字数太少，只能除便说说三权分立，政治文化Politics of the United StatesThe United States is a federal presidential republic， in which the President of the United States (the head of state and head of government)， Congress， and judiciary share powers reserved to the national government， and the federal government shares sovereignty with the state The executive branch is headed by the President and is independent of the Legislative power is vested in the two chambers of Congress， the Senate and the House of R The judicial branch (or judiciary)， composed of the Supreme Court and lower federal courts， exercises judicial power (or judiciary) The judiciary's function is to interpret the United States Constitution and federal laws and This includes resolving disputes between the executive and legislative The federal government's layout is explained in the C Two political parties， the Democratic Party and the Republican Party， have dominated American politics since the American Civil War， although other parties have also There are major differences between the political system of the United States and that of most other developed These include greater power in the upper house of the legislature， a wider scope of power held by the Supreme Court， the separation of powers between the legislature and the executive， and the dominance of only two main Third parties have less political influence in the United States than in other developed country The federal entity created by the US Constitution is the dominant feature of the American governmental However， most people are also subject to a state government， and all are subject to various units of local The latter include counties， municipalities， and special This multiplicity of jurisdictions reflects the country's The federal government was created by the states， which as colonies were established separately and governed themselves independently of the Units of local government were created by the colonies to efficiently carry out various state As the country expanded， it admitted new states modeled on the existing American ideologyRepublicanism， along with a form of classical liberalism remains the dominant Central documents include the Declaration of Independence (1776)， the Constitution (1787)， the Federalist Papers (1788)， the Bill of Rights (1791)， and Lincoln's "Gettysburg Address" (1863)， among Among the core tenets of this ideology are the following: Civic duty: citizens have the responsibility to understand and support the government， participate in elections， pay taxes， and perform military Opposition to Political Democracy: The government is answerable to citizens， who may change the representatives through Equality before the law: The laws should attach no special privilege to any Government officials are subject to the law just as others Freedom of religion: The government can neither support nor suppress Freedom of speech: The government cannot restrict through law or action the personal， non-violent speech of a citizen; a marketplace of At the time of the United States' founding， the economy was predominantly one of agriculture and small private businesses， and state governments left welfare issues to private or local Laissez-faire ideology was largely discredited during the Great D Between the 1930s and 1970s， fiscal policy was characterized by the Keynesian consensus， a time during which modern American liberalism dominated economic policy virtually Since the late 1970s and early 1980s， however， laissez-faire ideology， as explained especially by Milton Friedman， has once more become a powerful force in American While the American welfare state expanded more than threefold after WWII， it has been at 20% of GDP since the late Today， modern American liberalism， and modern American conservatism are engaged in a continuous political battle， characterized by what the Economist describes as "greater divisiveness [and] close， but bitterly fought "
