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Western novels in comparison First, Western novels in the history of the development of Western novels are based on myths and legends of its In ancient times, science developed, out of fear of nature, the working people out of the imagination is the key to many of the world "God", describing the personification of God is a myth; who will describe the deified, that is China opened the world's Pan story, the story of San Juan Five Emperors, the West Greek mythology, Roman mythology, Norse mythology, and so on are all typical East and West, the original novel, is closely linked with the history, as historical records complement the China Pre-Qin prose in the fable, the Han dynasty in the history books, biographies, the Wei and Jin Zhi, Zhi-person novel; the West of ancient Babylon, "the United States and Ji Jia disabilities epic", in ancient Greece, "Homer's epic," "Aesop's Fables "And so on, fall into this category, fiction, novels such novels have been about the characteristics of fiction, it is still not the literary creation, directly from the private collection record, so this type of fiction plot is relatively simple, writing rough Ban Gu said, "On the Street Lane words, hearsay are made of" is a novel kind of accurate assessment of the China's Tang Dynasty, the novel is only from history and literature become a Tang Dynasty culture has developed, the author's ideas are more open, the legend came into being at this time, Li Zhaowei "Liu Yi Chuan", Po Chu's "Everlasting Regret," Wolf's "Everlasting Regret Chuan" And so on, are made in accordance with the creation of the For the fictional story of the Tang Dynasty more emphasis on imagination and literary talent, not just the history of the nature of things, but as the history of Zhi Zhi who is also the novel did not The Legend of the Song Dynasty to the novel on a gradual decline, which followed the rise of this so that after processing will become a scholar so many novel and Romance novels such as "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Outlaws of the Marsh", "Journey to the W" The author of such novels is the use of private creative and re-created to describe the circumstances of the touching scenes of brilliant and vivid active in shaping the character known, there are obvious story-telling style of Here by the redevelopment, it will become an independent literary creation rather than things to come together with the civil process, the representative of this type is the "Golden Lotus", it was an open and ordinary life on the road, the reality is that literature has come a long way The development of the latter's "A Dream of Red Mansions" in ancient China Geng Shiba realism to the novels of the "54" after the novelist began to learn from China's western fiction writing practices, and gradually out a new Western novels, is the "Renaissance" after the rapid development of The development of the Middle Ages novel near-stagnation in the West, 14, the end of the century "Renaissance" to overthrow the literature of the Church of control, 15, appeared in the western end of the century to promote freedom of thought and the liberation of personality in order to describe the reality of life and portray characters from all walks of life for the content of the Humanist novels, is to tie in with this type of novel anti-feudal Europe at the time of arising at the same time it also set the novel in the West to human describing the tone of the main Jiaqiu Italy's "Decameron", Spain's Cervantes "Don Quixote" is the kind of representative works of The resulting novel is a classical, elegant favor of its national language to standardize the writing of this novel in 17th century France's most well- As a note on behalf of Corneille's "Cid" neoclassical story of the rise of Western novels have been a language substantially The beginning of the 18th century to promote popular science knowledge, enlightenment of the public consciousness for the purpose of the Enlightenment novels, of which there are relatively well-known German Goethe's "Faust", the United Kingdom Defoe's "Robinson Crusoe" and the Swift "Gulliver's Travels" and so on, this type of novel to the emergence of the bourgeois revolution at the time to mold public In the 19th century, romantic fiction, realistic novels and critical realism novel turn to occupy the leading position in the field of Romantic novels, such as France Victor Hugo's "Notre Dame de Paris", Goethe's "juvenile Witt of trouble" and so on, imaginative, unusual ideas, language and imaginative, strong Efforts to reflect the reality of the novel is the essence of life, and depict typical life of a typical phenomenon in the United Kingdom Dickens, France and Germany are of such novels as a representative of the Critical realism novels exposed the efforts of the decadent feudal system and capitalist society, the dark, in-depth criticism of the reality of evil, France Balzac and Maupassant, the United Kingdom of Charlotte, Bronte, Russia's Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, the United States of a large number of writers such as Mark Twain's works belong to this Value today, the three novels in the West is still the most important of the three types of literary East-West novel on the history of the development of more or less the Second, the characteristics of the novel in the West In addition to the basic characteristics of the novel, the story of the West also have their own characteristics are as follows: 1, the traditional Chinese novel attention to the characters, language and the details of the description, in contradiction to the conflict to display the images, but the character of a single, small changes in the absence of the main Western novels are more people pay attention to the psychological description, stressed that mining figure in the subconscious mind, good at writing full, the changes in the strong sense of the main Again, "coach Lin Feng Snow Mountain Temple" in the figure is only through dialogue and action leads to contradictions and conflicts, but Anna Karenina Wogui before a series of conflicts only with his description of the psychological will be able to express their clear; for poetry in Lin In the performance of her literary talent, and Paul with his inner monologue of the ideal; Zhang Zhong-Yong has only the character, but Jane Eyre's character is the brave, strong, warm, kind-hearted, and so many of the character and rubbing and Cheng' In short, people in the area described in the West has its own unique 2, China compared with Western fiction novel plot twists and turns more and more complete Plot twists and turns, the story is complete fiction China's unique traditional The Wei and Jin Zhi Zhi people on the novel twists and turns with vivid Tang legend in the layout of many of the famous, magnificent anomaly, rigorous and clever, dramatic plot The contents of the Ming and Qing Dynasties novels scattered irregular, undulating waves, Cuoluoyouzhi, careful structure, an integral "A Dream of Red Mansions", everywhere She Fu, Hui turning point, the story of Jia's best Western plot in respect of the outstanding works, although there are many, but it can not be compared with the Chinese 3, concise and lively Chinese language novel, rich in content and rich Western Chinese folk artists absorbed the novel language, at the same time inherited the fine traditions of ancient prose, often a few words will be able to outline the incident or the Western novels in the author includes a broad range of knowledge, involve the community in many ways, so rich in content and rich people can gain knowledge in many Engels said he was in Balzac's novel about 19th century France's domestic situation than he received any reports are Western novels have different characteristics, and also in the West different aesthetic concepts to a certain extent 4, Western novels have been the rule of the feudal culture of oppression Chinese feudal culture makes the development of the novel is extremely difficult, Ming and Qing Dynasties more people to write stories for shame, so many great writers living, creating the conditions are not covered, many of the great works of authors who do not Western novels in the feudal culture makes almost the whole of the Middle Ages in the development of extremely slow, and many talented writers were forced to church services, wrote some of the religious nature of the article dry Third, Western novels in the future prospects for the development of End of the Qing Dynasty, China and the West have begun to understand the other side of the system, the advantages of the novel in the West have been constantly learn from each Of course, due to historical reasons, the Chinese side of the draw a little To this day, the novelist in the West efforts are still two researchers in the novel's artistic charm, although the different languages of each other's appreciation of the arts to a certain extent, but the United States are We have every reason to believe that in the near future, the novel art in the West will ultimately learn from each other and integrate, develop and reach new artistic References: "Foreign Literature" Shanghai Translation Publishing House Zhou Xu Liang "Contemporary Literature election," Zhang Zhong, such as Beijing University Publishing House "Chinese literature history of the development of" Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House Liu Jie "Literary History of Europe" People's Literature Publishing House Yangzhou Han Wu Da-yuan Zhao Rui radish "Three high school language textbook used by the five dates of the" People's Education Press仅供参考,请自借鉴。希望对您有帮助。

中西方建筑文化论文题目推荐高中英语

197 评论(13)

felixbai

建筑环境英语论文!!出现 帮忙的 可以的
173 评论(10)

cnzzq

好的,这个很简单,最近我刚好有时间,练练笔
128 评论(13)

carbyne

行的哦,这个很简单啊,我给你,就行
186 评论(11)

baozaiyutou

一) 建筑材料的不同,体现了中西方物质文化、哲学理念的差异。 从建筑材料来看,在现代建筑未产生之前,世界上所有已经发展成熟的建筑体系中,包括属于东方建筑的印度建筑在内,基本上,都是以砖石为主要建筑材料来营造的,属于砖石结构系统。诸如埃及的金字塔,古希腊的神庙,古罗马的斗兽场、输水道,中世纪欧洲的教堂……无一不是用石材筑成,无一不是这部“石头史书”中留下的历史见证。唯有我国古典建筑(包括邻近的日本、朝鲜等地区)是以木材来做房屋的主要构架,属于木结构系统,因而被誉为“木头的史书”。中西方的建筑对于材料的选择,除由于自然因素不同外,更重要的是由不同文化,不同理念导致的结果,是不同心性在建筑中的普遍反映。西方以狩猎方式为主的原始经济,造就出重物的原始心态。从西方人对石材的肯定,可以看出西方人求智求真的理性精神,在人与自然的关系中强调人是世界的主人,人的力量和智慧能够战胜一切。中国以原始农业为主的经济方式,造就了原始文明中重选择,重采集,重储存的活动方式。由此衍生发展起来的中国传统哲学,所宣扬的是“天人合一”的宇宙观。“天人合一”是对人与自然关系的揭示,自然与人乃息息相通的整体,人是自然界的一个环节,中国人将木材选作基本建材,正是重视了它与生命之亲和关系,重视了它的性状与人生关系的结果。 (二)建筑空间的布局不同,反映了中西方制度文化、性格特征的区别。 从建筑的空间布局来看,中国建筑是封闭的群体的空间格局,在地面平面铺开。中国无论何种建筑,从住宅到宫殿,几乎都是一个格局,类似于“四合院”模式。中国建筑的美又是一种“集体”的美。例如;北京明清宫殿,明十三陵,曲阜孔庙即是以重重院落相套而构成规模巨大的建筑群,各种建筑前后左右有主有宾合乎规律地排列着,体现了中国古代社会结构形态的内向性特征,宗法思想和礼教制度。与中国相反,西方建筑是开放的单体的空间格局向高空发展。以相近年代建造、扩建的北京故宫和巴黎卢浮宫比较,前者是由数以千计的单个房屋组成的波澜壮阔,气势恢宏的建筑群体,围绕轴线形成一系列院落,平面铺展异常庞大;后者则采用“体量”的向上扩展和垂直叠加,由巨大而富于变化的形体,形成巍然耸立、雄伟壮观的整体。而且,从古希腊古罗马的城邦开始,就广泛地使用柱廊、门窗,增加信息交流及透明度,以外部空间来包围建筑,以突出建筑的实体形象。这与西方人很早就经常通过海上往来互相交往及社会内部实行奴隶民主制有关。古希腊的外向型性格和科学民主的精神不仅影响了古罗马,还影响了整个西方世界。同时,如果说中国建筑占据着地面,那么西方建筑就占领着空间,譬如罗马可里西姆大斗兽场高为48米,“万神殿”高5米,中世纪的圣索菲亚大教堂,其中央大厅穹窿顶离地达60米。文艺复兴建筑中最辉煌的作品圣彼得大教堂,高137米。这庄严雄的建筑物固然反映西方人崇拜神灵的狂热,更多是利用了先进的科学技术成就给人一种奋发向上的精神力量。 (三) 建筑的发展不同,表现了中西方对革新态度的差别 从建筑发展过程看,中国建筑是保守的。据文献资料可知,中国的建筑形式和所用的材料3000年不变。与中国不同,西方建筑经常求变,其结构和材料演变得比较急剧。从希腊雅典卫城上出现的第一批神庙起到今天已经2500余年了,期间整个欧洲古代的建筑形态不断演进、跃变着。从古希腊古典柱式到古罗马的拱券、穹窿顶技术,从哥特建筑的尖券,十字拱和飞扶壁技术到欧洲文艺复兴时代的罗马圣彼得大教堂,无论从形象、比例、装饰和空间布局,都发生了很大变化。这反映了西方人,敢于独辟蹊径,勇于创新的精神。 (四)建筑价值的不同,显现中西方审美观念的异殊。 从建筑的价值来看,中国的建筑着眼于信息,西方的建筑着眼于实物体。中国古代建筑的结构,不靠计算,不靠定量分析,不用形式逻辑的方法构思,而是靠师傅带徒弟方式,言传手教,靠实践,靠经验。我们对于古代建筑,尤其是唐以前的建筑的认识,多从文献资料上得到信息。历代帝王陵寝和民居皆按风水之说和五行相生相克原理经营。为求得与天地和自然万物和谐,以趋吉避凶,招财纳福,在借山水之势力,聚落建筑座靠大山,面对平川。这种“仰观天文,俯察地理”是中国特有的一种文化。古代希腊的毕达哥拉斯、欧几里得首创的几何美学和数学逻辑,亚里士多德奠基的“整一”和“秩序”的理性主义“和谐美论”,对整个西方文明的结构带来了决定性的影响,一切科学和艺术,它们的道路都被这种理念确定了命运。翻开西方的建筑史,不难发现,西方建筑美的构形意识其实就是几何形体;雅典帕提隆神庙的外形“控制线”为两个正方形;从罗马万神庙的穹顶到地面,恰好可以嵌进一个直径3米的圆球;米兰大教堂的“控制线”是一个正三角形,巴黎凯旋门的立面是一个正方形,其中央拱门和“控制线”则是两个整圆。甚至于象园林绿化、
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