机械工程Mechanical Engineering摘要： 机械工程是为国民经济建设和社会发展提供各类机械装备和生产制造技术以创造物质财富和提高社会文明水准的工程领域。其工程硕士学位授权单位培养从事机械设备设计、生产制造、检测与控制、使用及维修的高级工程技术人才。研修的主要课程有：政治理论课、外语课、高等工程数学、高等工程力学、现代设计理论与方法、现代制造技术及自动化、现代控制论基础、现代试验技术、电子与信息技术基础、现代材料学、现代管理学基础，以及适当选择与行业相关的专业机械的研究、设计和制造等课程。 一、概述 机械工程是为国民经济建设和社会发展提供各类机械装备和生产制造技术以创造物质财富和提高社会文明水准的重要工程领域，是与人类社会活动关系十分密切、应用非常广泛的工程领域。它是一个传统的工程领域，自人类有史以来，就为生产活动所关注，第一次工业革命、第二次工业革命乃至当前的信息革命，无不直接或间接地同机械工程的发展有密切关系；它也是一个发展迅速的工程领域，随着电子技术、自动化技术、计算机及软件技术、材料科学的发展和渗透，充实和丰富了本领域的基础，拓宽和发展了本领域的研究范畴，并促进机械产品和生产过程向精密化、自动化、智能化、连续化、高效化、集成化方向发展。 本领域涉及机械设计、制造、试验、使用、维修等基础理论、技术和方法。并与材料工程、动力工程、电气工程、电子与信息工程、控制工程、计算机技术、工业设计工程等工程领域及力学学科密切相关。 二、培养目标 培养从事机械设备设计、生产制造、检测及控制、使用及维修的高级工程技术人才。 机械工程领域工程硕士要求掌握现代机械设计基础理论和方法、现代制造技术（包括工艺过程、制造加工设备及系统）、现代控制理论和方法、机电液一体化技术、试验技术、机械性能分析技术、使用维修理论及技术。具有从事新产品开发设计能力、生产工艺设计及实施能力、生产设备管理及使用维修能力。 三、领域范围 由于工程硕士直接为工矿企业和交通运输部门培养高层次工程技术人才，行业特征应该比较突出。行业的覆盖面归纳起来可分为：机械制造设备及生产系统； 工程施工机械及生产系统，材料、化工等专用生产设备及生产系统，起重、运输车辆及物流系统，农业生产机械等。 根据工程技术人员工作性质，领域范围可分为：机械设备的设计、开发，机械设备的制造及管理，机械设备的质量控制、性能检测、试验和特性分析，生产设备管理、使用、保养和维修。 四、课程设置 基础课：科学社会主义理论、自然辩证法、外语、高等工程数学、高等工程力学、计算机技术应用及程序设计等。 技术基础课：现代设计理论与方法、现代制造技术及其自动化、现代控制论基础、现代试验技术、电子与信息技术基础、现代材料学、现代管理学基础等。 专业课：根据服务的行业确定，如化工机械、冶金机械、农业机械、工程机械、车辆工程及与各工程领域密切相关的课程等。由培养单位与合作企业根据实际需要确定。 上述课程可定为学位课程和非学位课程。此外，还可以根据实际情况进行不同的组合和设置。课程学习总学分不少于28个学分。 五、学位论文 结合企业的实际课题进行研究工作，根据研究结果撰写论文。对于新产品设计与开发的技术成果，论文应该具有设计方案的比较、评估，设计计算书，完整的图纸；对于重大技术改造和革新的成果，应该具有对原设备与技术的评价，改造和革新方案的评述及结果的技术和经济效果分析；对于产品质量控制和试验的成果，必须有试验方案、完整的实验数据、数据处理分析方法、结果分析；对于生产设备管理成果，必须给出新的管理理论体系，对企业产量和质量作效果分析，并给出创新管理信息系统等。 Mechanical Engineering Abstract： Mechanical Engineering concerns various types of machinery and manufacturing equipment used to create property and improve the standard of The department which grants master‘s degrees prepares students for careers as high-level engineers， specializing in mechanical design， production manufacturing， measurement and control， operation and The program includes political theory， foreign language， advanced mathematics， advanced mechanics， design theory and methods， manufacturing techniques and automation， control fundamentals， experimental techniques， electrical and information fundamentals， material properties， management tools and other courses related to research， design and manufacturing of machinery in various I Introduction Mechanical engineering， an important and widely applied engineering field closely related to people‘s social activities， provides manufacturing technologies and equipment to create material wealth and promote social progress in the construction of China’s national As a traditional engineering field since the beginning of human history， mechanical engineering has always been the focus of all kinds of production For instance， the First and Second Industrial Revolutions， as well as the present Information Revolution， are all directly or indirectly related to its Mechanical engineering is also a rapidly developing With the growth and permeation of electronic technology， automation technology， computer and software technique， material science， the foundation of the field has been enriched； the research in this field has been broadened and Therefore， mechanical products and production processes are promoted to develop toward precision， automation， intelligence， progression， integration and high Involving a wide range of basic theories and methods such as mechanical design， manufacture， testing， application， maintenance， technique and method， mechanical engineering has a close tie to material engineering， power engineering， electric engineering， electronics and information engineering， control engineering， computer technique， and industrial design II Program Objectives The specialty of mechanical engineering aims to train senior engineers to be engaged in the design， manufacture， measurement， control， application and maintenance of mechanical Graduate is required to grasp basic theories and methods of mechanical design， modern control， modern manufacture technology （including both technological process and machining equipment）， as well as technology in mechanic-electronic-hydraulic integration， testing technology， mechanical performance analysis， theory and technology for application and He must also have the capabilities of developing new products， designing and implementing production processes and managing， operating and maintaining production III Scope of the Field With distinctive trade characteristics， mechanical engineering can be categorized as follows： manufacturing equipment and production system， construction machinery and production system for architectural and civil engineering， special production equipment and system for material and chemical engineering， crane， transportation vehicle and logistic system， agricultural production machinery， In terms of the specific work of engineers， it is composed of the following branches： design and development of machinery and equipment， manufacturing and management of machinery and equipment， quality control， performance measurement， testing and analysis of the property of machinery and equipment， management， operation， and maintenance of machinery and IV Curriculum Basic courses： scientific socialism， dialectics of nature， foreign language， higher engineering mathematics， higher engineering mechanics， computer application technique， design of computer software， Basic technical courses： modern design theory and method， modern manufacturing technology and automation， fundamentals of modern control， modern experimental technique， fundamentals of electrical and information technology， modern material science， modern management science， Specialized courses： specialized courses are selected according to actual requirements of the home enterprise through negotiation with the training Tentative choices include chemical engineering machinery， metallurgy machinery， agricultural machinery， construction machinery， vehicle engineering or other related The above courses can be chosen as degree or non-degree They can be added or lifted in accordance with the requirements of the home The total credits must be no less than twenty- V Thesis Research is carried out on actual projects of the home enterprise， on which the thesis is Theses dealing with design of new products and technical development must contain comparison and evaluation of design schemes， documents for design and calculation， and full Those focusing on important technical advance and revolution must include evaluation of the former equipment and technique， introduction to the improved scheme and analysis of technical and economic Those on product quality control and experiments must incorporate testing schemes， complete testing data， methods for analysis of the data and discussions of the Those on management of production equipment must present new theoretical systems for management， effect analysis of the output and product quality， together with new information systems for
IntroductionMachining aims to generate the shape of work-piece form a solid body，or to improve the tolerances and surface finish of a previously formed work-piece，by removing excess materials in the form of Machining is capable of creating geometric configurations，tolerances， and surface finishes often unobtainable by any other However， machining removes materials， which has already been paid for， in the form of relatively small particles that are more difficult to recycle and are in greater danger of becoming Therefore，developments often aim at reducing or-if at all possible-eliminating machining， especially in mass For these reasons， machining has lost some important markets， yet， at the same time， it has also been developing and especially having captured new markets with the application of numerical Some feel for the important of machining may be gained from the observation that in 1983 there were about 2 million metal-cutting machine tools in the unite states ( of which some 5% were numerically controlled ) and that labor and overhead costs amounted to $125 billion， or 3% of the GNP
