat their teachers， their parents and also Such a tendency would impair （损害） our moral standards （道德标准） Therefore， I am of the opinion， in conclusion， that the examination system should be
常见的四六级作文类型有九种，分别是解决问题型、对比选择型、说明利弊型、原因现象型、图表型、图片型、阐述主题或名言型、介绍型和信件型。下面给你分享一下这九种常见类型的写作结构及模板：一、解决问题型问题现状怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)总结自己的看法In recent days， with the development of the society， we have to face the problem——， which is becoming more and more First， ——(说明问题的现状)，Second， ——(举例进一步说明现状)Confronted with——， we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this For one thing，——(解决方法一) For another，—— (解决方法二) Finally，——(解决方法三)Personally， I believe that the solution of the problem is——(我的解决方法) Consequently， I'm confident that a bright future is awaiting us because ——(带来的好处)二、对比选择型列出不同观点总结自己的观点When it comes to the issue that —— ， different people hold different The issue whether it is good or not to—— has aroused a heated discussion all over the Some contend that——（观点一） For one thing——（原因一） For another——（原因二） In spite of all these claims， others maintain that——（观点二） They point out that——（原因一） Another instance often cited is that——（原因二）It’s no easy task to find a satisfactory answer to the As far as I am concerned， there's some truth to both It's advisable to——because——三、说明利弊型说明事物现状，引出话题事物本身的优缺点(或一方面)你对现状(或前景)的看法The topic of —— has aroused wide concern among the People have different perspectives towards this Some people hold the view that —— Generally its advantages can be seen as First， ——(优点一) Besides，——(优点二)But every coin has two The negative aspects are also One of the important disadvantage is that——(缺点一) To make matters worse，—— (缺点二)Through the above analysis， I firmly believe that the advantages apparently outweigh the disadvantages Therefore， I would like to—— (我的看法) Only in this way can we——(对前景的预测)四、原因现象型引出话题段分析这件讨论的原因结尾措施段The topic of（主题）has triggered an avalanche of mixed reactions and debates not only in real life but in the network， which boils down to how valued it is to modern Some factors can account for this phenomenon， and the following are the most conspicuous First and foremost， ——（原因一） What’s more， ——（原因二） Eventually，——（原因三）From my point of view， it is time to take some emergency At the individual level， we should effectively enforce our ability to discipline ourselves and（主题）through practices in every ordinary moment of our Only the measures step by step are performed， can make our society 五、图表型描述图表内容分析原因总结提出倡议It is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number of —— has undergone dramatic It has gone up/dropped considerably in recent At the point of ——， —— reaches its peak value of(多少)What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are (多少) reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/ First of all，——(原因一) More importantly，——(原因二) Most important of all，——(原因三)From the above discussions， we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near The trend described in the graphic/table will continue for quite a long As for me， it is advisable to——六、图片型描述图片内容分析图片意义措施总结段I was profoundly shocked / moved by what I have seen in this picture/ cartoon which is so interesting / educational and As is apparently demonstrated in the drawing above，——(描述图画内容)Obviously/Evidently， the drawing mirrors a current phenomenon about(主旨)is both inspiring and thought- There're numerous reasons why it is and I would like to explore the most typical For one thing， ——（原因一） For the other， there are an increasing number of people who are not realizing (主旨)is indispensable to us（原因二）As far as I am concerned， the lack of (主旨词) will lead to the terrible effect of public moral and irredeemable financial losses， and even building harmonious society will become an empty There are some immediate measures that should be taken before it's too On one hand， ——（措施一）On the other hand， ——（措施二）Only when these steps are carried out can we succeed in solving the problem， and make our world colorful and 七、阐述主题或名言型阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义分析并举例使其更充实总结自己的观点The good old proverb—— (名言或谚语) reminds us that—— (释义) Indeed， we can learn many things form First of all， ——(理由一) For example——(举例说明) Secondly， ——(理由二) Another case is that——(举例说明) Furthermore，——(理由三)In my opinion，—— (我的观点) In short， whatever you do， please remember the saying——(重申该名言或转述) If you understand it and apply it to your study or work， you’ll necessarily benefit a lot from 八、介绍型对对方的到来表示欢迎介绍吸引人的文化和景点期待对方到来I am excited to know that you are going to visit my hometown/campus/country and I am looking forward to see you I cherished everything that happened when I visited your hometown/campus/country，so it’s my turn to accept you To be sure， I will make your stay enjoyable and Firstly，——(介绍文化) What’s more，——（介绍景点一） And finally， ——（介绍景点二）I’m sure you will very enjoy about all these cultural attractions， and a bunch of interesting activity is waiting for us to participate Just pack up and go， I will assure you a wonderful By the way， if you have any question or suggestion， please contact I am looking forward to your 九、信件型说明写信目的解释原因希望收到回复Dear Sir /Executive/Manager，(或题目给出的人名)I am____ This letter is to serve as my recommendation for——/ job application for——/ thanks for——/ complaint for——/ inquiry about——/ application for——I will explain the reasons for—— Firstly，—— Meanwhile， —— In short，——If you have any questions， please inform me directly， and I will do my best to reply Your prompt reply would be genuinely Yours sincerely，xxx希望能够帮助到你！
