A Flow Shop with Compatibility Constraints in a Steelmaking Plant* Abstract We present a scheduling methodology for applications where the generation of schedules is constrained by antagonistic and vague Besides temporal and capacity constraints， compatibility constraints between consecutive jobs are We model the vague constraints and uncertain data by fuzzy set The importance of single jobs and the difficulty to schedule them is defined on the different constraints and is used to control the generation of A preliminary schedule is generated by considering the important jobs and those that are difficult to schedule Easy or not so important jobs are scheduled Finally， the achieved schedule is “repaired” until a schedule is found that achieves a given level of Since the goodness of solutions is rated by fuzzy sets， robust schedules achieve better evaluations than weak However， if no robust solution is found constraints will be This methodology is appropriate for applications in process engineering where uncertain knowledge is We explain the methodology with a case study from a steelmaking plant for high-grade steel 补充： Bidding for the Olympic Games， in a way， an image-creating The first and foremost thing is to let people fall in love with the city at first sight， attracting them by its unipue What image does Beijing intend to create for itself once it has the opportunity to host the 2008 Olympics? It is known to all that the Beijing Municipal Government has already set the theme for the future games: New Beijing， Great O For me， the 2008 Olympics will be a great green Olympics illuminated with two more special colors， yellow and First， yellow is a meaningful The Yellow River is China's Mother River and the descendants of the Yellow E This color has a special origin and great significance for the Chinese Beijing is the capital of New China and previously the capital for nine dynasties in Chinese So， yellow will naturally add splendor to the 2008 G Secondly， the 2008 Olympics will be a red Red is another traditionally cherished color for the whole We adore On big occasions， we like to decorate our homes in It is the color of double happiness， representing joyous moments， auspiciousness， enthusiasm and Red is one of the most suitable colors to describe the future of Beijing Beijing ， together with the whole country， is becoming more and more prosperous in the process of Should the 2008 Olympics be held in Beijing， the whole city will be a sea of red : the red torch，red flags， red flowers， and the radiant faces of millions of joyful Above all， the 2008 Olympics will be a green O Adding a green ingredient is essential in creating an appealing image， as we can't deny the fact that Beijing， at the moment， is not as green a city as what we like it to Striving for an environmentally appealing city has become a central task for all the citizens of B Big efforts have been made in pollution control， replanting and beautification of the According to a project entitled" The Green Olympic Action Plan"， between 1998 and 2007， Beijing， we have invested 100 billion RMB in preserving and protecting the Some 5 million trees and over 1 million acres of grass will be planted along the Fourth Ring R By then， the city's green area will make up 40% of its The city will also dredge its reservoirs used as a water supply to Beijing residents， controlling industrial pollution and moving out the 200 factories presently located within the city Certainly， all of this is no easy But I am sure that all of us have confidence that we will realize these green For now we have the full support and participation of the environmentally conscious Each citizen is showing great concern for every one of the steps the city government As the saying goes， United， we stand， and a green Beijing will be When our aspiration becomes a reality， it will be a unique O" New Beijing， Great Olympics"; will be weaved of these three superb colors: yellow， red and 追问： 用中文写清楚 这篇英文文章研究的是什么问题?这个问题是怎么研究的?发现了什么?这些发现意 味着什么? 谢谢 回答： 第一篇与电有关求采纳
With the development of science and technology， people's lives have been greatly There is no doubt that we benefit a lot from the scientific advancements in many different For instance， the invention of computers dramatically increases work efficiency and helps complete many difficult tasks that were impossible in the Apart from this， new discoveries and technology in medicine improve people's health， which allows them to enjoy a longer The progress of science also enlarges human's ablilities to explore the world around them， from up into space to deep under the Thanks to the development of science and technology， human society has enjoyed continuous prosperity and more However， just like a double-edged sword， science can cause problems It is known to all that the nuclear power， an environmentally friendly source of energy， can also be developed into a weapon of mass In addition， human cloning， which is expected to cure many serious diseases and save lives， may bring disasters of social As a matter of fact， most of the improvements in science are made at the cost of our precious natural resources and have done great harm to the environment where we live Therefore， how to deal with the progress of science and technology properly is worth our careful
外国语学院英语论文格式规范(附样例) A Contrastive Study between English and Chinese Idioms（题目：二号，黑体，加粗，居中，除了英语小词外，其他单词首字母都要大写；另外：除了题目外，论文中所有英文的字体均采用“Times New Roman”）外国语学院 2001级英语教育1030120011XX XXX 指导老师：XXX（学院、专业、学号、作者姓名、指导教师姓名（小四号宋体字，加粗），依次排印在论文题目下，上空二行，居中）【Abstract】 This paper centers on the different expressions of ……（英文摘要：上空二行；题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，加粗，置于粗体方括号【】内，顶格放置；随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格，不用其他任何标点符号；采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，不加粗；单倍行距。）【Key Words】 idiom; comparison; English; Chinese （英文关键词：题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，加粗，两个单词的首字母要大写，置于粗体方括号【】内，顶格放置；随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格，不用任何其他标点符号，采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，不加粗，除了专有名词外，其他单词的首字母不大写，各单词之间用分号“；”隔开，分号之后空一格；最后一个关键词之后不用任何标点符号；单倍行距。） Introduction (顶格，除了第一个单词及专有名词外，其他单词首字母都不要大写；标题最后不用任何标点符号，上空两行) In both English and Chinese， … So， this essay is trying to focus on the differences between Chinese and English idoms in terms of their essential meaning， customary usage and typical expression (Chang Liang， 1993:44; Li Guangling， 1999) (段落第一行缩进4个英文字符；夹注的标注法：出现在夹注中的作者必须与文后的参考文献形成一一对应关系；注意一个或多个作者间的标点符号，时间、页码等的标注法；另外，汉语参考文献的作者要以拼音形式出现，不能出现汉语姓氏；夹注出现在标点符号之前) The similarities between English idioms and Chinese idioms In English， … And it can be clearly seen in the below examples: (1) I don’t know。我不知道。 (2) I am not a 我不是诗人。 (正文中的例子以（1），（2）…为序号排列，直至最后一个例子；而①， ②…则为脚注或尾注的上标序号)… The differences between English idioms and Chinese 1 The characteristics of English idioms（正文章节序号编制：章的编号： ，， ，…；节的编号：1，2…，1，2…；小节的编号为：1， 2…。小节以下层次，采用希腊数字加括号为序，如（i），（ii）…；之后再采用字母加括号，如(a)， (b)，…;每章题目左顶格，小四号字，加粗；每节（及小节以下）题目左顶格，小四号字，不加粗但要斜体；所有章节的题目都单独一行，最后不加任何标点符号） … In conclusion， …2 The characteristics of Chinese idioms … Feng (1998) found some problems as shown in the following examples (注意此句中夹注的另一种写法): (9) We never know the worth of water till the well is (10) People take no thought of the value of time until they lose …1 The analysis of the differences between English and Chinese idioms …(i) … …(ii) … … Conclusion …Bibliography (References) （小四号，加粗，后面不加任何标点符号）Sanved， The Oxford book of American literary anecdotes[C] New York: OUP， 常亮，“关于英语的偏离否定”[J] 。《外国语文》，1993，4：44。冯树健，“否定之否定新说”[J] 。《英语辅导》，1998，6：11。李光陵，“不完全否定浅析” [J] 。《大学英语》，2000，30：30。（论文最后的参考文献中所有文献的排列顺序：尾注：按照编号顺序。夹注：英文文献----网络文献----汉语文献，各个文献的先后以作者的姓氏字母或拼音为序，不用单独加序号或编号；每个参考文献的第二行起必须缩进4个英文字符；5倍行距；另外，与文中的夹注一一对应；不同类型的参考文献写法请参照写作指南中附件2的内容）(以下内容单独一页)汉英习语的对比研究（题目：二号，黑体，加粗，居中）【摘 要】 汉英的习语问题是个既简单有复杂…… …… ……（中文摘要：上空二行；题目采用黑体五号字，加粗，置于粗体方括号【】内，缩进2个汉字字符，方括号中的“摘要”两个字之间空一格；随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格，不用其他任何标点符号，采用楷体五号字，不加粗，单倍行距； 第二行起要顶格；字数约400字，约8-10行；）【关键词】 习语；对比；英语；汉语（中文关键词：题目采用黑体五号字，加粗，置于粗体方括号【】内，缩进2个汉字字符；随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格，不用其他任何标点符号，采用楷体五号字，不加粗，单倍行距；各单词之间用分号“；”隔开，分号之后不空格；最后一个关键词之后不用任何标点符号；单倍行距）一、 基本格式：论文只能打印在每页纸的一面上，不得打印在正反面上。论文纸的大小尺寸为A4纸打印。侧面装订。二、题名页：论文题名页上打印格式基本相近，中、英文对照，中文题目页在第一页，英文题目页在第二页。一般由顶部往下三分之一页处打印论文题目，论文题目都用大写字母，下隔八行打印论文调查者姓名、所属电大，再下隔八行视实际情况打上提交日期XX年XX月XX日以及课程名称：论文项目设计上述各项内容都应打印在论文题名页的中间部位。三、摘要及关键词页摘要及关键词页上打印格式同论文题名页，中、英文对照，中文题目页在上，英文题目页在下。一般根据提要的内容多少安排打印。中文题目摘要采用宋体一号，加粗，摘要正文部分采用宋体，小四号。关键字题目部分采用宋体三号，加粗，关键字短语部分采用宋体，小四号。英文题目摘要采用Times New Roman字体，字号为一号，加粗，摘要正文部分采用Times New Roman字体，字号为小四。四、致谢页学员可以自选致谢页，一般不要求写中文。英文大标题采用Times New Roman字体，字号为一号，加粗，正文部分采用Times New Roman字体，字号为小四。五、目录页英文大标题采用Times New Roman字体，字号为一号，加粗，小标题部分统一采用Times New Roman字体，字号为三号，加粗。注意在右方注明对应的页号，中间虚线连接。六、正文页论文的正文需隔行打印，正文采用Times New Roman字体，字号为小四。大标题为Times New Roman字体，字号为三号、加粗字。副标题为Times New Roman字体，字号为三号、加粗。七、尾注、参考文献页与附录页尾注、参考文献页与附录页（大标题采用Times New Roman字体，字号为一号，加粗）正文部分如尾注、参考文献目录与附录可不必隔行打印，字体为Times New Roman小四。
