一、英语作文的框机架对比观点题型（1）要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。 有一些人认为……2．另一些人认为……3．我的看法……The topic of ①-----------------（主题）is becoming more and more popular There are two sides of opinions about Some people say A is their They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------（支持A的理由一）What is more， ③-------------理由二) Moreover， ④---------------(理由三)While others think that B is a better choice in the following three Firstly，-----------------(支持B的理由一) Secondly (besides)，⑥------------------（理由二） Thirdly (finally)，⑦------------------(理由三)From my point of view，I think ⑧----------------（我的观点） The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因) As a matter of fact， there are some other reasons to explain my For me， the former is surely a wise choice （2）给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点Some people believe that ①----------------（观点一） For example， they think ②-----------------（举例说明）．And it will bring them ③---------------(为他们带来的好处)In my opinion，I never think this reason can be the For one thing，④-------------(我不同意该看法的理由一) For another thing， ⑤---------(反对的理由之二)．Form all what I have said， I agree to the thought that ⑥-----(我对文章所讨论主题的看法)．阐述主题题型要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述．1．阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义．2．分析并举例使其更充实．The good old proverb ----------------（名言或谚语）reminds us that ----------------(释义) Indeed， we can learn many things form First of all，-----------------(理由一) For example， -------------------(举例说明) Secondly，----------------(理由二) Another case is that ---------------(举例说明) Furthermore ， ------------------(理由三)．In my opinion， ----------------(我的观点) In short， whatever you do， please remember the say------A If you understand it and apply it to your study or work， you’ll necessarily benefit a lot from 解决方法题型要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径1．问题现状2．怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)In recent days， we have to face I problem-----A， which is becoming more and more First， ------------(说明A的现状)．Second， ----------(举例进一步说明现状)Confronted with A， we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the For one thing，---------------(解决方法一) For another-------------(解决方法二) Finally， --------------(解决方法三)Personally， I believe that -------------(我的解决方法) Consequently， I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because --------------(带来的好处)说明利弊题型这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测）1．说明事物现状2．事物本身的优缺点（或一方面）3．你对现状（或前景）的看法Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily Generally， its advantages can be seen as First ----------------(A的优点之一) Besides -------------------（A的优点之二）But every coin has two The negative aspects are also One of the important disadvantages is that ----------------(A的第一个缺点)．To make matters worse，------------------(A的第二个缺点)．Through the above analysis， I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative Therefore， I would like to ---------------(我的看法)．(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A， we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are Only by this way， ---------------(对前景的预测)．)
英语的连词也有很多，在选取了一些适合高中生学习和掌握的连词和连接语后，也大致的归结为以下三类：一 表明事件发生的时间顺序：这一类连词不多，大致有以下这些，也是最为我们学生所熟悉的，主要适用于第一类叙述类题型：then， first， at once， next， after that， previously， while， when， the following day， 二． 表明文章的组织结构:这一类的连词和连接语最多，也最为实用，适用的范围也广，能够灵活广泛的应用后四类题型。1)渐进类（Listing）: firstly， in the first place， secondly， thirdly， my next point is， last/finally， 2)举例类（Illustrating）: for example/ for instance， to illustrate， an example/ instance of this is， let’s take…， take… for example， 3)重申类（Re-stating）: in other words， that is to say， to put it another way， let me put it this way， or rather， namely， 4)旁引类（Referring）: in this respect， in that connection， as we said， apart from this， 5)重述类（Resuming）: to resume， to return to the previous point， getting back to the argument， 6)总结类（Summarizing）: to sum up， in short， it amounts to this， what I have been saying is this， 7)强调类(Emphasizing): it is worth noting， I would like to direct your attention to， let us consider， we must now turn to， I shall begin by， 三 表明作者的观点、态度这一类连词和连接语对于表达主观观点用极大的促进作用，适用于后三类题型。1)看法类 （opinion expressing）: in my opinion， I think/believe/suppose， I agree with…， as I think， it is said， people think， 2)补充类（Introducing）: further evidence: moreover， furthermore， in addition， what’s more， as well， 3)原因类（Cause）: because (of)， since， owing to， on account of， due to， as a result of， 4)结果类（Effect）: as a result， hence， therefore， consequently， thus， so， 5)对比类（Contrasting）: in / by contrast， on the contrary， on the other hand， nevertheless， whereas， while， yet， however， but， 6)比较类（Comparison）: in like manner， likewise， in the same way， similarly， in comparison with， 7)目的类（Purpose）: to this end， for this purpose， with this in mind， in order to， so that， 8)递进类（Intensification）: indeed， in fact， in any event / case， at no time， to tell the truth， （上述连词分类参考自“PETS阅读中需熟练掌握的连接词”一文）熟练的掌握上述有限的单词对于高中阶段的学生来说要求并不高，相反其中很多单词和短语都是学生的课本和练习中经常出现的，学生虽然经常读到看到，但真正能在自己的写作中运用的却少之又少。现在按照上面的分类重新梳理上述连接语的作用和分类，把它们记住，就完成了我们高考作文进步的第一步。 高考作文评分的特点和应对方法首先让我们来看看高考对考生写作能力的要求：1） 灵活运用语法与词汇、组句成文，正确表达的能力；2） 审题准确、组织语言材料有序的能力；3） 能使用好适当的过渡性词语使上下文承接有序，自然通顺的能力。其实以上三点合到一起就是检测学生的英语综合能力。上文已经说过，英语综合能力的提高还是需要学生靠平时脚踏实地的积累。本文所要提出的，是在有限的迎考时间内有效的提高英语写作得分的学习方法和迎考策略。因此，上面的第三点才是本文所要对症下药的症状。接着我们来看看高考阅卷的评分标准。自从2001年开始，高考书面表达启用了新的评分标准，规定书面表达按5个档次给分。主要的评分原则有：评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分；词数少于80和多于120的从总分中减去2分。评分中应注意的主要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性、上下文的连贯性及语言的得体性；如书写较差，以至影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。上面这一段话中的黑体字部分明确的表明连接语的运用得当对作文分值的影响。另外从高考阅卷的老师处也了解到：行文连贯是阅卷教师比较看重的一个方面。最后我们再来看看每一档次的作文分值中对连接语的要求：第五档（很好）：（21～25分）：有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。 第四档（好）：（16～20分）：应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。第三档（适当）：（11～15分）：应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文内容连贯。第二档（较差）：（6～10分）：较少使用语句间的连接成分，内容缺少连贯性。第一档（差）：（1～5分）：缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯。从上面的评分标准可以看出，无论是英语水平处于哪一个档次的学生，在写作的过程中，如果想要交出令自己满意的答卷，要想为自己的作文加分，都不能忽视下面这一条：要有适当的连接成分，即连接词和连接语的使用。为了使文章在整体上结构严密，浑然一体，增强文章的说服力和感染力，考生应该在句子与句子之间，甚至段落与段落之间，恰当地使用一些过渡性词语。另外，考生很容易犯的一个错误是，在写出若干个句子以后不使用连接词或连词，出现“run-on sentence”(连续句)现象，这是英语写作的大忌。考生一定要牢记，在英语书面表达中一定要用一个连词或连接词连接两个句子(当然，有时用一个分号要连接两个句子)，两个连词连接三个句子，三个连词连接四个句子，依次类推。要想让学生最后能有针对性地应付高考中的作文题，一定先要熟识上述所有的连接语及其使用的语境，教师在平时可以多采用联句成段的教学方式来培养学生使用连接语的习惯和语感，再加上平时的写作练习，使学生能充分重视和体验到连接语对于写作的重要性。在进行写作练习的过程中，可以给学生看一些经典范文，指出其中连接语对于文章结构的妙用，然后让学生进行模拟练习，最后还要及时批改，对使用了连接语的作文进行表扬和点评以起到鼓励学生的作用。最后在考试时，学生在拿到作文题目后首先要明确写作要求，即我们常说的审题，判断题目到底属于哪一类文体，然后在脑海中搜索适用的连接语，对于该用到哪些连接语一定要有一个清醒的思路，然后挑出有用的记录在旁。从阅卷的情况来看，很多考生没有认真思考，动笔就写，之后在写作的过程不断出现一些错误，这是严重影响实际成绩的鲁莽的做法。 实例论证我们首先看一看高考中的一篇满分作文。Sample Writing I (2001)I'm very pleased to（强调类） tell you the changes of my life since（原因类） reduction of learning load was brought But before that（比较类），I was often exhausted at I attended school and had classes the whole In the evening（时间顺序类），I was often forced to do my boring homework and（结果类） I could not go to bed until 11： Since（原因类） the program of reducing learning load was introduced，my life，however（对比类），has been much more I frequently pay a visit to museums，drop in at computer rooms and（时间顺序） draw pictures in my leisure(=spare) After lunch（时间顺序），I watch TV，read stories and（时间顺序） look through newspapers to enrich my No longer do I stay up；on the contrary（对比类），I go to bed at about In short（总结类），I am quite satisfied with my life 上面这一篇作文，是一篇叙事性的文章，因此其时间顺序类连接语也用得最多，在总共用到的13个连接语中，就有4个，但是每一个都不相同，因此通读整篇文章，不仅不让人觉得累赘，反而使文章结构合理，行文流畅。另外类型连接语的合理运用，就更使得整篇文章语言灵活，材料组织有序。相反，如果去掉文章中的所有连接词，那么这篇文章的分值就要掉两个档次。再来看一篇高考范文：Sample Writing II（2006）Film or book， which do you prefer?Some of us think(看法类) that it is better to see the film than to read the book in the The reason is that（原因类） it takes less time to understand the whole Besides（补充类）， the film is usually more interesting， and（递进类） it is easier to Some others have just the opposite opinion（对比类） They think that they can get more detailed information from the Meanwhile（对比类）， the language in the book is possibly more lively and Personally， I agree with（看法类） the second Actually （递进类）I have more reasons for I think（看法类） I can stay at home， reading quietly in a situation of my own， and what’s more（补充类）， I am able to better understand the author’s In a word（总结类）， to read the original work is better than to see the film based on （2006浙江省高考参考范文）这篇文章属于议论文，因此，在其中用于表达主管看法类的连接语最多，其它的连接语也多是第三大类中适用于议论文的词组。一篇范文是老师阅卷的标准，范文既然如此，可见连接语的熟练使用对一篇作文有多么的重要了。综上所述，希望可以通过本文的叙述，使学生认识到连接语在英语写作中的重要性，并通过学习和掌握连接语的使用使学生的英语作文写作水平能够得到一定的提高。
一、英语书信的常见写作模板 开头部分： How nice to hear from you Let me tell you something about the I’m glad to have received your letter of A I’m pleased to hear that you’re coming to China for a I’m writing to thank you for your help during my stay in A 结尾部分： With best I’m looking forward to your I’d appreciate it if you could reply 二、口头通知常见写作模板 呼语及开场白部分： Ladies and gentlemen， May I have your attention， please? I have an announcement to 正文部分： All the teachers and students are required to attend Please take your notebooks and make Please listen carefully and we’ll have a discussion in Please come on time and don’t be 结束语部分： Please come and join in Everybody is welcome to attend I hope you’ll have a nice time That’s Thank 三、议论文模板 正反观点式议论文模板 导入： 第1段：Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we （导入话题） Our opinions are divided on this （观点有分歧） 正文： 第2段：Most of the students are in favour of （正方观点） Here are the F S F(列出2~3个赞成的理由) 第3段：However， the others are strongly against （反方观点） Their reasons are as In the first What’s In (列出2~3个反对的理由) 结论： 第4段：Personally speaking， the advantages overweigh the disadvantages， for it will do us more harm than good， so I support （个人观点） オ “A或者B”类议论文模板： 导入： 第1段： Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many Others， however， argue that B is much Personally， I would prefer A because I think A has more 正文： 第2段：There are many reasons why I prefer A The main reason is that Another reason is (赞同A的原因) 第3段: Of course， B also has advantages to some (列出1~2个B的优势) 结论： 第4段: But if all these factors are considered， A is much better than B From what has been discussed above， we may finally draw the conclusion that (得出结论) オ 观点论述类议论文模板： 导入： 第1段：提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题 As a student， I am strongly in favour of the （亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对） The reasons for this may be listed as （过渡句，承上启下） 正文： 第2段：First of S B(列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由) 结论： 第3段：In conclusion， I believe （照应第1段，构成"总—分—总"结构） "How to"类议论文模板： 导入： 第1段：提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题 正文： 第2段： Many ways can help to solve this serious problem， but the following may be most First of Another way to solve the problem is F(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法) 结论： 第3段：These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can But it should be noted that we should take action (强调解决此类问题的根本方法) 四、图表作文写作模板 The chart gives us an overall picture of the 图表主题 The first thing we notice is that 图表最大特点 This means that as (进一步说明) We can see from the statistics given that 图表细节一 After 动词-ing 细节一中的第一个变化， the动词-ed+幅度+时间(紧跟着的变化) The figures also tell us that图表细节二 In the column， we can see that accounts for (进一步描述) Judging from these figures， we can draw the conclusion that (结论) The reason for this， as far as I am concerned is that (给出原因) / It is high time that we (发出倡议) 五、图画类写作模板：开头 Look at this /The picture shows /From this picture， we can /As is shown in the /As is seen in the 衔接句 As we all know， /As is known to all，/It is well known /In my opinion，/As far as I am concerned，/This sight reminds me of something in my daily 结尾句 In /In /On the /In /In a /Generally /As has been
一、英语书信的常见写作模板 开头部分： How nice to hear from you Let me tell you something about the I’m glad to have received your letter of A I’m pleased to hear that you’re coming to China for a I’m writing to thank you for your help during my stay in A 结尾部分： With best I’m looking forward to your I’d appreciate it if you could reply 二、口头通知常见写作模板 呼语及开场白部分： Ladies and gentlemen， May I have your attention， please? I have an announcement to 正文部分： All the teachers and students are required to attend Please take your notebooks and make Please listen carefully and we’ll have a discussion in Please come on time and don’t be 结束语部分： Please come and join in Everybody is welcome to attend I hope you’ll have a nice time That’s Thank 三、议论文模板 正反观点式议论文模板 导入： 第1段：Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we （导入话题） Our opinions are divided on this （观点有分歧） 正文： 第2段：Most of the students are in favour of （正方观点） Here are the F S F(列出2~3个赞成的理由) 第3段：However， the others are strongly against （反方观点） Their reasons are as In the first What’s In (列出2~3个反对的理由) 结论： 第4段：Personally speaking， the advantages overweigh the disadvantages， for it will do us more harm than good， so I support （个人观点） オ “A或者B”类议论文模板： 导入： 第1段： Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many Others， however， argue that B is much Personally， I would prefer A because I think A has more 正文： 第2段：There are many reasons why I prefer A The main reason is that Another reason is (赞同A的原因) 第3段: Of course， B also has advantages to some (列出1~2个B的优势) 结论： 第4段: But if all these factors are considered， A is much better than B From what has been discussed above， we may finally draw the conclusion that (得出结论) 观点论述类议论文模板： 导入： 第1段：提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题 As a student， I am strongly in favour of the （亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对） The reasons for this may be listed as （过渡句，承上启下） 正文： 第2段：First of S B(列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由) 结论： 第3段：In conclusion， I believe （照应第1段，构成"总—分—总"结构） "How to"类议论文模板： 导入： 第1段：提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题 正文： 第2段： Many ways can help to solve this serious problem， but the following may be most First of Another way to solve the problem is F(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法) 结论： 第3段：These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can But it should be noted that we should take action (强调解决此类问题的根本方法) 四、图表作文写作模板 The chart gives us an overall picture of the 图表主题 The first thing we notice is that 图表最大特点 This means that as (进一步说明) We can see from the statistics given that 图表细节一 After 动词-ing 细节一中的第一个变化， the动词-ed+幅度+时间(紧跟着的变化) The figures also tell us that图表细节二 In the column， we can see that accounts for (进一步描述) Judging from these figures， we can draw the conclusion that (结论) The reason for this， as far as I am concerned is that (给出原因) / It is high time that we (发出倡议) 五、图画类写作模板：开头 Look at this /The picture shows /From this picture， we can /As is shown in the /As is seen in the 衔接句 As we all know， /As is known to all，/It is well known /In my opinion，/As far as I am concerned，/This sight reminds me of something in my daily 结尾句 In /In /On the /In /In a /Generally /As has been
