英语论文开题报告范文 function and application of descriptive translation studies 1 introduction the intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of descriptive translation studies as in its application in translation practice and translation since early 20th century， translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical from then on， schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for among these schools is descriptive translation studies (dts) dts approaches translation from an empirical translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target therefore， translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison， and is incorporated in social and cultural my attention was first directed to dts by its peculiar characteristic of observation， description and the subject is whatever happens in translation practice， from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies， brainstorming and the revision， to the final product making appearance in the target the method of dts is basically the prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is translation phenomena are noted with accumulated data， some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation i will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this a convenient tool has been set up to conduct “norm” is operative at every stage of description and function， process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of the case taken in this thesis is the chinese classic the dream of red two english versions translated respectively by yang hsien-yi and david hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation in this regard， my observations are limited to several aspects， i hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of 2 outline 1 development and major concepts of dts in this part i will describe holms’ basic map of dts and the relationship between function， process and i will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation， multiple translation， translationese， norm 2 methodolgy i will in this part discuss the methodology of dts before i apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept 3 dts in contrast to other theories a contrast study will be conducted here with the objective to find the difference of dts from other theories such as equivalence theory and the chinese xin da ya some advantage will possibly be shown in this 4 case study in this part， translation of the dream of red mansions (also translated as the story of the stone) will be under investigation in light of translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at 5 conclusion based on the above elaboration of dts and the case study， possible conclusion will be on the advantage of dts in specific study of suggestions on further research efforts will be made (note: while the topic will remain the same， the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of ) 0 000
论文题目 On Translating English Metaphors into Chinese（英语隐喻汉译） 学生姓名 学号 指导教师 一、本选题的目的和意义： 本选题旨在研究隐喻在英语日常用语中存在的普遍性、可译性及其翻译的方法，重点从文化交际的角度对日常用语中隐喻的汉译进行深入的理论探讨。 本选题突破了历来将隐喻的汉译局限在诗学、修辞学、文学等范畴。由于“翻译是跨语言、跨文化的交际活动”(陈宏薇：1996)，翻译对各民族之间文化的传播起着非常重要的作用。我们对日常用语中隐喻的汉译研究应与英语语言文化背景的研究结合起来。 二、本选题国内外研究的现状和发展趋向： 对隐喻的研究在国外已形成较为完整的体系，其中以Lakoff &Johnson(1987)的研究最具有代表性，而对于其汉译的研究却凤毛麟角。国内对于隐喻的研究主要受Lakoff & Johnson理论的影响，其中以胡壮麟、朱永生为主要代表。在隐喻翻译的研究方面，李国南(1990)，胡文仲(1994)对于英汉成语或谚语中的习用性比喻的喻体进行过比较，并探讨了其翻译的途径。在近期出版的刊物中有对隐喻翻译研究方面的文章，其中以徐莉娜的《隐喻的翻译》为主要代表。但其研究的范围也只局限于文学、修辞用语的隐喻翻译。 三、主要研究的内容： 本文分五个部分。一、简要介绍隐喻与语言以及语言与文化之间的关系，提出日常用语中隐喻的汉译不可忽视文化背景，并简述本论文的主要内容。 二、重点论述隐喻在英语日常用语中存在的普遍性。三、分析隐喻的特点，从人类文化的共性论述其可译性。四、讨论隐喻的汉译标准、难点、过程、基本方法以及根据语境而确定译法的原则。五、详述隐喻汉译的方法和技巧，指出在翻译实践中，对每种方法的使用都不能走极端。结论部分，总结研究隐喻汉译所具有的实用价值。 1．引言 2．英语日常用语中隐喻存在的普遍性 1隐喻的定义 2关于隐喻研究的常用术语 3英语日常用语中的隐喻 英语日常用语中隐喻的特点 1日常用语中隐喻的分类 1习用性隐喻 2新生隐喻 2英语隐喻与汉语隐喻 3英语日常用语中隐喻的可译性 英语日常用语中的隐喻的汉译 1翻译的标准 2日常用语中隐喻汉译的难点 3日常用语中隐喻汉译的过程 4日常用语中隐喻汉译的基本方法及原则 日常用语中隐喻汉译的方法与技巧 1直译法 2意译法 3转译法 4直译和意译结合法 四、参考文献： [1]A “Rhetoric” (W R Roberts， T) In W D Ross (E) The Works of A Oxford: Clarendon P (Original Work Written 330 BC)， [2]Brodkey， L Review: The Languages in M College English， 1988， (1): 89-94 [3]Goatly， A The Language of M London: Routledge， [4]Jin Di and Eugene， A N On T Beijing: China Translation Publishing Company， [5]Lakoff， G & Johnson， M Metaphors We Live by C Chicago: University of Chicago Press， [6]Nida， Eugene A & William， R Meaning Across C New York: Maryknoll of N Y Orbis Book， [7]Soskice， JM Metaphor and Religious L Oxford: Clarendon Press， [8]Tylor， Edward B Primitive C London: John Murray， [9]陈宏薇（不加汉语拼音，下同）新实用汉译英教程 [M]，武汉：湖北教育出版社， [10]陈文伯英语成语和汉语成语 [M]，北京：外语教学与研究出版社， [11]陈望道修辞学发凡 [M]，上海：上海教育出版社， [12]邓炎昌，刘润清语言与文化 [M]，北京：外语教学与研究出版社， [13]范家材英语修辞赏析 [M]，上海：上海交通大学出版社， [14]冯明之 英文成语故事 [M]，香港：万里出版社， [15]冯庆华 实用翻译教程 [M]，上海：上海外语教育出版社， [16]胡文仲 文化与交际 [M]，北京：外语教学与研究出版社， [17]徐莉娜 隐喻的翻译 [J]，中国翻译，1999，(3):18- 五、预期的课题进度计划： 1．2007年4月25日 完成初稿，并上交指导教师审阅。 2．2007年5月9日提交论文第二稿。 2007年5月16日提交论文第三稿。 3．2007年5月17日-6月9日继续修改论文直至定稿。 5．2007年6月13日提交毕业论文。 6．2007年6月14日-23日准备论文答辩。 7．2007年6月24日进行毕业论文答辩 （进度计划不能照抄，应根据实际情况从3月5日起至6月24日止编写计划。） 六、完成论文的条件、方法及措施： （一）条件 1．已经修完英语专业的所有课程，对英语国家概况和跨文化交际有较全面和深入的了解； 2．学校图书馆和学院资料室具备有关本论文研究所需的丰富的书籍、期刊等参考文献； 3．已经收集较丰富和全面的文献资料； 4．具有上网条件及丰富的网上资源。 （二）方法及措施 1．利用图书馆和互联网进行资料的检索网； 2．小组讨论交流。
