英语论文开题报告范文 function and application of descriptive translation studies 1 introduction the intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of descriptive translation studies as in its application in translation practice and translation since early 20th century， translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical from then on， schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for among these schools is descriptive translation studies (dts) dts approaches translation from an empirical translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target therefore， translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison， and is incorporated in social and cultural my attention was first directed to dts by its peculiar characteristic of observation， description and the subject is whatever happens in translation practice， from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies， brainstorming and the revision， to the final product making appearance in the target the method of dts is basically the prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is translation phenomena are noted with accumulated data， some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation i will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this a convenient tool has been set up to conduct “norm” is operative at every stage of description and function， process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of the case taken in this thesis is the chinese classic the dream of red two english versions translated respectively by yang hsien-yi and david hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation in this regard， my observations are limited to several aspects， i hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of 2 outline 1 development and major concepts of dts in this part i will describe holms’ basic map of dts and the relationship between function， process and i will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation， multiple translation， translationese， norm 2 methodolgy i will in this part discuss the methodology of dts before i apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept 3 dts in contrast to other theories a contrast study will be conducted here with the objective to find the difference of dts from other theories such as equivalence theory and the chinese xin da ya some advantage will possibly be shown in this 4 case study in this part， translation of the dream of red mansions (also translated as the story of the stone) will be under investigation in light of translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at 5 conclusion based on the above elaboration of dts and the case study， possible conclusion will be on the advantage of dts in specific study of suggestions on further research efforts will be made (note: while the topic will remain the same， the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of ) 0 000
一、基本格式：论文只能打印在每页纸的一面上，不得打印在正反面上。论文纸的大小尺寸为a4纸打印。侧面装订。二、题名页：论文题名页上打印格式基本相近，中、英文对照，中文题目页在第一页，英文题目页在第二页。一般由顶部往下三分之一页处打印论文题目，论文题目都用大写字母，下隔八行打印论文调查者姓名、所属电大，再下隔八行视实际情况打上提交日期xx年xx月xx日以及课程名称：论文项目设计上述各项内容都应打印在论文题名页的中间部位。三、摘要及关键词页摘要及关键词页上打印格式同论文题名页，中、英文对照，中文题目页在上，英文题目页在下。一般根据提要的内容多少安排打印。中文题目摘要采用宋体一号，加粗，摘要正文部分采用宋体，小四号。关键字题目部分采用宋体三号，加粗，关键字短语部分采用宋体，小四号。英文题目摘要采用times new roman字体，字号为一号，加粗，摘要正文部分采用times new roman字体，字号为小四。四、致谢页学员可以自选致谢页，一般不要求写中文。英文大标题采用times new roman字体，字号为一号，加粗，正文部分采用times new roman字体，字号为小四。五、目录页英文大标题采用times new roman字体，字号为一号，加粗，小标题部分统一采用times new roman字体，字号为三号，加粗。注意在右方注明对应的页号，中间虚线连接。六、正文页论文的正文需隔行打印，正文采用times new roman字体，字号为小四。大标题为times new roman字体，字号为三号、加粗字。副标题为times new roman字体，字号为三号、加粗。七、尾注、参考文献页与附录页尾注、参考文献页与附录页(大标题采用times new roman字体，字号为一号，加粗)正文部分如尾注、参考文献目录与附录可不必隔行打印，字体为times new roman小四。参考文献按引用文献的顺序，列于论文末。1、M——专著格式：[序号]主要责任者(注：两个责任者之间用逗号隔开)文献题名[文献类型标识]出版地：出版者，出版年起止页码示例：[1]刘小龙电视艺术美学[M]北京：中国广播电视出版社，22-2、C——析出文献格式：[序号]析出文献主要责任者(注：两个责任者之间用逗号隔开)析出文献题名[A]原文献主要责任者原文献题名[C]出版地：出版者，出版年析出文献起止页码(如文内已列明，则省略)例如：[1][英]穆尔电影理论的结构[A]瞿涛电影学文集[C]北京：人民出版社，34-3、N——报纸文章格式：[序号]主要责任者文献题名[N]报纸名，出版日期(版次)例如：[1]周济情系教育 办好教育[N]中国教育报，2004-1-29(1)4、J——期刊文章格式：[序号]主要责任者文献题名[J]刊名，出版年，卷(期)：起址页码例如：[9]李海音乐传播的文化思考[J]当代传播，2004，(10)：26-5、D——学位论文格式：[序号]主要责任者文献题名[D]保管地：保管单位，完成年起止页码例如：[1]邓友论电视艺术的美学性[D]北京：北京广播学院，17-6、R——报告格式：[序号] 报告作者题名[R]保存地点年份7、S——标准格式：[序号] 标准代号，标准名称[S]出版地：出版者，出版年8、P——专利格式：[序号] 专利所有者专利题名[P]专利国别：专利号，发布日期9、Z——各种未定义文献格式：[序号]主要责任者文献题名[Z]出版地：出版者，出版年（资料来源：中国论文网http：///）
