中文:文化差异影响跨文化交际 随着价值观与道德标准、社会关系、社会礼仪和社会风俗等方面，即西方文化主张个人荣誉、自我中心、创新 精神和个性自由，而中国文化主张谦虚谨慎、无私奉献、中庸之道和团结协作；西方人平等意识较强、家庭结 构简单，由父母以及未成年子女组成核心家庭；而中国人等级观念较强，家庭结构较复杂，传统的幸福家庭多 为四代同堂等。 在跨文化交际中，由于文化障碍而导致的信息误解，甚至伤害对方的现象屡见不鲜。有时善意的言谈会使 对方尴尬无比，礼貌的举止会被误解为荒诞粗俗。因此，研究文化差异，研究正确的跨文化交际行为已成为不 可忽视的问题。 在中国，对别人的健康状况表示关心是有教养、有礼貌的表现。但对西方人的健康表示关心，就不能按中 国的传统方式了。一个中国学生得知其美籍教师生病后，会关切地说“you should go to see a doctor！（你 应该到医院看看）”。不料，这句体贴的话反而使这位教师很不高兴。因为在这位教师看来，有病看医生这种 简单的事情连小孩都知道，用不着任何人来指教。如果就某种小事给人以忠告，那显然是对其能力的怀疑，从 而大大伤害其自尊心。 中国人在饭桌上的热情好客经常被西方人误解为不文明的行为。因西方人认为：客人吃多吃少完全由自己 决定，用不着主人为他加菜添酒；而且饮食过量是极不体面的事情，因此客人吃饭后，主人不必劝他再吃。一 位美国客人看到中国主人不断地给他挟菜很不安，事后他抱怨说“主人把我当猪一样看待”。 中国人路遇熟人时，往往会无所顾忌地说：“啊呀，老兄，你近来又发福了！”或者以关切的口吻说：“ 老兄，你又瘦了，要注意身体啊！”而西方人若听你说“you are fat”或“you are so thin”，即使比较熟 悉，也会感到尴尬和难以答。 从以上例子不难看出：文化障碍的确会影响跨文化交际。因此有必要研究不同文化间的差异。 Cultural differences affect cross-cultural communication With values and ethical standards， social relations， social etiquette and social customs， and other aspects， that is， Western culture advocated personal honor， self-centeredness， innovative spirit， and individual freedom， and Chinese culture advocates modest and prudent， selfless dedication， and the doctrine of the mean and unity， cooperation ; Westerners strong sense of equality， the family structure is simple， by the parents and minor children of the nuclear family， while the Chinese hierarchy and stronger family structures more complicated， more traditional happy families for four generations， and so In cross-cultural communication， because of cultural barriers and lead to misunderstanding of information， or even hurt each other's are common Sometimes goodwill remarks will embarrass the other side incomparable， appearance will be misunderstood as absurd Therefore， the study of cultural differences on the right of cross-cultural communication has become a problem that can not be In China， others expressed concern about the health status of the cultured， polite But Westerners expressed concern about the health， we can not by the traditional Chinese A Chinese-American students know their teachers became ill， will concern， saying: "you should go to see a doctor! (You should see to the hospital)" Unexpectedly， this considerate words to the contrary， the teachers very Because in the view of teachers， sick to see a doctor this simple matter even children know， do not need anyone to If on some trivial advice to people it is clearly doubt their ability， thus greatly hurt their self- Chinese people at the dinner table and the hospitality of Westerners often misunderstood as uncivilized For Westerners think: eat fewer guests to eat their own decision entirely， there is no need for him加菜Tim masters of wine; and excessive diet is extremely shameful thing， so after dinner guests， the owner advised him not A master of American guests to see China continue to Jiacai very disturbing to him after he complained that "the masters， like pigs when I look " Chinese路遇acquaintances， often unscrupulous and said: "啊呀，老兄， you recently made a further blessing!" Or to the tone of concern， said: "老兄， you lost， we should pay attention to physical ah!" And the West if you listen to people say "you are fat" or "you are so thin，" even more familiar with， will feel awkward and difficult FOR It is easy to see from the above examples: cultural barriers will truly affect cross-cultural It is therefore necessary to study the differences between different
By studying the differences between Chinese and Western wedding， I understand their characteristics: Western wedding is pure romantic， and China is happy wedding; Western wedding is feeling valued， and China values the In the West because of their different customs， have also formed their own characteristics wedding Though， have different customs， but no matter where the wedding was all full of blessings and Wedding days are often considered the most important day of many people’s For this reason alone， throughout the past and into modern day， numerous customs and superstitions have developed around the wedding event， in hopes of creating ‘The Perfect Day!’ A very common custom still honored today is in reference to a time-old saying， ‘Something old， something new， something borrowed， something blue， and a silver sixpence inside your shoe’ So old is this that tracing it back to its origination is nearly Some contribute it to Victorian times， others say it is even older than The ‘old’ is believed to be the friends and family attending the The ‘new’ is represented by the couple themselves， as a ‘new’ The ‘borrowed’ is something from the families that is to be returned， such as the bride's wedding dress， or the veil， borrowed from her own Something ‘blue’ is often interpreted to represent the bride’s virginity， as in the opposite of red， which throughout time has come to represent a woman of many Modern day brides often wear a bit of blue material tucked out of The sixpence can be any form of money， tucked into the bride's shoe， this to bring wealth， both in monetary means and love， to the
Western novels in comparison First， Western novels in the history of the development of Western novels are based on myths and legends of its In ancient times， science developed， out of fear of nature， the working people out of the imagination is the key to many of the world "God"， describing the personification of God is a myth; who will describe the deified， that is China opened the world's Pan story， the story of San Juan Five Emperors， the West Greek mythology， Roman mythology， Norse mythology， and so on are all typical East and West， the original novel， is closely linked with the history， as historical records complement the China Pre-Qin prose in the fable， the Han dynasty in the history books， biographies， the Wei and Jin Zhi， Zhi-person novel; the West of ancient Babylon， "the United States and Ji Jia disabilities epic"， in ancient Greece， "Homer's epic，" "Aesop's Fables "And so on， fall into this category， fiction， novels such novels have been about the characteristics of fiction， it is still not the literary creation， directly from the private collection record， so this type of fiction plot is relatively simple， writing rough Ban Gu said， "On the Street Lane words， hearsay are made of" is a novel kind of accurate assessment of the China's Tang Dynasty， the novel is only from history and literature become a Tang Dynasty culture has developed， the author's ideas are more open， the legend came into being at this time， Li Zhaowei "Liu Yi Chuan"， Po Chu's "Everlasting Regret，" Wolf's "Everlasting Regret Chuan" And so on， are made in accordance with the creation of the For the fictional story of the Tang Dynasty more emphasis on imagination and literary talent， not just the history of the nature of things， but as the history of Zhi Zhi who is also the novel did not The Legend of the Song Dynasty to the novel on a gradual decline， which followed the rise of this so that after processing will become a scholar so many novel and Romance novels such as "Romance of the Three Kingdoms"， "Outlaws of the Marsh"， "Journey to the W" The author of such novels is the use of private creative and re-created to describe the circumstances of the touching scenes of brilliant and vivid active in shaping the character known， there are obvious story-telling style of Here by the redevelopment， it will become an independent literary creation rather than things to come together with the civil process， the representative of this type is the "Golden Lotus"， it was an open and ordinary life on the road， the reality is that literature has come a long way The development of the latter's "A Dream of Red Mansions" in ancient China Geng Shiba realism to the novels of the "54" after the novelist began to learn from China's western fiction writing practices， and gradually out a new Western novels， is the "Renaissance" after the rapid development of The development of the Middle Ages novel near-stagnation in the West， 14， the end of the century "Renaissance" to overthrow the literature of the Church of control， 15， appeared in the western end of the century to promote freedom of thought and the liberation of personality in order to describe the reality of life and portray characters from all walks of life for the content of the Humanist novels， is to tie in with this type of novel anti-feudal Europe at the time of arising at the same time it also set the novel in the West to human describing the tone of the main Jiaqiu Italy's "Decameron"， Spain's Cervantes "Don Quixote" is the kind of representative works of The resulting novel is a classical， elegant favor of its national language to standardize the writing of this novel in 17th century France's most well- As a note on behalf of Corneille's "Cid" neoclassical story of the rise of Western novels have been a language substantially The beginning of the 18th century to promote popular science knowledge， enlightenment of the public consciousness for the purpose of the Enlightenment novels， of which there are relatively well-known German Goethe's "Faust"， the United Kingdom Defoe's "Robinson Crusoe" and the Swift "Gulliver's Travels" and so on， this type of novel to the emergence of the bourgeois revolution at the time to mold public In the 19th century， romantic fiction， realistic novels and critical realism novel turn to occupy the leading position in the field of Romantic novels， such as France Victor Hugo's "Notre Dame de Paris"， Goethe's "juvenile Witt of trouble" and so on， imaginative， unusual ideas， language and imaginative， strong Efforts to reflect the reality of the novel is the essence of life， and depict typical life of a typical phenomenon in the United Kingdom Dickens， France and Germany are of such novels as a representative of the Critical realism novels exposed the efforts of the decadent feudal system and capitalist society， the dark， in-depth criticism of the reality of evil， France Balzac and Maupassant， the United Kingdom of Charlotte， Bronte， Russia's Tolstoy， Dostoevsky， the United States of a large number of writers such as Mark Twain's works belong to this Value today， the three novels in the West is still the most important of the three types of literary East-West novel on the history of the development of more or less the Second， the characteristics of the novel in the West In addition to the basic characteristics of the novel， the story of the West also have their own characteristics are as follows: 1， the traditional Chinese novel attention to the characters， language and the details of the description， in contradiction to the conflict to display the images， but the character of a single， small changes in the absence of the main Western novels are more people pay attention to the psychological description， stressed that mining figure in the subconscious mind， good at writing full， the changes in the strong sense of the main Again， "coach Lin Feng Snow Mountain Temple" in the figure is only through dialogue and action leads to contradictions and conflicts， but Anna Karenina Wogui before a series of conflicts only with his description of the psychological will be able to express their clear; for poetry in Lin In the performance of her literary talent， and Paul with his inner monologue of the ideal; Zhang Zhong-Yong has only the character， but Jane Eyre's character is the brave， strong， warm， kind-hearted， and so many of the character and rubbing and Cheng' In short， people in the area described in the West has its own unique 2， China compared with Western fiction novel plot twists and turns more and more complete Plot twists and turns， the story is complete fiction China's unique traditional The Wei and Jin Zhi Zhi people on the novel twists and turns with vivid Tang legend in the layout of many of the famous， magnificent anomaly， rigorous and clever， dramatic plot The contents of the Ming and Qing Dynasties novels scattered irregular， undulating waves， Cuoluoyouzhi， careful structure， an integral "A Dream of Red Mansions"， everywhere She Fu， Hui turning point， the story of Jia's best Western plot in respect of the outstanding works， although there are many， but it can not be compared with the Chinese 3， concise and lively Chinese language novel， rich in content and rich Western Chinese folk artists absorbed the novel language， at the same time inherited the fine traditions of ancient prose， often a few words will be able to outline the incident or the Western novels in the author includes a broad range of knowledge， involve the community in many ways， so rich in content and rich people can gain knowledge in many Engels said he was in Balzac's novel about 19th century France's domestic situation than he received any reports are Western novels have different characteristics， and also in the West different aesthetic concepts to a certain extent 4， Western novels have been the rule of the feudal culture of oppression Chinese feudal culture makes the development of the novel is extremely difficult， Ming and Qing Dynasties more people to write stories for shame， so many great writers living， creating the conditions are not covered， many of the great works of authors who do not Western novels in the feudal culture makes almost the whole of the Middle Ages in the development of extremely slow， and many talented writers were forced to church services， wrote some of the religious nature of the article dry Third， Western novels in the future prospects for the development of End of the Qing Dynasty， China and the West have begun to understand the other side of the system， the advantages of the novel in the West have been constantly learn from each Of course， due to historical reasons， the Chinese side of the draw a little To this day， the novelist in the West efforts are still two researchers in the novel's artistic charm， although the different languages of each other's appreciation of the arts to a certain extent， but the United States are We have every reason to believe that in the near future， the novel art in the West will ultimately learn from each other and integrate， develop and reach new artistic References: "Foreign Literature" Shanghai Translation Publishing House Zhou Xu Liang "Contemporary Literature election，" Zhang Zhong， such as Beijing University Publishing House "Chinese literature history of the development of" Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House Liu Jie "Literary History of Europe" People's Literature Publishing House Yangzhou Han Wu Da-yuan Zhao Rui radish "Three high school language textbook used by the five dates of the" People's Education Press仅供参考，请自借鉴。希望对您有帮助。
乌龙青茶
