1944年二战军人权利法案,在美国历史上是一个具有“分水岭”意义的法律文件,许多学者认为这个法案是美国政府自成立以来所做出的最好决策。本论文从对该法案制定出台的考察开始,对美国退役军人教育资助政策在60多年间的形成与变迁过程,进行了较为系统的研究。论文内容分为三个部分:第一部分是对美国退役军人教育资助政策产生和演变过程的历史分析。首先,对美国退役军人教育资助政策产生的时代背景和历史条件进行了考察。研究认为:虽然美国有重视教育和资助退役军人的传统,但在向退役军人提供教育资助的问题上,直到二战时才被联邦政府纳入政策范畴。以往的军功授地、文官优待、经济补偿等退役军人安置方式在实际运用中遇到困难,一战退役军人安置工作的失败,特别是胡佛政府镇压“退役金补偿大军”的做法,促使美国探索新的退役军人安置模式。源于殖民地时期9所教会学院的美国高等教育,经过三百多年的历史发展,规模不断扩大,功能不断扩展,服务社会理念不断增强,并与军队建立了一些联系,这些都为其成为联邦政府“政策工具”奠定了基础。罗斯福“新政”期间应急就业安置中的教育计划,则在一定程度上为此后的美国退役军人上大学积累了经验。其次,对1944年军人权利法案进行了重点研究。在详细介绍该法案的制定过程、主要内容之后,论文对法案所涉及的教育资助标准、实施程序及后续修订进行了论述,并分析了二战军人权利法案给美国高等教育领域带来的巨大变革。研究认为:二战军人权利法案的实施,使美国高等教育规模在短时间里急剧扩张,大众化进程显著加速;二百多万退役军人的到来,改变了高校学生的性别构成;退役军人学生还改变了人们对已婚者上大学的看法。另外,二战军人权利法案将教育作为一种权利赋予几乎所有的退役军人,在资助标准上没有种族差别,具体学校和专业的选择权也交由退役军人决定,这一做法对当时大学里普遍存在的“隔离且平等”原则带来很大的冲击,并为此后种族隔离政策的废除积聚了力量。再次,对此后60多年间,美国退役军人教育资助政策的发展、演变历程进行了梳理。研究认为:1952年朝鲜战争军人权利法案、1966年越南战争军人权利法案,基本上延续了1944年二战军人权利法案的模式,将教育资助作为一种“补偿福利”。二十世纪七十年代全志愿兵役制的实施,给美国退役军人教育资助政策带来极大的冲击。从1984年退役军人教育资助法案(后来称为“蒙哥马利军人权利法案”)开始,给予退役军人教育资助已经成为吸引优秀适龄青年参军的重要手段。第二部分对美国退役军人教育资助政策的特征进行了简要概括,并对这一政策作了理论上的分析和解读。研究认为,适用了60多年,对美国社会产生深远影响的退役军人教育资助政策却没有严格的文本定义,这一现象与美国司法体系和法律传统息息相关,可以说是“判例法”传统在政策领域的运用和体现。另外,一种有效的退役军人利益反馈机制,特别是作为利益集团的退役军人非政府组织,以及参众两院常设的退役军人事务委员会,保证了相关法案的及时修正。美国退役军人教育资助政策在维护美国政治稳定、促进社会整合方 外文摘要 The Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944 is a watershed in US history, which is considered by many scholars as the best decision ever made by US Proceeding from the decision-making process of the Act, the present dissertation gives a systematic study of American Veterans’ Educational Benefits Policy in terms of its formation and development in the past 60 odd The dissertation is made up of three parts:The first part gives a historical analysis to the formation and development of American Veterans’ Educational Benefits P Firstly, the dissertation looks into the historical background against which the Policy was The study argues that only after World War Ⅱ has US government adopted policies concerning the educational benefits of veterans, despite the country’s tradition of valuing education and veterans’ The failure of traditional policies, such as Military Bounty Land, Veterans Preference in the Civil Service Recruitment and economic subsidies, forced the federal government to explore new approaches to accommodate veterans’ Under this circumstance, the government recognized the special significance of education, higher education as components of social welfare in this After 300 years’ development from 9 mission schools in the colonial period, US higher education became ready to support the federal government as a policy tool with its expanded functions, ever increasing awareness to serve the society and its contact with US Secondly, the study focuses on the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of After elaborating on the formation process and main contents of the Act, the dissertation discusses the standards, procedure and amendments of educational Importance is attached to the study of the radical change brought about by veterans’ educational benefits to US higher The study argues that the educational benefits given to veterans by the government caused not only the steep expansion but also essential change of US higher education within a short The arrival of 2 million odd veterans have changed the gender composition of the college students and at the same time altered the public attitude towards married Besides, the Act sets the foundation for abolishing segregation in higher It entitled the right to be educated to almost every veteran with no difference concerning The veterans were also given the right to choose