Information literacy Knowing how to find data from several sources， select relevant material， analyse and organise it into a form that can be used to make Computers have become the tools people use to access and manage Information technologists are people who analyse and design the What is a computer? Tradition definitions of computers include �6�1 A machine that accepts data and processes it into use �6�1 A computer is a binary， digital， electronic， stored program �6�1 While a computer is commonly a digital machine， analogue machine do An electronic device， operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory unit， that can accept data (input)， process data arithmetically and logically， produce results (output) from the processing and stores results for future Many computers receive and send data (communicate) across networks LAN and W A computer system consists of hardware and What is hardware? Hardware Hardware is physical devices or components that can be physically handled – you can thou Input Devices Input devices convert data that humans collect into coded electrical signals that a computer can The central processing unit The electronic processing takes place in the CPU The CPU consists of �6�1 A control unit that controls all of the computer’s functions and an �6�1 Arithmetic and logical unit (ALU) that performs any calculation Memory Memory holds all programs and What is RAM currently open? Data (notes) Word processor OS Output devices Output devices convert the computer’s electronic signals back into information Secondary storage devices These devices store programs and data The programs and data are not necessarily (or likely to be) in current E DVD CD Communication devices These devices enable a computer to connect to another List the six different type of hardware? Secondary storage(external)， input， processor， output ， memory， C Name eight pieces of hardware USB， keyboard， monitor， screen， RAM， ROM， VDU， M The system unit and peripheral devices The system unit is the computer Peripheral devices are any devices around the outside， or in other words， plugged into the (back of) the Peripheral devices include the key board， mouse， printer， joy stick and Peripheral devices are any devices around the outside， or in other words， plugged into the (back of) the Peripheral devices include the keyboard， mouse， printer， joy stick and What else does a computer have? Software Software is a computer program ，which is a detailed set of instructions that directs a computer to perform the tasks necessary to process data into These instructions are written in languages that computer can Software includes computer games， a word processing packing， an accounting package， amongst Definition of a computer system �6�1 A computer system is the configuration of hardware and software， functioning together， to process data into useful information， in order to achieve a purpose for a human What is data? �6�1 Data is raw facts， be they numbers， words， images and sounds， that can be input into a Mary a name is a piece of data What is information? �6�1 Information is processed data， that has meaning and is John is a list of names who scored an A grade on an exam John A Chai A Pam A Commodore $23 500 Magna $21 500 Falcon $19 800 The system unit contains the �6�1 Motherboard �6�1 CPU �6�1 Memory �6�1 Other electronics It is where the computer program instructions are executed and the data is manipulatedThe Processor CPU The CPU interprets and carries out basic instructions that operate the computer， the CPU contain the �6�1 Control unit and the �6�1 Arithmetic logic unit Control unit The control unit directs and coordinates the computer’s For every single instruction， the control unit repeats four basic operations， �6�1 Fetching �6�1 Decoding �6�1 Executing �6�1 Storing CPU speed The CPU’s speed may be measured in MIPS The number of millions of instructions per second Arithmetic/logic unit The ALU performs all calculations， which involve �6�1 Arithmetic operations 2+3 �6�1 Comparison operations age>=17 �6�1 Logical operations pass Processing instructions A CPU may begin executing a second machine cycle before completing the first-referred to as Current CPU’s can pipeline up to 4 Storage within the CPU Registers temporarily hold data and The computer’s clock A System clock is necessary to control the timing of all computer Each tick of the clock is referred to as a clock Clock speed is the speed at which a processor executes A hertz is one cycle per second and a megahertz is 1024 by1024 and a gigahertz is 1024 by 1024 Memory Memory is the temporary storage place for data and (program) Memory is measured in �6�1 Kilobytes 1024 bytes 2^10 �6�1 Megabytes 1024* 1024 bytes 2^20 �6�1 Gigabytes 1024*1024*1024 bytes 2^30 Representation of data Digital computers are built from many small electronic Each circuit， at any point of time can be turned OFF or ON Hence these devices are called two state Binary Digit 0and 1 Each off or on digital value is called a bit， short for binary A 1 bit computer would be able to distinguish between two values-characters， symbols or Hardly sufficient for the characters on the keyboard Bits Characters 1 2 2 4 3 8 4 16 5 32 6 64 7 128 8 256
What Is Grid Storage? Based on current and proposed products， it appears that a grid storage system should include the following: Modular storage arrays: These systems are connected across a storage network using serial ATA The systems can be block-oriented storage arrays or network-attached storage gateways and Common virtualization layer: Storage must be organized as a single logical pool of resources available to Data redundancy and availability: Multiple copies of data should exist across nodes in the grid， creating redundant data access and availability in case of a component Common management: A single level of management across all nodes should cover the areas of data security， mobility and migration， capacity on demand， and Simplified platform/management architecture: Because common management is so important， the tasks involved in administration should be organized in modular fashion， allowing the autodiscovery of new nodes in the grid and automating volume and file Three Basic Benefits Applying grid topology to a storage network provides several benefits， including the following: R A well-designed grid network is extremely Rather than providing just two paths between any two nodes， the grid offers multiple paths between each storage This makes it easy to service and replace components in case of failure， with minimal impact on system availability or P The same factors that lead to reliability also can improve Not requiring a centralized switch with many ports eliminates a potential performance bottleneck， and applying load-balancing techniques to the multiple paths available offers consistent performance for the entire S It’s easy to expand a grid network using inexpensive switches with low port counts to accommodate additional servers for increased performance， bandwidth and In essence， grid storage is a way to scale out rather than up， using relatively inexpensive storage building
Outreach and Extension programs increasingly are using computer technologies to deliver services and resources to the Examples include videoconferences (Pankow， Porter， & Schuchardt， 2006)， Webcasts (LGEAN 2004)， electronic newsletters (Westa， Broderick， & Tyson， 2005)， online communities (Kallioranta， Vlosky， & Leavengood， 2006; Schlager & Fusco， 2004)， youth education programs (Mutchler， Anderson， Taylor， Hamilton， & Mangle， 2006)， and curriculum and training materials on Web sites and CDs (Dunn， Thomas， Green， & Mick， 2006; Mayfield， Wingenbach， & Chalmers， 2006; Penuel， Bienkowski， Korbak， 2005; Zimmer， Shriner， & Scheer， 2006)When working in low-income urban and other under-resourced communities， Extension staff need to ensure that audiences are able to access the various digital The ability to use computer technologies is often viewed through the lens of the "digital divide，" or the gap between those people and communities that can effectively use information and communication technologies and those that cannot (Norris & Conceicao， 2004; Shelley & Thrane， 2004; Warschauer， 2003)Originally， the digital divide referred to the lack of access to computer technologies and Internet connectivity (Mitchell， 2003; Mossberger & Caroline， 2003) Even recently， studies that address the digital divide in communities served by Extension are based on the premise that the digital divide refers to access (Elbert & Alston， 2005) However， Cullen (2001) argued that this is a more complex issue， and identified four factors that may influence the digital divide: * Physical access to computer Organizations may not have computers， other digital devices， software， and Internet * Computer skills and Individuals who have computers and other digital tools may not use them because of lack of * Attitudes and People may have and use computers but not deploy them to their full potential because they fail to see how sophisticated computer technologies can contribute to their professional development or provide other * C People may not use the Internet and other computer technologies because the content of digital materials is not interesting or Although access to computer technologies has been described in the literature (Elbert & Alston， 2005)， little is known about other factors that are influencing the use of computers in community settings served by E In this article， we explore the four digital divide factors in urban low-income communities and investigate how community educators are using digital materials in their after-school and other non-formal youth education The computer science program was established in 1983， and in 1995 the Department of Computer Science was formed from the former Department of Mathematics and Computer S The master’s program in computer science began in 1997 and the information technology program began in In 2009 there are about 60 students and some 20 degrees will be The department's web site， du， provides more information， detailed descriptions of faculty research programs， The primary contact for questions and information related specifically to the graduate programs is the Director of Graduate P More general information is available from the Department CDepartment Computing facilities available to graduate students include the Advanced Studies Laboratory (open to all graduate students) and smaller laboratories focused on All graduate students receive departmental accounts for access to computing facilities， email， and storage upon entry to the program and for one year after Other computing facilities are available to all university students in the adjacent Academinc Services Building and include over 500 PC's and a laboratory of Sun The Master of Science programs provides a broad foundation in computer science and in depth studies in several A core of computer science or information technology lecture courses is Further courses are selected from the 22 additional computer science and information technology courses and graduate courses in other Detailed information about degree requirements for the MS in Computer Science is available here， and for the Master's of Science in Information Technology， The program is designed to prepare students for positions in industry and education， enhance skills for the practicing professional， and supply a foundation for study at the doctoral Currently， there are about 60 students actively pursuing master’s About one-half are fulltime students， with most of those employed on campus in the Computer Science Department as Teaching and Research Assistants or in other technical position at UTPA Most students work full time， and graduate classes are offered in the evening， Monday through TCourse Scheduling and Timelines for Completing the Master’s D Required graduate courses are offered once each year in the Fall or Spring Elective courses are typically offered once every two Other courses， such as Master's Thesis， Master's Project， and Independent Research and Study， are offered each Schedules for future semesters are available Registration in any thesis， project， or research course requires consent of the instructor prior to Information about room assignment is available through the online university ASSIST For students entering the program with a bachelor’s degree in computer science who are able to enroll fulltime (9 hours for graduate students) the expected time to complete the required 36 hours is two Relatively few courses are offered in the Students pursuing the MS in Computer science who enter the program with bachelor’s degrees in other areas typically need to complete graduate level foundation courses (， CSCI 6300 and CSCI 6301) in preparation for advanced coursework in computer Undergraduate courses may also be After acceptance， the student is to meet with the Graduate Director to ensure completion of a sequence of courses providing the foundations for advanced study in computer Meeting with the Graduate Director is also important for students entering the program with degrees granted outside the US， as the university depends on an outside firm to evaluate transcripts， and acceptance to the university does not necessarily mean that the student has completed the courses necessary for enrollment in the Department's advanced computer science The Department's foundation courses are prerequisites for most of the required and elective courses which must be completed for the It may not be possible to complete the degree as quickly when foundation courses are necessary， as when they are not necessary， due to prerequisite When foundation courses are necessary， the exact length of time will depend on the students background in computer science， specific offerings of courses， The program Graduate Director or student’s advisor can address individual 1 Example Timeline: Student with Bachelor’s in Computer Science， Thesis OptionStudents are encouraged to complete the three required lecture courses (Theoretical Foundations: 6339， Computer Architecture: 6335， and Design and Analysis of Algorithms， 6323) in the first The seminar， 6174: Open Problems in Computer Science must be completed in the first Students also complete five elective and two additional seminar All students complete a thesis or project working closely with The thesis option requires a semester of individualized study prior to enrollment in two semester's of thesis The thesis option is available to all students， though students who complete two foundations courses (see next example) may need to complete more than the minimum 36 hours in order to pursue the three semester thesis course The sample timeline below details a sequence of required courses， elective courses， pre-thesis study， and thesis Note that pre-thesis study begins in the second semester of the first
