沥青玛蹄脂碎石混合料是一种由沥青、纤维稳定剂、矿粉及少量的细集料组成的沥青玛蹄脂，填充间断级配的粗集料骨架间隙而形成的眼挤型密实结构混合料。SMA改性沥青及SMA路面是一种新型的路面结构，改性沥青及SMA混合料冷却后非常坚硬，强度高。本文结合上海城市外环线(浦东段)环南一大道工程的施工，谈谈如何对改性沥青及SMA路面的施工进行控制。 一、工程综述 本工程北起张扬路立交东至环东一大道，路幅红线宽度100米，为城市Ⅰ级主干道，双向8车道，总长2387米。车行道结构形式为沥青柔性路面，结构层组成为路基+15厘米砂砾垫层+40厘米二灰碎石基层+15厘米三层式沥青混凝土面层。面层组合如下：表面层为改性沥青玛蹄脂碎石混合料（SMA-16）4厘米；中面层为中粒式改性沥青砼（LH-25）6厘米；底面层为粗粒式改性沥青砼（CLH-35）6厘米；下封层1厘米。 二、改性沥青施工质量控制的难点 改性沥青混合料粘度较高，各工序的施工温度均比普通沥青混合料的施工温度要求高，贮存、运输期间的降温不应超过10℃，生产厂至施工现场的距离较长，上海交通繁忙，气候变化大，混合料贮藏温度控制难。 沥青路面施工质量与摊铺机械的性能密切相关，沥青摊铺机械型号多种，性能不一。如何选择性能良好的施工机械，是工程质量控制的重点。 沥青摊铺时，必须均匀、连续，工人素质必须高，要能正确判断摊铺界面。 三、SMA沥青的拌合及施工 沥青混合料拌合。由于SMA与普通密级配沥青砼最大不同之处是SMA为间断级配，粗集料粒径单一、量多、细集料很少，矿粉用量多。细集料包括石屑和砂一共只需15%左右，给混合料的供料拌和带来不少困难。为此，料斗、料仓要重新安排，增加粒径为5～10毫米的骨料仓，以保证冷料数量，而细集料用量很少，冷料仓门开启很少，供料过程中要保持细集料干燥，以保证细集料顺利供料。主皮带把粗配料送入滚洞，通过燃烧器对骨料加热，有热电偶检测料温，自动调节燃烧器的风油比，使骨料温度达到190℃～200℃。热料经提升机进入振动筛，把热料按目标配合比的规格要求分筛到不同的热料仓（筛网尺寸可根据要求更换），有计算机控制各热料仓拉门，按输入的生产配合比自动配料、计量，由于SMA粗料粒径单一，细料很少，热料可能会发生粗集料仓经常不足（亏料），而细集料仓经常溢仓的不正常情况，控制室的操作人员不可调整放料的数量，使SMA的配合比不准。然后将木质素纤维加入到搅拌锅与骨料共同进行干拌，再添加经计算机控配比控制计量的石粉及沥青，拌和后，完成成品料的生产。SMA的干拌时间为4秒～5秒，湿拌30秒～45秒。 各种材料加热温度控制：沥青加热温度160℃～165℃，现场制作温度165℃～170℃，加工最高温度175℃，集料加热温度190℃～200℃，混合料出场温度175℃～185℃，混合料最高温度（废弃温度）195℃，摊铺温度不低于160℃，初始开始温度不低于150℃，复压最低温度不低于130℃，碾压终了温度不低于130℃，开放交通温度不高于60℃。 运输。由于SMA沥青混合料的沥青玛蹄脂的粘性较大，运输车的车厢底部要涂较多的油水混合物，而且为了防止运输车表面混合料结成硬壳，运输车运输过程中必须加盖油布，同时车量要适当增加。 摊铺。沥青必须缓慢、均匀连续不间断地摊铺。摊铺过程中，不得随意变换速度或中途停顿，摊铺速度应根据拌和机产量，施工机械配套情况及摊铺层厚度、宽度确定。摊铺速度为5米/分钟。 碾压。碾压过程是面层施工中的重要环节，碾压SMA的八字方针为“紧跟、碾压、高频、低幅”，并合理地选择压路机组合方式及碾压步骤。 接缝。 （1）纵缝：根据本工程特点，我单位在沥青混合料摊铺过程中采用一台德国产ABG423摊铺机并排摊铺，采用此方式可以一次整幅摊铺，纵缝热接提高了路面的平整度，美化了路面的视觉效果。 （2）横缝：SMA路面的接缝处理要比普通混合料困难一些，因此，摊铺时在边部设置挡板，也可以在沥青SMA层每天施工完工后，在其尚未冷却之前，即切割好，并利用水将接缝冲洗干净。第二天涂刷粘层油，即进行摊铺新混合料。 SMA沥青混合料施工中容易产生的问题： （1）过碾压：由于SMA路面的集料嵌挤作用，压实程度不大，压实度较易达到，但是随着碾压遍数的增加，集料不断地往下走，玛蹄脂一点点地向上浮，造成构造深度减小。在碾压过程中，特别注意表面构造保持在1～5毫米，以便有适宜的构造深度。 （2）出现油斑：SMA路面通车后出现油斑也是常见的一种病害，这是由于SMA的纤维拌合不均匀造成的。因此在拌合时，要严格控制纤维的投放数量和投放时间，并延长干拌时间，确保纤维拌合均匀。还要注意储藏期间纤维干燥，防止纤维受潮成团。 （3）碾压成型温度不够高是常见的毛病。SMA在130℃碾压的效果就很差了。在低温时碾压，容易出现不平整。在行车过程中出现车辙，是因为碾压不足造成的。 Asphalt of Stone Mastic is a mixture of asphalt from the fiber stabilizing agent， slag and a small amount of the fine aggregate composed of lipid Mastic Asphalt， filled with intermittent level of coarse aggregate skeleton space formed by squeezing eye-density Structure SMA modified asphalt road and SMA is a new type of pavement， and SMA modified asphalt mixture cooled very hard， high Based in Shanghai， Link (Pudong)， a South Central Avenue construction project， talk about how the modified asphalt road construction and SMA I Review of projects The project has publicized the North Road interchange east to Central Avenue East a road width of 100 meters pieces of red， as cities Ⅰ-level main road， two-way lane 8， the chief of 2，387 Carriageway of the form of flexible asphalt pavement， structural layer of gravel for the roadbed +15 cm layer of grey rubble +40 cm grassroots +15 cm three asphalt concrete Surface composition is as follows: for the modified asphalt surface layer of Stone Mastic mixture (SMA-16) 4 centimeters of the surface of tablets for-modified asphalt concrete (LH-25) 6 centimeters for the bottom layer Coarse-modified asphalt concrete (CLH-35) 6 centimeters under the closure of one Second， the modified asphalt construction quality control difficult Modified asphalt mixture viscosity higher， the process of construction than the general temperature of the asphalt mixture of high-temperature requirements， storage， transportation during the cooling should not exceed 10 ℃， manufacturing plant to the construction site of the long distance Shanghai heavy traffic， climate change， mixture storage temperature control Asphalt road paving machinery and construction quality is closely related to the performance， a variety of types of asphalt paving machinery， mixed How to choose the good performance of construction machinery， is the focus of project quality Asphalt paving， it must uniform， continuous， workers must be of high quality， must be able to correct judgement paving 3， SMA asphalt mixing and Construction Asphalt mixture As with the SMA Miji with ordinary asphalt concrete is the biggest difference between the SMA for intermittent graded， coarse aggregate single particle size， quantity， fine aggregate small amount of slag and Stone Chip fine aggregate and sand， including a total of only around 15 percent， to the mixture of materials for mixing brought about many To this end， the hopper， silo to re-arrangements， to increase the diameter of 5 to 10 mm aggregate positions， to ensure that the expected number of cold， fine aggregate amount of very few， very few cold silo door open for materials to maintain the course of Fine Aggregate drying， to ensure smooth for fine aggregate The main ingredients into the thick belt of the roll-through on aggregate heating burner， a thermocouple detection feed temperature and automatically adjust the oil burner than the wind so that the aggregate temperature reaches 190 ℃ ~ 200 ℃ Heat expected to enter the elevator shaker， thermal materials on target to meet the specifications than the sub-screen to a different thermal bin (screen size can be replaced upon request)， a computer control of the Silo flamenco， according to enter the Auto production mix ingredients， measuring， as a single SMA rough material particle size， small little material， thermal materials may be rough sets in less than regular hopper (deficit expected)， while small-hopper often overflow warehouse is not the normal situation， control Room operators can not adjust the amount of discharge， the SMA not allowed to Lignin fiber and then added to stir the pot with the aggregate common dry mix， then add the computer-control measures the ratio of powder and asphalt， mixing， the expected completion of the finished SMA mix the dry time of four seconds to five seconds， 30 seconds wet mix to 45 Heating temperature control of various materials: asphalt temperature 160 ℃ ~ 165 ℃， the temperature at the scene produced 165 ℃ ~ 170 ℃， the highest temperature of processing 175 ℃， aggregate heating temperature 190 ℃ ~ 200 ℃， the temperature mixture out 175 ℃ ~ 185 ℃ ， The highest temperature mixture (abandoned temperature) 195 ℃， paving the temperature of not less than 160 ℃， the initial starting temperature of not less than 150 ℃， repressing the lowest temperature of not less than 130 ℃， RCC ended temperature of not less than 130 ℃ Open transport temperature no higher than 60 ℃ T As SMA asphalt mixture of asphalt Mastic more viscous resin， the carrier at the bottom of the compartment to the oil-water mixture Tu more， and in order to prevent the carrier surface mixture form a hard shell， the carrier during transport to be decked Tarpaulin， it is necessary to appropriately increase the volume of P Asphalt must be slow， even for uninterrupted Paving process， not free to transform the speed or stop half-way， paving the speed of production should be based on mixing， matching and construction machinery paving thickness， width Paving a speed of 5 m / RCC RCC is the process of construction of an important link in the RCC SMA eight-character principle for the "keeping up， rolling， high-frequency， low-rate" and a reasonable choice roller composition and RCC J (1) longitudinal seam: According to the engineering features， I unit in the asphalt paving mixture used in the course of a Germany-ABG423 paver paving side-by-side， this method can be a whole paver， longitudinal seam to increase the heat The smoothness of the road and beautify the road of visual (2) Joints: SMA road handling the joints than ordinary mixture difficult， therefore， paving set at the edge of the baffle， can also SMA layer of asphalt a day after the completion of construction， not yet in its cooling， That is， cutting good， and joint use of water will be The next day Tushua viscosity of the oil， that is paving the new SMA asphalt mixture construction of the easy questions: (1) the RCC: As the road aggregate SMA embedded crowded， not degree of compaction， the degree of compaction easier to achieve， but with the RCC to increase the number of times， the aggregate continue to go down， Mastic A little bit of fat to the floating， resulting in reduced structural RCC in the process， with particular attention to the surface structure remained at 1 to 5 millimeters in order to have appropriate structural (2) in the oil spot: SMA opening of the road after the oil spot is a common disease， which is due to the SMA fiber caused by uneven Therefore， in mixing， it is necessary to strictly control the number of fibers running and running time and extended dry mix， to ensure uniform mixing We must pay attention to storage during the dry fiber to prevent the fibers exposed to moisture into (3) RCC forming a high enough temperature is a common SMA in the 130 ℃ RCC effect on the In the low temperature at RCC， is not prone to the In the lane in the process of rutting， is inadequate because of the RCC 你可以试下这个《road and bridge》——美刊 可以看一些行内的核心期刊，比如《中国公路学报》《力学》等，也可以看看各个学校的学报，比如《同济大学学报》《哈工大学报》《长安大学学报》等，或者有些教材也可以作为参考文献。
土木工程的英文是Civil Engineering ，直译是民用工程，它是建造各种工程的统称。它既指建设的对象，即建造在地上，地下，水中的工程设施，也指应用的材料设备和进行的勘测，设计施工，保养，维修等专业技术。土木工程随着人类社会的进步而发展，至今已经演变成为大型综合性的学科，它已经出许多分支，如：建筑工程，铁路工程，道路工程，桥梁工程，特种工程结构，给水排水工程，港口工程，水利工程，环境工程等学科。土木工程共有六个专业：建筑学，城市规划，土木工程，建筑环境与设备工程，给水排水工程和道路桥梁工程。土木工程作为一个重要的基础学科，有其重要的属性：综合性，社会性，实践性，统一性。土木工程为国民经济的发展和人民生活的改善提供了重要的物质技术基础，对众多产业的振兴发挥了促进作用，工程建设是形成固定资产的基本生产过程，因此，建筑业和房地产成为许多国家和地区的经济支柱之一。古代的土木工程有很长的时间跨度，大致从公元前500年新石器时代出现原始的土木工程活动到16世纪末意大利的文艺复兴，导致土木工程走上迅速发展的道路为止，前后经历了两千多年。在这段时间内，由于科学理论发展及其缓慢，土木工程也没有突破习惯的发展。从17世纪中页开始到20 世纪40年代第二次世界大战结束为止的300年间，国外的建筑取得了长足的进步。土木工程进入了定量分析阶段。一些理论的发展，新材料的出现，新工具的发明，都使土木工程科学日渐完善和成熟。到了近代，二战结束之后，许多国家经济起飞，现代科学日益进步，从而为进一步发展提供了强大的动力和物质基础。人们生活水平的不断提高，必然要求越来越舒适的居住环境，在这种情况下，建筑的发展直接推动了土木工程的发展。总的来说土木工程是一门古老的学科，它已经取得了巨大的成就，未来的土木工程将在人们的生活中占据更重要的地位。地球环境的日益恶化，人口的不断增加，人们为了争取生存，为了争取更舒适的生存环境，必将更加重视土木工程。在不久的将来，一些重大项目将会陆续兴建，插入云霄的摩天大楼，横跨大样的桥梁，更加方便的交通将不是梦想。科技的发展，以及地球不断恶化的环境必将促使土木工程向太空和海洋发展，为人类提供更广阔的生存空间。近年来，工程材料主要是钢筋，混凝土，木材和砖材，在未来，传统材料将得到改观，一些全新的更加适合建筑的材料将问世，尤其是化学合成材料将推动建筑走向更高点。同时，设计方法的精确化，设计工作的自动化，信息和智能话技术的全面引入，将会是人们有一个更加舒适的居住环境。一句话，理论的发展，新材料的出现，计算机的应用，高新技术的引入等都将使土木工程有一个新的飞跃English is the Civil Engineering Civil Engineering， civil engineering is literally， it is the construction of the project It means building objects that the construction on the ground， underground， water works facilities， equipment and materials to use in surveying， design construction， maintenance， repair and other professional Civil Engineering with the progress of the human society， has been transformed into large integrated disciplines， it has a number of branches， such as : construction， rail projects， road projects， bridge projects， special project structure， water drainage works， the port project， water， environmental engineering A total of six professional Civil Engineering : architecture， urban planning， civil engineering， construction and environmental engineering equipment， water drainage works and road bridge Civil Engineering as an important foundation subjects， its important attribute : an integrated， social， practicality， Civil Engineering for the development of the national economy and improve the living standards of the people provided important material and technological foundation for the revitalization of many industries played a catalytic role in the construction of fixed assets is a basic production process， the construction and real estate in many countries and regions become a pillar of the economyAncient Civil Engineering has a long time span， roughly 500 years before Christ from the original date in civil engineering activities to the 16 century Italian Renaissance， resulting in the rapid development of the Civil Engineering on the road today， and has experienced more than 2，000 During this period， due to the development of scientific theories and slow， there is no breakthrough in civil engineering Century from 17 pages to 40 years in the 20th century end of the Second World War 300 years， foreign construction made great Civil Engineering has entered a phase of quantitative Some theoretical development， the emergence of new materials， new tools of invention， the Civil Engineering Science is perfection and In modern times， after the end of World War II， many countries economic takeoff， the increasing advances of modern science， so as to provide a powerful impetus to further development and material People's living conditions continue to improve， more and more comfortable living environment for the inevitable in the circumstances， the construction of development directly to the Civil Engineering
