试论纳兰容若悼亡词 On the Mourning Ci Lyrics by Nanlan Rongruo内容摘要：自《诗经》开始，悼亡这一特殊题材出现在文学作品中。西晋潘岳最先以悼亡为题作诗，而后历朝历代都有不少优秀的悼亡诗人，及至南唐后主李煜将悼亡引入词作中，经由苏轼等人发扬光大，到清代纳兰容若时，悼亡词已达到了一个崭新的高度。纳兰容若在继承前人宝贵创作经验的同时，融入个人的情感经历和心理感受，所作悼亡词婉丽凄清、真挚深切，清新自然、不事雕饰，一扫元明以来的浮艳颓靡之风，开一代词宗，为清词的中兴做出了不可磨灭的贡献。本文主要论述纳兰容若对悼亡题材的继承与发展情况，从家世出身、生平境遇等方面研究其悼亡词创作的缘起，并将之与前人对比，分析其悼亡词思想内容、艺术风格上的独到之处，对清词中兴以及后世文学的深远影响。 Abstract: Since the Book of Songs， mourning has emerged in literature as a special Pan Yue of Western Jin Dynasty was the first to wrote poetry with mourning as subject， and there were multiple excellent poets writing about mourning in the following Li Yu， the former king of Southern Tang Dynasty， was the first one to introduce mourning into Ci The tradition of mourning Ci lyrics was further promoted by celebrated writers like Shu Shi， and this genre reached an unprecedented height in Qing Dynasty in the hand of Nanlan R While learning from the valuable creative experience of former people， Nanlan Rongruo applied his personal feelings and experiences in the artistic His mourning Ci lyrics were noted for their gentleness and melancholy， sincere and deep feelings， and a pure， fresh and un-pretentious He had wiped out the excessive and flamboyant， yet decadent style since Yuan and Ming Dynasty， and established himself a master of Ci for a generation， making indelible contributions for the resurgence of Ci lyrics in Qing D This essay is mainly focused on Nanlan Rongruo’s inheriting as well as developing of creation on mourning subjects， discussed his mourning Ci from aspects of his family background and life experience， analyzed his mourning Ci’s unique achievement in contents and artistic style through comparison with former writers， and commented his lasting influence to the resurgence of Ci lyrics in Qing Dynasty and later 关键词：纳兰容若；悼亡词；婉丽凄清；词宗Key words: Nanlan Rongruo， mourning Ci lyrics， gentleness and melancholy， master of Ci for a generation
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