飞机 ( An Introduction to Aeroplane) Airplanes come in many different shapes and sizes depending on the mission of the aircraft， but all modern airplanes have certain components in These are the fuselage， wing， tail assembly and control surfaces， landing gear， and powerplant(s) For any airplane to fly， it must be able to lift the weight of the airplane， its fuel， the passengers， and the The wings generate most of the lift to hold the plane in the To generate lift， the airplane must be pushed through the The engines， which are usually located beneath the wings， provide the thrust to push the airplane forward through the The fuselage is the body of the airplane that holds all the pieces of the aircraft together and many of the other large components are attached to The fuselage is generally streamlined as much as possible to reduce Designs for fuselages vary The fuselage houses the cockpit where the pilot and flight crew sit and it provides areas for passengers and It may also carry armaments of various Some aircraft carry fuel in the fuselage; others carry the fuel in the In addition， an engine may be housed in the The wing provides the principal lifting force of an Lift is obtained from the dynamic action of the wing with respect to the The cross-sectional shape of the wing as viewed from the side is known as the airfoil The planform shape of the wing (the shape of the wing as viewed from above) and placement of the wing on the fuselage (including the angle of incidence)， as well as the airfoil section shape， depend upon the airplane mission and the best compromise necessary in the overall airplane The control surfaces include all those moving surfaces of an airplane used for attitude， lift， and drag They include the tail assembly， the structures at the rear of the airplane that serve to control and maneuver the aircraft and structures forming part of and attached to the The tail usually has a fixed horizontal piece (called the horizontal stabilizer) and a fixed vertical piece (called the vertical stabilizer) The stabilizers provide stability for the aircraft—they keep it flying The vertical stabilizer keeps the nose of the plane from swinging from side to side (called yaw)， while the horizontal stabilizer prevents an up-and-down motion of the nose (called pitch) (On the Wright brothers' first successful aircraft， the horizontal stabilizer was placed in front of the Such a configuration is called a canard after the French word for "duck") The hinged part found on the trailing edge of the wing is called the It is used to roll the wings from side to Flaps are hinged or pivoted parts of the leading and/or trailing edges of the wing used to increase lift at reduced airspeeds， primarily at landing and Spoilers are devices used to disrupt the airflow over the wing so as to reduce the lift on an airplane wing By operating independently on each wing， they may provide an alternate form of roll Slats at the front part of the wing are used at takeoff and landing to produce additional At the rear of both the aileron surfaces and elevators and rudders are small moving sections called trim tabs that are attached by Their function is to (1) balance the airplane if it is too nose heavy， tail heavy， or wing heavy to fly in a stable cruise condition; (2) maintain the elevator， rudder， and ailerons at whatever setting the pilot wishes without the pilot maintaining pressure on the controls; and (3) help move the elevators， rudder， and ailerons and thus relieve the pilot of the effort necessary to move the The landing gear， or undercarriage， supports the airplane when it is resting on the ground or in water and during the takeoff and The gear may be fixed or The wheels of most airplanes are attached to shock-absorbing struts that use oil or air to cushion the blow of Special types of landing gear include skis for snow and floats for For carrier landings， arrester hooks are Forward motion， or thrust， is generated by a thrust-producing device or powerplant to sustain The powerplant consists of the engine (and propeller， if present) and the related The main engine types are the reciprocating (or piston type)， and the reaction， or jet， engine such as the ram jet， pulse jet， turbojet， turboprop， and rocket The propeller converts the energy of a reciprocating engine's rotating crankshaft into a thrust Usually the engines are located in cowled pods hung beneath the wings， but some aircraft， like fighter aircraft， will have the engines buried in the Other configurations have sometime been For instance， the Wright brothers' 1903 Flyer had pusher propellers (propellers at the rear of the plane) and the elevators at the front of the Many fighter aircraft also combine the horizontal stabilizer and elevator into a single stabilator There are many possible aircraft configurations， but any configuration must provide for the four forces needed for
Almost every documentary film on World War II have such a scene: a group like Wu Ying Zhetianbiri from the same Meng Ranjian， they almost to the ground and the vertical angle downward dive， a sharp strange Xiaosheng…… This is the famous Ju-87 S To help people identify the aircraft， the British cartoonist Wren had written a poem to describe it: "A crooked wing， a square-cut tail， Fat legs below and a bomb to trail， Deep-jowled before a glasshouse hump， The Stuka's an unshapely "Steel Butterfly "who is driving the wave-2 This aircraft is produced by the plywood， speed is only 120 to 140 km / Encountered strong wind when the aircraft will be suspended Tingzaikongzhong C But This aircraft has obvious For example， it particularly vulnerable to manipulation， near the goal can switch off the engine goes unnoticed in the enemy head for bombs， the bombing of the headquarters， and the ferry depot， and other key They are also responsible for transporting Ammunition， drugs， food and mail -2-Carrying capacity is very small， but the exact strength is Although they can not let the bombing enemy suffered heavy losses， but the enemy every night Jiaode can not be at German army finally unbearable， from West line for the Messerschmitt -110-fighters to deal with the "Steel Butterfly"
