隧道病害分析与防治在这儿由于写不下，只有翻译了。范文在这：_1 The tunnel disease harmThe tunnel is in geologic strata the engineering building which covers up to place， is a kind of form that the mankind make use of underground Mean on the broad sense:With a certain use， use in the bottom of ground any method by rule shape and size construct of the cross section accumulate big is 2 hole rooms at the 2 The railroad tunnel will appear to seep into water(water harm)， Chen to carve crack Sun， tunnel jelly to harm in the luck the camp， the Chen carve corrosion and shake to harm with the air pollution in the hole the disease harm， there is also a fire These diseases harm with bane to the tunnel of safety， comfort， normal the luck camp contain importance influence and Program to want to prevent possible disease from harm， endanger， carry on a reasonable design with design stage therefore and in the tunnel;Start construction in the tunnel the stage want to adopt reasonable construction craft， method， measure and material to promise construction Carry a camp stage to want to check， discover in time in the tunnel the disease harm and analyze a disease to harm because of， adoption reasonable of whole cure design and start construction Then can promise railroad tunnel the safety of the engineering thus， unimpeded luck 1 Tunnel water harmTunnel water harms to mean to build to meet with luck camp process in the tunnel of water of interference and endanger， is the most familiar tunnel disease to Main luck camp tunnel water (namely round groundwater and earth's surface water of rock to directly or indirectly get into with the form which seeps into or gushes the tunnel result in of bane)The tunnel seeps into water(water harm) to the tunnel stable， facilities inside the hole， go the car safety， ground building and the tunnel surroundings water environment to produce many badly influence to even threaten， influence internal structure and subsidiary facilities， lower service life， the serious hour will endanger the tunnel and the underground engineering of luck camp Lightly then make air inside the hole damp， the influence healthy body of worker， the machine equipments rust eclipse， insulate equipments expiration， electric circuit short circuit， electric leakage harm person;Heavy then threaten a personnel a safety， blunt ruin a machine equipments inside the hole， result in landslide， drown work noodles， break off a construction， result in important economy loss， endanger 1 The reason that tunnel water harmTunnel water harm of become because of BE， build tunnel， broke a mountain body originality of water system balance， the tunnel becomes the passage that the mountain body nearby groundwater gather together cut When the tunnel rounds a rock with contain water geologic strata to connect， but the Chen carve of watertightness and drain when the facilities， method be not perfect， by all means want to take place tunnel water to Can also harm tunnel water to return knot for objective with the reason of the subjective both (1)The tunnel cuts through geologic strata with The ① sand soil and Piao egg stone soil contain water geologic ② Stanza reason， crack Xi growth， contain rock strata of split Xi ③ Limestone， white cloud rock dissolubility geologic strata， be to have dissolve of Chong water slot， dissolve hole or dark river and tunnel connect with each The ④ is shallow to cover up tunnel district and earth's surface water can follow crack Xi， hole of overlay the layer to seep through inside (2)The tunnel Chen carves watertightness and drains facilities not perfectThe ① sets up tunnel Chen to carve watertightness and drains facilities at first not The ② concrete Chen carves construction quality bad， beehive， hole， crack many， the oneself is waterproof ability ③ Waterproof layer construction quality bad or the material durable bad， after use few year The work of④ concrete sew， flexs to sew， sink to decline to sew didn't work well a waterproof After ⑤ Chen carves to transform， the output crack permeates The ⑥ is current to drain facilities， carve the covered sewerage， blind ditch of back such as the Chen， have no assistance underground tunnel， drain， dark slot that the Chen carve， the year is long the disrepair 2 The whole in common use basic method which cures the luck camp tunnel leak(1)The appropriate Shu line upEnrich to earth's surface water of shallow cover up tunnel， when local form ditch pit Wa in the valley accumulates water， Shen water to have influence to the tunnel， use to appease to accumulate water， fill up a ditch valley and carve ditch catchment measure， make hole crest the earth's surface become good catchment system， don't make the earth's surface water current of hole crest go into or seep into The entrance to cave Yang ascent edge around establishes to cut drains and drain ditch， and keep good Abundant to groundwater， have no catchment ditch or drain ditch depth inside tunnel shortage but cause the Sui bottom accumulate water of， should adopt to increase to establish drain and change to the single side ditch a pair of sides ditch， deepen side ditch or adopt constitution airtight combine the dark tube deepen drain (2)Note the syrup blocks up waterThe ① carves back to round a rock or returns to Jing layer to note syrup toward the CThe ② carves inner part to note syrup toward the CThe ③ notes syrup toward the (3)Increase to establish inside the waterproof layerInside although the waterproof layer can't keep water current from get into the Chen carve inside， can keep water current from get into inside The way which increases to establish inside the waterproof layer includes 3 kinds:While being to brush， two is to pare off to press， three is to 2 The Chen carves crack SunTunnel Chen's carve is up the engineering corpus which bears geologic strata pressure and defends to round a rock to transform to collapse to fall The size of geologic strata pressure， mainly be decided by engineering geology and hydrology geology condition with round the physical mechanics characteristic of rock， in the meantime with construction method， pay to protect Chen to carve whether in time with the quality of the engineering quality factor Because the form change pressure， loose move a pressure function， geologic strata to follow tunnel to lengthways distribute and mechanics asymmetry function， temperature and constringency of the Tai are in response to the dint function， round rock dilatability or freeze a bulge pressure function， causticity to lie a quality function， under construction and artificial factor and carry the circulating lotus of camp vehicle to carry function ， make the tunnel Chen carve structure products to living crack and transform， influence the normal usage of tunnel， know together as tunnel Chen to carve crack Sun disease to Chen's carving crack Sun is the main form that the tunnel disease harm， the tunnel Chen carved crack Sun to break tunnel structure of stability， lowered Chen to carve structural safe and dependable， influence the normal usage of tunnel， even endanger to go a car The Chen carves the main bane that the crack Sun transform to have:(1)Lower the Chen carves structure to together the loading ability of the rock;(2)Make tunnel clean empty diminish， invade a building circumscription， influence vehicle a safety to pass;(3)The arch department Chen carves a piece and the influence goes car and Human body safety;(4)Crack leak， result in the facilities rust in the hole eclipse， the way bed turns over syrup， strict and cold produce a jelly to harm with cold region;(5)Spread bottom and Yang arch damaged， the Ji bed turns over syrup， circuit to transform， endanger to go a car safety， compelled lower vehicle movement speed， measure increment to protect to maintain workload;(6)Cure towards splitting Sun Chen to carve to carry on to greatly fix wholely under the sistuation that carry a camp， construction and transport mutual interference， the expenses Aim at the Chen carves crack Sun a disease to harm to put forward whole cure measure:The crack renovate， the Chen carves back empty press syrup， the stable processing of film， change arch and change a side 3 The Chen carves corrosionThe Chen carves the causticity environment of back water， easy follow the hair follicle that the Chen carve， work to sew， transform to sew and other hole Shens flow Chen to carve seamy side and become tunnel seep into water， carve concrete and carve a stone， ash to sew to produce physics or chemistry erosion function to the Chen， result in the Chen carve The tunnel Chen carves corrosion to is divided into physical sex erosion and chemistry to decay 2 The tunnel Chen carves corrosion to make the concrete become crisp loose， the strength descend， lower the loading ability that the tunnel Chen carve， will also cause steel rail and button up a corrosion， shorten service life， endanger to go a car Produce three corrosive main factors is the first， decay to lie quality of existence;The second， easily decay material existence;The existence of the third， groundwater and have movable In order to insure the safe usage of tunnel building， should actively carve to decay a disease to harm to carry on prevention and cure to the CThe tunnel Chen carves antisepsis eclipse measure， should first from make to survey a design to begin so， control tunnel engineering geology and hydrology geology data， find out environment water to contain source and composition that the erosion lies quality， in the exactitude judge it to the Chen carve the foundation of the degree of concrete erosion up， properly adopt prevention and cure measure because of the ground Aim at the output reason and condition of the tunnel Currently， the prevention and cure measure adopted to the tunnel erosion mainly has the following a few (1)Raise the airtight solid degree that the Chen carve with (2)The outside Chan adds to anticipate a (3)Choose to use to bear erosion (4)Strengthen the Chen carves an outside to drain (5)Usage's ising close-grained doesn't rise the material of chemical effect with concrete and carve outward appearance noodles to do to insulate a waterproof layer in the C(6)Adoption and the erosion environment water don't rise the natural stone of chemical reaction to anticipate to carve to build Chen to (7)Carve back to press to note to defend eclipse syrup a liquid toward the C(8)Antisepsis eclipse 4 The tunnel jelly harmTunnel jelly's harm is a cold region to flow and round a rock to accumulate water congelation with the tunnel internal water of strict and cold region and cause tunnel arch a department to hang ice， side wall to freeze， the net line in the hole the equipments hang ice， round rock jelly bulge， Chen to carve bulge crack， Sui bottom ice Zhui， drain ice to fill and the circuit freeze since the and various disease which influences a safety to carry the normal usage of the camp and building Tunnel jelly's harm will cause the Chen carve jelly to spilt open bulge， even loose peeling off， result in the tunnel Chen carve structure of lose steady breakage， lower Chen to carve structural safe and dependable， the serious influence transport of safety with normal The tunnel familiar jelly harms category to have:The arch department freeze， the side wall freeze， round a rock jelly to burst open bad， the Chen carve occurrence net line inside the ice Xie， hole to hang water The jelly harms formative main reason to have:The function of cold air temperature， season congelation the formation of the turn(if catchment equipments' congelation inside of circle in tunnel of tunnel， the winter easily takes place ice to fill;BE freeze an inside of circle if round the rock right and wrong jelly bulge of rock soil， then will not take place the jelly bulge sexually transmitted disease to harm)Tunnel at design and start construction， result in the Chen carve waterproof ability shortage towards defending a jelly problem and considering or considering not a week， ， drain facilities to cover up inside hole deeply not enough， cure water measure not appropriate， the construction contains blemish， will result in and aggravate luck camp stage the jelly of the tunnel The prevention and cure that the strict and cold and cold region tunnel jelly harm， it the basic measure be comprehensive to cure water， replace soil， heat preservation to defend a jelly， structure to strengthen， prevent°from to melt to ， can basis actual circumstance comprehensive 5 The prevention and cure that the tunnel disease harmThe tunnel disease harms to all bring influence for normal luck camp and safeties of tunnel and sometimes influence very seriously;And， the disease harms the whole antinomy outstanding， the disease harm whole cure interference to normally carry a camp， result in the luck camp lose， but the disease harm under the whole condition which cure in the space， time and the construction conditions to all limit carry on， all the Therefore want to prevent°from for the lord first， having to be design a stage will adopt prevention measure and keep disease from harm a creation;Harm beard to check a pure disease to harm reason and adopt reasonable measure to carry on to the disease for appear on the other hand whole cure， the exaltation tunnel disease harms the whole engineering quality and economic performance for
