Environmental ProtectionNowadays， the issue of environmental protection is becoming more important in We need to be more aware of the dangers of pollutions on earth as well as on our Although we're becoming more technologically advanced， our health is also taking it's This is evident because we see more and more people wearing sunscreen because of the thinning of the ozone Overall， a simple step in protecting our health and the environment is to
Sea pollution Between 75 and 80% of marine pollution is caused by land， particularly 30% of this is from the Around 12% of the pollution is caused by maritime In South America， 98% of domestic wastewater ends up， untreated， in the The countries along the Mediterranean Sea throw 50 million tons of waste into it every year and the Chinese throw 60 million tons of waste into the Yellow sea Over half of the hydrocarbon discharge comes from continents， 5% comes from oil tanker accidents， 20% comes from waste and other ship-related accidents， 4% from sea exploitation and 11 to 15% is due to natural Accidental pollution through hydrocarbon is significantly decreasing and only represents a small percentage of waste through degassing estimated at between 5 and 3 million tons of oil a In 2003， according to the WWF， between 7 and 3 million tons of oil were spread by degassing in the M According to the Ifremer (the French Institute for Exploitation of the Sea)， coastal water pollution cost the world economy almost 8 billion dollars in Marine pollution is the result of products being thrown into seas and oceans， mostly by mankind: domestic waste (sewage and rubbish， pollutants in runoff )， industrial waste (hydrocarbons， metals， synthetic chemical and organic substances， ) and agricultural waste (fertilisers， ) This includes water pollution and marine sediments， and more generally all damage to marine ecosystems caused by harmful substances being discharged into the sea， either by their nature or their Fragile coastal areasMost of the pollution comes from continents and is carried by rivers and It is concentrated in coastal waters which provide water for 99% of total fish In fact， only a small amount of industrial pollution on the high seas is the result of accidents or malice: shipwrecks， deballasting， degassing and oil spills which are spectacular and disastrous when they reach the Plastic bags make up about 60% of the visible mass of waste polluting the sea and cause the death of a million birds， 000 marine mammals and an innumerable number of All coasts are more or less affected by The European coasts from the north to the south， the Atlantic coasts of the North-American continent and the Caribbean， the Pacific coasts from Mexico to Panama and Los Angeles to Vancouver， the seas of China from the north to the south of Japan， of Java， the oriental coasts of the Indian continent， the South-African coast between the Cape and Maputo as well as the banks of the Black sea and the Caspian sea are the most Situation of seas surrounded by land- Mediterranean Sea: 30% of the world maritime trade and 20 to 25% of international oil transport， 156 accidents followed by hydrocarbon discharges between 1977 and 2000， three significant oil spills: Irenes Serenade in Greece and Captain Marcos in Algeria in 1980 and Haven in Italy in 1991; thousands of tons of toxic waste poured directly into the sea by the industry， 60 % of urban wastewater poured into the sea without any prior - Baltic Sea: benthic fauna practically decimated on half of the central Baltic's seabed (000 km2); this is due to land-based pollution (56% nitrogenous content， the remaining 44% coming from the atmosphere); 98% of pollution by hydrocarbons from oil from the -- Caspian Sea: 140 million tons of pollutants poured into the sea every year， 65% from heavy industry wastewater， 44 mg of pesticides per litre (on average) in the northern part， especially that of the Volga delta， compared to the 7mg/l of the Sea of Azov deemed an environmental disaster zone by the Ministry of natural resources of the Russian F - Black Sea， polluted by the Dniestr， the Dniepr， the Danube and the Don， in a very critical state: eutrophication， important and increasing animal mortality rate over the last three decades ， 80% drop in fishing yields， only 6 species of fish that can still be fished out of the 26 which could previously be commonly marketed in this Effects on the marine environmentPollution can be physical， chemical or Pollutants can be natural substances (organic and mineral matter)， synthetic degradable or non-degradable substances (plastics， pesticides) They can be toxic or not with varying Their consequences are much more serious close to coasts than out at Living resources are destroyed or become unfit for The deterioration of water quality can lead to intoxications and illnesses and have an impact on the economy by preventing fishing， leisure activities or water being used for industrial The disappearance of sensitive species and the proliferation of more adapted species threaten Pesticide pollution in South Carolina caused half the disappearance of The 10 billion tons of ballast water poured into the sea every year from one end of the globe to the other introduce species which colonise the environment at the expense of indigenous Toxic substances are stored in the fatty tissue of fish， marine mammals and piscivorous In humans， polychlorinated biphenyl plays a part in causing breast cancer， lung cancer， liver cancer and colon It can cause delays in neurological development and Persistent organic pollutants are concentrated in shells and other filters and they can cause typhoid， hepatitis and other illnesses if they are 本文属于科普文章，也就是综述性文章，不适合发表。仅供参考，有什么问题再商量。祝好！
