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西方文化论文2000字怎么写的好

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Western novels in comparison First, Western novels in the history of the development of Western novels are based on myths and legends of its In ancient times, science developed, out of fear of nature, the working people out of the imagination is the key to many of the world "God", describing the personification of God is a myth; who will describe the deified, that is China opened the world's Pan story, the story of San Juan Five Emperors, the West Greek mythology, Roman mythology, Norse mythology, and so on are all typical East and West, the original novel, is closely linked with the history, as historical records complement the China Pre-Qin prose in the fable, the Han dynasty in the history books, biographies, the Wei and Jin Zhi, Zhi-person novel; the West of ancient Babylon, "the United States and Ji Jia disabilities epic", in ancient Greece, "Homer's epic," "Aesop's Fables "And so on, fall into this category, fiction, novels such novels have been about the characteristics of fiction, it is still not the literary creation, directly from the private collection record, so this type of fiction plot is relatively simple, writing rough Ban Gu said, "On the Street Lane words, hearsay are made of" is a novel kind of accurate assessment of the China's Tang Dynasty, the novel is only from history and literature become a Tang Dynasty culture has developed, the author's ideas are more open, the legend came into being at this time, Li Zhaowei "Liu Yi Chuan", Po Chu's "Everlasting Regret," Wolf's "Everlasting Regret Chuan" And so on, are made in accordance with the creation of the For the fictional story of the Tang Dynasty more emphasis on imagination and literary talent, not just the history of the nature of things, but as the history of Zhi Zhi who is also the novel did not The Legend of the Song Dynasty to the novel on a gradual decline, which followed the rise of this so that after processing will become a scholar so many novel and Romance novels such as "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Outlaws of the Marsh", "Journey to the W" The author of such novels is the use of private creative and re-created to describe the circumstances of the touching scenes of brilliant and vivid active in shaping the character known, there are obvious story-telling style of Here by the redevelopment, it will become an independent literary creation rather than things to come together with the civil process, the representative of this type is the "Golden Lotus", it was an open and ordinary life on the road, the reality is that literature has come a long way The development of the latter's "A Dream of Red Mansions" in ancient China Geng Shiba realism to the novels of the "54" after the novelist began to learn from China's western fiction writing practices, and gradually out a new Western novels, is the "Renaissance" after the rapid development of The development of the Middle Ages novel near-stagnation in the West, 14, the end of the century "Renaissance" to overthrow the literature of the Church of control, 15, appeared in the western end of the century to promote freedom of thought and the liberation of personality in order to describe the reality of life and portray characters from all walks of life for the content of the Humanist novels, is to tie in with this type of novel anti-feudal Europe at the time of arising at the same time it also set the novel in the West to human describing the tone of the main Jiaqiu Italy's "Decameron", Spain's Cervantes "Don Quixote" is the kind of representative works of The resulting novel is a classical, elegant favor of its national language to standardize the writing of this novel in 17th century France's most well- As a note on behalf of Corneille's "Cid" neoclassical story of the rise of Western novels have been a language substantially The beginning of the 18th century to promote popular science knowledge, enlightenment of the public consciousness for the purpose of the Enlightenment novels, of which there are relatively well-known German Goethe's "Faust", the United Kingdom Defoe's "Robinson Crusoe" and the Swift "Gulliver's Travels" and so on, this type of novel to the emergence of the bourgeois revolution at the time to mold public In the 19th century, romantic fiction, realistic novels and critical realism novel turn to occupy the leading position in the field of Romantic novels, such as France Victor Hugo's "Notre Dame de Paris", Goethe's "juvenile Witt of trouble" and so on, imaginative, unusual ideas, language and imaginative, strong Efforts to reflect the reality of the novel is the essence of life, and depict typical life of a typical phenomenon in the United Kingdom Dickens, France and Germany are of such novels as a representative of the Critical realism novels exposed the efforts of the decadent feudal system and capitalist society, the dark, in-depth criticism of the reality of evil, France Balzac and Maupassant, the United Kingdom of Charlotte, Bronte, Russia's Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, the United States of a large number of writers such as Mark Twain's works belong to this Value today, the three novels in the West is still the most important of the three types of literary East-West novel on the history of the development of more or less the Second, the characteristics of the novel in the West In addition to the basic characteristics of the novel, the story of the West also have their own characteristics are as follows: 1, the traditional Chinese novel attention to the characters, language and the details of the description, in contradiction to the conflict to display the images, but the character of a single, small changes in the absence of the main Western novels are more people pay attention to the psychological description, stressed that mining figure in the subconscious mind, good at writing full, the changes in the strong sense of the main Again, "coach Lin Feng Snow Mountain Temple" in the figure is only through dialogue and action leads to contradictions and conflicts, but Anna Karenina Wogui before a series of conflicts only with his description of the psychological will be able to express their clear; for poetry in Lin In the performance of her literary talent, and Paul with his inner monologue of the ideal; Zhang Zhong-Yong has only the character, but Jane Eyre's character is the brave, strong, warm, kind-hearted, and so many of the character and rubbing and Cheng' In short, people in the area described in the West has its own unique 2, China compared with Western fiction novel plot twists and turns more and more complete Plot twists and turns, the story is complete fiction China's unique traditional The Wei and Jin Zhi Zhi people on the novel twists and turns with vivid Tang legend in the layout of many of the famous, magnificent anomaly, rigorous and clever, dramatic plot The contents of the Ming and Qing Dynasties novels scattered irregular, undulating waves, Cuoluoyouzhi, careful structure, an integral "A Dream of Red Mansions", everywhere She Fu, Hui turning point, the story of Jia's best Western plot in respect of the outstanding works, although there are many, but it can not be compared with the Chinese 3, concise and lively Chinese language novel, rich in content and rich Western Chinese folk artists absorbed the novel language, at the same time inherited the fine traditions of ancient prose, often a few words will be able to outline the incident or the Western novels in the author includes a broad range of knowledge, involve the community in many ways, so rich in content and rich people can gain knowledge in many Engels said he was in Balzac's novel about 19th century France's domestic situation than he received any reports are Western novels have different characteristics, and also in the West different aesthetic concepts to a certain extent 4, Western novels have been the rule of the feudal culture of oppression Chinese feudal culture makes the development of the novel is extremely difficult, Ming and Qing Dynasties more people to write stories for shame, so many great writers living, creating the conditions are not covered, many of the great works of authors who do not Western novels in the feudal culture makes almost the whole of the Middle Ages in the development of extremely slow, and many talented writers were forced to church services, wrote some of the religious nature of the article dry Third, Western novels in the future prospects for the development of End of the Qing Dynasty, China and the West have begun to understand the other side of the system, the advantages of the novel in the West have been constantly learn from each Of course, due to historical reasons, the Chinese side of the draw a little To this day, the novelist in the West efforts are still two researchers in the novel's artistic charm, although the different languages of each other's appreciation of the arts to a certain extent, but the United States are We have every reason to believe that in the near future, the novel art in the West will ultimately learn from each other and integrate, develop and reach new artistic References: "Foreign Literature" Shanghai Translation Publishing House Zhou Xu Liang "Contemporary Literature election," Zhang Zhong, such as Beijing University Publishing House "Chinese literature history of the development of" Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House Liu Jie "Literary History of Europe" People's Literature Publishing House Yangzhou Han Wu Da-yuan Zhao Rui radish "Three high school language textbook used by the five dates of the" People's Education Press仅供参考,请自借鉴。希望对您有帮助。

西方文化论文2000字怎么写的好

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具有了千年悠久历史的西方文化,和中国文化一样,显得博大精深,蕴含着极为丰富的内容。其中的以人为本,倡导理性、天职观念、公平竞争、注重法治、信守合同、现代管理等等思想,不仅对西方资本主义的市场经济形成、发展起到了重大的影响与积极的作用,而对中国社会主义市场经济的建立也不乏借鉴意义。在西方传统文化中,人本主义是首要的和受到人们首肯的价值观念。西方人普遍认为,个人利益是至高无上的,一切价值、权利和义务都来自个人,它强调个人的能动性、独立性,强调个人行动和个人利益。作为个人,应该具有独立性、责任心和自尊心,只有这样,个人才会受到关注和尊重。西方极端的个人主义与中国传统文化是格格不入的,也是今天我们在社会主义市场经济建设中应当防止的思潮,但西方文化中突出人在宇宙中的主体地位,强调人作为主体所具有尊严和价值。这种人本主义观念在反对封建专制、宗教蒙昧、个人崇拜和近代资本主义的发展中起过重要的历史作用,其中的一些思想因素对我们大有启迪意义。市场经济是以平等交换为基础的交换经济。参与交换活动的各方必须是具有主体地位的自由的个人和团体。西方人本主义价值观念中的自由、自尊、能动创造、超越现实等等,正是市场经济的思想前提,市场经济要求人的主体性,表现在他享有独立自主、自由抉择的权利。企业或个人生产什么、生产多少、何时生产,都以市场为导向,不依靠政府的计划和指标。这样,自由竞争局面才有可能出现,企业和个人的劳动积极性才能调动起来。西方人本主义主张自我奋斗、自我创新。西方人把通过个人的奋斗取得成就,看作是一种美德。个人奋斗意味着不依赖他人,自己掌握自己的命运。西方的青年人崇尚自立自强,长大以后就离开家庭,自立门户,走自我奋斗的道路。市场经济就需要一种自强、创新的精神。无论是新产品的开发,抑或新思路的形成,都需要个人的创新精神。一个处处依赖社会、父母、他人的人绝对成不了市场经济的弄潮儿。西方素以理性为传统。理性主义是西方文化的基本精神之一,它指的是强调理性、强调科学、强调逻辑推理与分析。西方伦理传统中,注重理性对情感的控制。市场经济与理性原则密切相连,它是以理性为基础的。西方经济学的预设前提,就是“人都是理性的”。建立在理性文化精神基础之上的西方企业管理,具有两个方面基本特征:一是依靠严格的规章制度,二是依靠严密的组织机构,强调对人、财、物的数量分析。这个科学管理思路正好可以弥补中国传统管理思想之不足。此外,在我国目前的市场经济建设中,吸收西方理性主义文化的因素,可以有效地促成经济个体寻求达到经济目标(利润最大化)的最佳手段,找到解决经济个体之间矛盾冲突的有效方式。西方的道德理性还能成为市场经济海洋中个体自我肯定、自我发展、自我完善的基本前提,有助于克服中国流行的经济短期行为。道德理性的主要特点,就在于它内在的创造性和超越性。它要求人不能仅仅满足于从外界索取现成的价值物和现有的生存状态,而且要不断地创造新事物,超越现状。道德理性在市场经济中分析个体和社会经济行为的合理性,抑制个体私欲的极度膨胀,协调个体与他人的社会关系。和中国古代一样,西方曾在古代中世纪很长的一段时期里,重农轻商思想占据主导地位。直到16世纪的宗教改革运动,教会对商业活动看法的改变和新教伦理的面世,为西方提供了一种大大有利于资本主义发展的伦理和经济气氛,西方资本主义才茁壮成长起来。宗教改革运动的发韧者马丁·路德在翻译《圣经》时,把《圣经》中“神的召唤”概念改造为“职业”概念,认为职业就是神的召唤,是上帝为人安排的终生任务。这种概念要求个人履行他在今生今世应完成的义务,即承担所谓的“天职”。它把世俗事务看成是个人从事的最崇高的道德活动,从而使世俗工作神圣化。每个人从事的职业都是神的召唤,所有职业是正当的。这样一来,人们对生活的目的有了一种全新的理解。人们不再消极地等待最后审判的来临,而是努力于自己所从事的职业。同时,它还要求人们抛弃人间的淫荡乐趣,通过辛勤工作,并取得事业的成功,为上帝争光。只有拼命工作的人, 才能取得上帝的恩典。上帝只帮助自助者。这就培养了人们爱岗敬业的踏实工作精神。宗教改革运动的另一代表人物加尔文认为,人的命运早已为上帝所注定,现世人的宝贵与贫贱,就是上帝的“选民”与“弃民”的标志。因此,他鼓励人们在现世生活中积极活动、发财致富,用成功的事实证明自己被上帝所“选中”。可见,加尔文主义并不是一种消极的宿命哲学,它在于倡导一种新行为道德。只有顽强奋斗、不畏艰苦与挫折,最终取得成功的人,才是上帝选中的人。这套理论为资产阶级所致力于的追求财富事业提供了一个强有力的理论根据。从此,人们才普遍地改变了对商业活动的看法,才真正赋予商业活动以道德意义。发财致富也不再是一种罪恶,而是被上帝“选中”的标志。到17世纪中后期,追求合理赢利已完全成为新教伦理的一项内容。合理赚钱成了经济、道义上的美德。在虔诚、严肃、勤俭、诚实等原则基础上,新教经济伦理逐渐形成。新经济伦理的确立,极大地推动了西方经济的发展。公正原则在西方有着悠久的历史。西方思想家十分强调公正,认为政府有义务扮演“分正使者”的角色。在目前中国发展社会主义市场经济条件下,中国已基本上摆脱了长期困扰人们的平均主义阴影。但面对着官倒、官员经商、部门垄断、脑体倒挂等等不公正现象,国民一再强烈呼吁政府创造出一个公平竞争的环境。公正原则成为中国人所关注的一个热点。因此吸取西方文化中的公正公平原则是十分必要和有益的。市场经济的正常运转必须条例公正原则。它既是判定市场经济能否存在的标准,也是从道德上维系市场中各利益关系的必不可少的纽带。其次,在市场机制下,贯彻公正原则,还有助于提高人们的积极性和生产效益,促进社会的稳定。公正原则既保证生产者得其应得,又拒绝官员的贪污腐败,将个人所得与其对社会的实际贡献相对应,做到奖勤罚懒,端掉“大锅饭”。另外,公正原则所体现出的优惠弱者思想,对于缩小目前已趋临界的贫富分化也有一定的积极意义。公正更是治疗“红眼病”的有效药剂。
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你可以去看看其他网址上面写的范文。希望能帮上你
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