Diesel vehicles Diesel vehicles may be making a Diesel engines are more powerful and fuel-efficient than similar-sized gasoline engines (about 30-35% more fuel efficient) Plus， today's diesel vehicles are much improved over diesels of the Better Performance Improved fuel injection and electronic engine control technologies have Increased power Improved acceleration Increased efficiency New engine designs， along with noise- and vibration-damping technologies， have made them quieter and Cold-weather starting has been improved Cleaner Today's diesels must meet the same emissions standards as gasoline vehicles， and advances in engine technologies， ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel， and improved exhaust treatment have made this Although emissions of particulates and smog-forming nitrogen oxides (NOx) are still relatively high， new "clean" diesel fuels， such as ultra-low sulfur diesel and biodiesel， and advances in emission control technologies will reduce these pollutants Hybrid-electric vehicles; Hybrid-electric vehicles (HEVs) combine the benefits of gasoline engines and electric motors and can be configured to obtain different objectives， such as improved fuel economy， increased power， or additional auxiliary power for electronic devices and power Some of the advanced technologies typically used by hybrids include Regenerative B The electric motor applies resistance to the drivetrain causing the wheels to slow In return， the energy from the wheels turns the motor， which functions as a generator， converting energy normally wasted during coasting and braking into electricity， which is stored in a battery until needed by the electric Electric Motor Drive/A The electric motor provides additional power to assist the engine in accelerating， passing， or hill This allows a smaller， more efficient engine to be In some vehicles， the motor alone provides power for low-speed driving conditions where internal combustion engines are least Automatic Start/S Automatically shuts off the engine when the vehicle comes to a stop and restarts it when the accelerator is This prevents wasted energy from Flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs) Flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs) are designed to run on gasoline or a blend of up to 85% ethanol (E85) Except for a few engine and fuel system modifications， they are identical to gasoline-only FFVs have been produced since the 1980s， and dozens of models are currently Since FFVs look just like gasoline-only models， you may have an FFV and not even know To determine if your vehicle is an FFV， check the inside of your car's fuel filler door for an identification sticker or consult your owner’s FFVs experience no loss in performance when operating on E However， since a gallon of ethanol contains less energy than a gallon of gasoline， FFVs typically get about 20-30% fewer miles per gallon when fueled with E Electric vehicles (EVs) Electric vehicles (EVs) are propelled by an electric motor (or motors) powered by rechargeable battery Electric motors have several advantages over internal combustion engines (ICEs): Energy Electric motors convert 75% of the chemical energy from the batteries to power the wheels—internal combustion engines (ICEs) only convert 20% of the energy stored in Environmentally EVs emit no tailpipe pollutants， although the power plant producing the electricity may emit Electricity from nuclear-， hydro-， solar-， or wind-powered plants causes no air Reduce energy Electricity is a domestic energy Performance Electric motors provide quiet， smooth operation and stronger acceleration and require less maintenance than ICE The Down Side: Batteries EVs face significant battery-related challenges: Driving Most EVs can only go 150 miles (or less) before recharging—gasoline vehicles can go over 300 miles before Recharge Fully recharging the battery pack can take 4 to 8 Battery cost: The large battery packs are expensive and usually must be replaced one or more Bulk & weight: Battery packs are heavy and take up considerable vehicle Researchers are working on improved battery technologies to increase driving range and decrease recharging time， replacement frequency， weight， and These factors will ultimately determine the future of EV 翻译没找到~~~~~~
