既然要古代的，就换个秦始皇的好了:Qin Shi Huangdi， First Chinese Emperor A ruler from the western state of Qin united and subjugated the Warring States and formed China in 221 BC He declared himself the first emperor of China and named himself Shi Huangdi (meaning First Emperor) During the Qin (Ch'in) Dynasty (221 BC - 206 BC)， the emperor connected and extended the old fortification walls along the north of China that originated about 700 BC (over 2500 years ago)， forming the Great Wall of China to stop invading barbarians from the The Emperor standardized Chinese writing， bureaucracy， scholarship， law， currency， weights and He expanded the Chinese empire， built a capital in Xian， a system of roads， and massive fortifications and Shi Huangdi (259-210 BC) was a cruel ruler who readily killed or banished those who opposed him or his He is notorious for burning virtually all the books that remained from previous He even banned scholarly discussions of the The Qin dynasty ended soon after his death， but a unified China remained for over 2，000 China's name is derived from his short but seminal dynasty， Qin (pronounced Chin) 补充个历史事件:The Long March (traditional Chinese: 长征; simplified Chinese: 长征; pinyin: Chángzhēng) was a massive military retreat undertaken by the Red Armies of the Chinese Communist Party， the forerunner of the People's Liberation Army， to evade the pursuit of the Kuomintang (KMT or Chinese Nationalist Party) There was not one Long March， but several， as various Communist armies in the south escaped to the north and The most well known is the march from Jiangxi province which began in October The First Front Army of the Chinese Soviet Republic， led by an inexperienced military commission， was on the brink of complete annihilation by Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek's troops in their stronghold in Jiangxi The Communists， under the eventual command of Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai， escaped in a circling retreat to the west and north， which reportedly traversed some 12，500 kilometers (8，000 miles) over 370 [1] The route passed through some of the most difficult terrain of western China by traveling west， then north， to S
Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-Tung)， the son of a peasant farmer， was born in Chaochan， China， in He became a Marxist while working as a library assistant at Peking University and served in the revolutionary army during the 1911 Chinese RInspired by the Russian Revolution the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) was established in Shanghai by Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao in June Early members included Mao， Zhou Enlai， Zhu De and Lin B Following instructions from the Comintern members also joined the K Over the next few years Mao， Zhu De and Zhou Enlai adapted the ideas of Lenin who had successfully achieved a revolution in R They argued that in Asia it was important to concentrate on the countryside rather than the towns， in order to create a revolutionary Mao worked as a Kuomintang political organizer in S With the help of advisers from the Soviet Union the Kuomintang (Nationalist Party) gradually increased its power in C Its leader， Sun Yat-sen died on 12th March Chiang Kai-Shek emerged as the new leader of the K He now carried out a purge that eliminated the communists from the Those communists who survived managed to established the Jiangxi S The nationalists now imposed a blockade and Mao Zedong decided to evacuate the area and establish a new stronghold in the north-west of C In October 1934 Mao， Lin Biao， Zhu De， and some 100，000 men and their dependents headed west through mountainous The marchers experienced terrible The most notable passages included the crossing of the suspension bridge over a deep gorge at Luting (May， 1935)， travelling over the Tahsueh Shan mountains (August， 1935) and the swampland of Sikang (September， 1935)The marchers covered about fifty miles a day and reached Shensi on 20th October It is estimated that only around 30，000 survived the 8，000-mile Long M When the Japanese Army invaded the heartland of China in 1937， Chiang Kai-Shek was forced to move his capital from Nanking to C He lost control of the coastal regions and most of the major cities to J In an effort to beat the Japanese he agreed to collaborate with Mao Zedong and his communist During the Second World War Mao's well-organized guerrilla forces were well led by Zhu De and Lin B As soon as the Japanese surrendered， Communist forces began a war against the Nationalists led by Chaing Kai-S The communists gradually gained control of the country and on 1st October， 1949， Mao announced the establishment of People's Republic of C In 1958 Mao announced the Great Leap Forward， an attempt to increase agricultural and industrial This reform programme included the establishment of large agricultural communes containing as many as 75，000 The communes ran their own collective farms and Each family received a share of the profits and also had a small private plot of However， three years of floods and bad harvests severely damaged levels of The scheme was also hurt by the decision of the Soviet Union to withdraw its large number of technical experts working in the In 1962 Mao's reform programme came to an end and the country resorted to a more traditional form of economic As a result of the failure on the Great Leap Forward， Mao retired from the post of chairman of the People's Republic of C His place as head of state was taken by Liu S Mao remained important in determining overall In the early 1960s Mao became highly critical of the foreign policy of the Soviet U He was for example appalled by the way Nikita Khrushchev backed down over the Cuban Missile CMao became openly involved in politics in 1966 when with Lin Biao he initiated the Cultural R On 3rd September， 1966， Lin Biao made a speech where he urged pupils in schools and colleges to criticize those party officials who had been influenced by the ideas of Nikita K Mao was concerned by those party leaders such as Liu Shaoqi， who favoured the introduction of piecework， greater wage differentials and measures that sought to undermine collective farms and In an attempt to dislodge those in power who favoured the Soviet model of communism， Mao galvanized students and young workers as his Red Guards to attack revisionists in the Mao told them the revolution was in danger and that they must do all they could to stop the emergence of a privileged class in C He argued this is what had happened in the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin and Nikita K Lin Biao compiled some of Mao's writings into the handbook， The Quotations of Chairman Mao， and arranged for a copy of what became known as the Little Red Book， to every Chinese Zhou Enlai at first gave his support to the campaign but became concerned when fighting broke out between the Red Guards and the In order to achieve peace at the end of 1966 he called for an end to these attacks on party Mao remained in control of the Cultural Revolution and with the support of the army was able to oust the The Cultural Revolution came to an end when Liu Shaoqi resigned from all his posts on 13th October Lin Biao now became Mao's designated Mao now gave his support to the Gang of Four: Jiang Qing (Mao's fourth wife)， Wang Hongwen， Yao Wenyuan and Zhange C These four radicals occupied powerful positions in the Politburo after the Tenth Party Congress of Mao Zedong died in Beijing on 9th September，
BC in the Mediterranean Iberian people， BAK people， Celtic， has come to B 1-5 century， south-east England， the Roman E ， After the withdrawal of the Romans， the Anglo people in northern Europe， Saxons， Jutes invaded and settled in The 7th century the feudal system began to take shape， many small countries， and into seven kingdoms strive for hegemony over 200 years， called "Anglo - Saxon " 829 King of Wessex love Gebert unified E 8 end of the century the Danes were struck from 1016 to 1042 as part of the Danish Viking King was later short-term rule， in 1066， Duke of Normandy crossed the sea to conquer E In 1215 King John was forced to sign Magna Carta， kingship was From 1338 to 1453 English law， "the Hundred Years War，" the British after the defeat and win a In 1588， defeated the Spanish "Armada"， to establish maritime Bourgeois revolution broke out in May 19， 1649 declared a 1660 Dynasty restoration took place in 1668 "Glorious Revolution" established a constitutional 1707 England and Scotland merged in 1801 they merged with the I The latter half of the 18th century to the first half of the 19th century， becoming the world's first industrial revolution， a complete 19th century was the heyday of the British Empire in 1914 the colonial possession of 111 times more than the local big was the first colonial power， claiming to be "follow the sun " After World War I began to British in Northern Ireland was established in 1920， the county， and in 1921 to 1922 in southern Ireland， from its rule to allow the establishment of an independent Westminster Act， enacted in 1931， was forced to recognize its dominion in the internal affairs and foreign policy of independence， the British Empire， shaken from the colonial World War II， greatly weakened the economic strength and political status With the 1947 India and Pakistan have independence， to 60 years， the British Empire， the collapse of the colonial In January 1973 to join the EC
