The 21st century， mankind is faced with a more severe population growth， lack of important resources and environmental pollution pressures and challenges， and open up new resources， the path of sustainable development is the development of agricultural industrialization in China the only Insects as the largest on earth has not been fully utilized the resources of the treasure-house and has drawn greater Insect protein resource development and industrialization， will enter the high-tech， high-yield characterized by multi-level， comprehensive utilization Insect-rich protein， unsaturated fatty acids， trace elements， is a senior human nutrition Tenebrio molitor protein contains 18 kinds of amino acids， and essential to the human body contains eight kinds of amino acids， amino acid content accounted for 40% of the total， the ratio closer to the model of the human amino acid requirements， but also contains a variety of minerals， vitamins and trace elements， known as the "treasure house of animal " Tenebrio study abroad to improve the human immune system protein， anti-fatigue， anti-aging， reducing blood lipids and promote cholesterol In this paper， supercritical CO2 extraction technology of oil extraction Preparation of Tenebrio molitor Tenebrio molitor powder skim the optimum conditions were studied in order to get the Tenebrio molitor protein powder as raw material， the use of base formulation and enzyme formulations for proteins of Tenebrio molitor Extraction of the extraction process of these two comparative Tenebrio first preparation of crude protein to Defatted powder， supercritical CO2 extraction technology to skim handling of Tenebrio molitor， Tenebrio molitor in the oil extraction rate as an index， a three-factor three-level orthogonal experimental design to determine Tenebrio supercritical CO2 extraction of oil The optimum conditions are as follows: extraction temperature 45 ℃， the pressure of 25MPa， the time Tenebrio oil extraction rate of 99% Alkaline extraction with high extraction rate， the characteristics of low-cost， single-factor experiments and orthogonal test results show that the best conditions for alkali formulation as follows: alkali concentration of 0% mol / L， at 70 ℃， liquid-solid ratio 12:1 Tenebrio protein extraction conditions for 90min， in the extraction conditions， Tenebrio molitor protein extraction rate can reach 11%， 20% Enzymatic extraction with mild reaction conditions and substrate specificity of the characteristics of a Tenebrio different protease extract the role of protein have different approaches to protein extraction rate and the quality of protein extract as an index to compare the protease protein of Tenebrio molitor extract the effect of protease and that the complex compound extracted flavourzyme efficient and the final protein good quality To enhance the utilization of raw materials and Tenebrio molitor protein extraction rate， selection of these two enzymes for the enzyme Using two separate enzyme extraction， step-by-step for the extraction and re-extract the results of cooperation in comparison to the rate of protein extraction as an index for the reference degree of hydrolysis， the use of single factor experiments and orthogonal experiment to determine the Tenebrio protease extracted the most good process for the composite and complex protease flavourzyme to conduct two-enzyme complex extraction: 6% the amount of enzyme protease complex and composite plus flavourzyme than 1:3， liquid-solid ratio 9:1， extraction time 8 hours， pH 5 temperature of 55 ℃ Optimum conditions in the extraction of Tenebrio molitor protein， extraction rate can reach 83%， 17% Tenebrio body contains a variety of pigments and polyphenols， of which polyphenols easily in response to Maillard reaction， in the course of enzyme to produce more or less bitter peptide， and in order to maintain its optimum pH value range， the need to join the acid， alkali， resulting in a lot of salt， and the protein extract of Tenebrio molitor darker color， to be refined to deal with Tenebrio molitor 3% by adding activated carbon for decolorization， debittering available color clear extract protein taste Through the cation-anion exchange resin can remove 20% of the salt， and finally through the spray-drying the protein to be light yellow Alkali formulation obtained toxicology protein product safety evaluation results show that: protein products derived from the reference base is the basic security of the non-toxic (LD50 in mice is greater than its 120g/Kg)， therefore， can be used as high-protein and other animals In short， this paper two methods of protein extraction studies， the initial establishment of the Tenebrio molitor protein extraction methods and the best technology， the development of Tenebrio molitor for the future of protein resources to provide a theoretical Tenebrio molitor; protein; supercritical fluid extraction; alkali; Enzyme; extraction process; amino acid
The 21st century， mankind is faced with a more severe population growth， lack of important resources and environmental pollution pressures and challenges， and open up new resources， the path of sustainable development is the development of agricultural industrialization in China the only Insects as the largest on earth has not been fully utilized the resources of the treasure-house and has drawn greater Insect protein resource development and industrialization， will enter the high-tech， high-yield characterized by multi-level， comprehensive utilization Insect-rich protein， unsaturated fatty acids， trace elements， is a senior human nutrition Tenebrio molitor protein contains 18 kinds of amino acids， and essential to the human body contains eight kinds of amino acids， amino acid content accounted for 40% of the total， the ratio closer to the model of the human amino acid requirements， but also contains a variety of minerals， vitamins and trace elements， known as the "treasure house of animal " Tenebrio study abroad to improve the human immune system protein， anti-fatigue， anti-aging， reducing blood lipids and promote cholesterol In this paper， supercritical CO2 extraction technology of oil extraction Preparation of Tenebrio molitor Tenebrio molitor powder skim the optimum conditions were studied in order to get the Tenebrio molitor protein powder as raw material， the use of base formulation and enzyme formulations for proteins of Tenebrio molitor Extraction of the extraction process of these two comparative Tenebrio first preparation of crude protein to Defatted powder， supercritical CO2 extraction technology to skim handling of Tenebrio molitor， Tenebrio molitor in the oil extraction rate as an index， a three-factor three-level orthogonal experimental design to determine Tenebrio supercritical CO2 extraction of oil The optimum conditions are as follows: extraction temperature 45 ℃， the pressure of 25MPa， the time Tenebrio oil extraction rate of 99% Alkaline extraction with high extraction rate， the characteristics of low-cost， single-factor experiments and orthogonal test results show that the best conditions for alkali formulation as follows: alkali concentration of 0% mol / L， at 70 ℃， liquid-solid ratio 12:1 Tenebrio protein extraction conditions for 90min， in the extraction conditions， Tenebrio molitor protein extraction rate can reach 11%， 20% Enzymatic extraction with mild reaction conditions and substrate specificity of the characteristics of a Tenebrio different protease extract the role of protein have different approaches to protein extraction rate and the quality of protein extract as an index to compare the protease protein of Tenebrio molitor extract the effect of protease and that the complex compound extracted flavourzyme efficient and the final protein good quality To enhance the utilization of raw materials and Tenebrio molitor protein extraction rate， selection of these two enzymes for the enzyme Using two separate enzyme extraction， step-by-step for the extraction and re-extract the results of cooperation in comparison to the rate of protein extraction as an index for the reference degree of hydrolysis， the use of single factor experiments and orthogonal experiment to determine the Tenebrio protease extracted the most good process for the composite and complex protease flavourzyme to conduct two-enzyme complex extraction: 6% the amount of enzyme protease complex and composite plus flavourzyme than 1:3， liquid-solid ratio 9:1， extraction time 8 hours， pH 5 temperature of 55 ℃ Optimum conditions in the extraction of Tenebrio molitor protein， extraction rate can reach 83%， 17% Tenebrio body contains a variety of pigments and polyphenols， of which polyphenols easily in response to Maillard reaction， in the course of enzyme to produce more or less bitter peptide， and in order to maintain its optimum pH value range， the need to join the acid， alkali， resulting in a lot of salt， and the protein extract of Tenebrio molitor darker color， to be refined to deal with Tenebrio molitor 3% by adding activated carbon for decolorization， debittering available color clear extract protein taste Through the cation-anion exchange resin can remove 20% of the salt， and finally through the spray-drying the protein to be light yellow Alkali formulation obtained toxicology protein product safety evaluation results show that: protein products derived from the reference base is the basic security of the non-toxic (LD50 in mice is greater than its 120g/Kg)， therefore， can be used as high-protein and other animals In short， this paper two methods of protein extraction studies， the initial establishment of the Tenebrio molitor protein extraction methods and the best technology， the development of Tenebrio molitor for the future of protein resources to provide a theoretical
Lepidoptera Life Cycles The life cycle of Lepidoptera (butterflies， skippers， and moths) consists of four distinct stages: egg， larva (caterpillar)， pupa (chrysalis or cocoon) and The butterfly， skipper or moth begins life as a tiny Females lay their eggs on specific plants (called host plants or food plants) that serve as food for the next stage， the Within several days， a caterpillar (or larva) chews its way out of the Caterpillars spend their life eating - increasing their weight more thasn 3000 As it grows， the caterpillar molts， or sheds its exoskeleton， 4-5 After several weeks the caterpillar prepares to enter the pupal The butterflies attach themselves to a firm support， shed their exoskeleton and become a Moth and skipper caterpillars cover themselves with silk (forming a protective cocoon)， shed their exoskeleton and The chrysalis stage may last several weeks -- during which time the body of the caterpillar is broken down and slowly reformed into the body of an adult The pupae inside the cocoons of moths generally spend the winter in the cocoon before completing their transformation the following The new adult emerges from the chrysalis or cocoon with soft， wrinkled Fluid and blood from ther bosy are pumped intot he ， inflating them to their full After the wings inflate and harden (a process that generally takes several hours) the adult butterfly or moth is able to fly and begin its search for food and/or a
本文以家蚕作为鳞翅目昆虫模式生物，使用不同染色方法对家蚕血细胞染色，通过显微镜观察血细胞的形态，并对其进行类型鉴定，为昆虫血细胞分类、免疫功能的进一步研究提供实验依据。Based on silkworm as lepidoptera insects model， using different dyeing methods on silkworm blood cells， through a microscope observation of blood cells form， type and carries on the appraisal， for insect classification of blood cells and to provide experimental basis for the further study of the immune 实验中，分别使用瑞氏染液、姬姆萨染液、瑞氏-姬姆萨复合染液对家蚕血细胞进行染色，通过对这三种血涂片以及未染色血涂片镜检，发现使用瑞氏染色法和吉姆萨染色法染色效果较差，血细胞形态不易观察；Experiment， using ray's dyeing， JiM dyeing， rui's， JiM compound dye solution to dyeing silkworm blood cells of the three blood smear dyeing blood smear microscopy， and not found using Rayleigh's staining and Mr Jim dyes dyeing effect is poorer， blood cells form is not easy to observe;而在未染色和使用瑞氏-姬姆萨染液染色的血涂片中，细胞结构清晰可辩，可作为家蚕血细胞形态观察及类型鉴定的方法。dyeing and use red， JiM dyeing liquid blood smear staining， cell structure clear can argue， can be used as a type of blood cell morphological observation and appraisal 观察中，找到了五种不同形态的血细胞，与目前普遍认同的分类方法一致，主要分为原白血细胞、浆细胞、颗粒细胞、小球细胞和拟绛色细胞。Observations and found the five different forms of blood cells， in line with the prevailing universal classification method， mainly divides into the original white blood cell， plasma cell， granular cell， ball cells and simulated is
