1、措词。在写作时要选明确、准确、生动形象的词，适当地使用成语或习语，可以避免语言的单调贫乏，使之生动而富于内涵。2、句子。可以试用多种方法来表达同一概念，不断变化句子结构，使语言形式丰富多彩，强化表现力。3、切题。文章内容必须与主题保持一致，否则文章语言再好，也只能算是失败之作。一、措辞1、选择生动准确的词词是语言的基本单位，人们要表达思想，就要选择适当的词语，这是写作的基本要求。词可分为一般概念的词（general words）和具体概念的词（specific words）。表示一般概念的词含义模糊；表示具体概念的词含义明确，表达准确，生动形象。写作时合理地使用具体概念的词能够使句子表达的意思准确，内容生动，更富有感染力。试比较下面各组句子：（l）A few houses were destroyed yesterday（general）Five houses burnt down yesterday（specific）（2）His relatives gave him two gifts（general）His aunt and uncle gave him a watch and a pen as the birthday gifts。（specific）（3）Jack went to the window and looked at the crowd outside（general）Jack tiptoed to the window and peeped into the room（specific）上面各组句中，第一个句子抽象概括，给人以空泛的感觉：第二个句子用词具体，有个件，使人感到意思确切，生动逼真。2、使用英语成语和习语人们在长期使用语言的过程中，积累了大量的习惯表达法。这些成语、习语内涵丰富，语言生动活泼。文章中适当地使用这类短语，可避免语言的单调贫乏，使句子生动而富于内涵。如：（l）George has lost his social position since his business failed．可改为：George has come down in the world since his business failed（2）．Maybe you have time to go to the cinema， but I have more important business to attend to．可改为：Maybe you have time to go to the cinema， but I have other fish to fry．3、用词的宽度用词的宽度可以反映出写作者所掌握的词汇量。如果一个人掌握的词汇量大，那么当表达同一概念有不同的表达方法时，则可以换一种说法。如：The teachers maintained that the students should give up love for the sake of leaming Students， however， hold that for did ding love among college students is no good．这两句话里，谓语分别用了maintain和hold。如果将它们换为think，所表达的意思相同，但用词宽度则不如原文。这两句话中for the sake of，give up， is no good等都是用词宽度的表现。所以在英语写作中有意识地适当增加用词宽度既能体现学以致用的原则又能使文章取得良好效果。二、句子的多样化英语中，同一思想用不同句式表达，其效果会大不相同。要想写出好的文章，就要不断地变化句子的结构形式。1、长短句交替使用句子的长短是为表达思想服务的。英语短句结构简单，意思明白具有生动活泼而又干脆利索的表达效果，而长句结构复杂，信息丰富，能表达成熟的思想与复杂的概念。一味地使用长句或短句会使文章显得单调，乏味，从而影响文章的总体效果。科学地交替使用长短句使句子结构变化多样，不仅给文章带来顿挫起伏的语言美感，而且可以受到理想的修辞效果。请看下面的这段话：She returned to her office．There was a note under the It was from Mr May．He said he was waiting for her in the coffee room．And he bad not found her sister．He was sorry to have missed 这段话用了一连串的短句，读起来单调呆板，平淡无味。为使文字更加生动，意思更加明确可改为：When she returned to her office，the found a note from Mr May under the door．He said he was waiting for her in the coffee room and hadn’t found her sister Headded that he was sorry to have missed her．修改后三个句子长短不一，读起来就给人以不同的感觉。又如《大学英语》第一册第十课 Going Home，当汽车驶至 Brunsnick，车上的年轻人看见黄手帕时，出现了以下这两行文字：Then，suddenly，all of the young people were up out of their seats，screaming and shouting and cryin， doing small dances of All except Vingo．这两句话一长（23个词）一短（3个词），彼此衬托互为凸现。第一句的两个and和四个-ing词，把热闹、喧哗的气氛喧染极至，长句之后，蜂回路转，一个仅三个词的短句扑入读者的双目几乎沸腾的场面顿时凝固但其余音未绝，此时外表虽冷漠，内心却炙热难当。2、句子开头的多样化“主-谓-宾”、“主-系-表”是英语的基本句型，主语领先句也是用得最多的句型。写作中为避免形式单一，当句子可以用主语开头，同时又可以其它结构开头时，不妨变换一下。如：（1）Defeated in the minor exchanges， I now play my queen of trumps．（分词短语做状语开头）（2）There are two ways in which one can own a book．（ there be句型开头）（3）Equally important is a good habit of reading（表语开头）以上各句都可以用主语开句，但在篇章中通过改变句子开头，文章就会疏落有致，语言形式丰富多采。3、句子结构的多样化写作中可以通过句型结构的变化来增添文采，强化表现力。如：（l） The love of the liberty is the love of the others; the love of power is the love of ourselves．（平行结构．这类结构整齐、紧凑；句子生动、鲜明，语义贯通、语势强劲有力。）（2）The days when we suffered from oppression and exploitation are （这样表达文字通顺，但语意不很突出。）改为：Gone are the days when we suffered from oppression and exploitation．（采用倒装句结构后，充分体现出受剥削受压迫的人民解放后扬眉吐气的心情。）三、观点切题结构合理这是写作中最重要的要求之一它要求写作开门见山直入主题。如写一篇谈“健康重要性”的文章，提示是1、健康的重要性；2、保持健康的方法；3、我的看法。按要求文章应按三个自然段来写，而每段开头都必须是提示的内容，因此，三段可以这么开头：1．Good health is important to everyone of us．2．There are many ways which can help build up our health．3．As for me，I like running as well as playing basketball and football．除了开门见山以外，论述的内容必须与提示保持一致，否则文章的语言再好，也只能算是失败之作。一般来说，这类文章的每个自然段都由三部分组成，即主题句，论述句和结论句。主题句由提示给出，论述句提供观点来论证主题句，结论句则是总结、归纳、概括主提句的观点。或者你可以找51due他们帮忙，我好多北美的同学们都是找他们帮忙的
chordone
