日常交际用语中所突显出的中西文化差异,包括在称谓用语、礼貌用语、告辞用语、邀约用语及比喻用语方面存在的差异一、 交际语言运用中要强调文化差异 跨文化交际学是一门跨学科的研究,它涉及语言学、文化学、心理学、交际学等相关学科跨文化交际学的研究方法是采用现代心理学"格式塔"削瘦的理论演绎的方法探索语言和非语言行为以及他们在跨文化交际中造成障碍和误解,从而产生文化冲突(cultural shock)"在跨文化交际活动中,参与的各方不仅要熟悉本民族的语言和文化,而且要充分了解对方的语言和文化,特别是本民族文化与他民族文化的差异,只有这样才能使交际顺利进行下去"二、交际活动中突显出的文化差异称谓用语 称谓语具有重要的社会功能:它是称呼者对被称呼者的身份、地位、角色和相互关系的认定,起着保持和加强各种人际关系的作用世界上任何一个民族都有自己的称谓系统由于不同的文化背景,各民族称谓词语的数量和指称的范围各有特色中国文化传统"重名分,讲人伦"的封建伦理观念,与西方社会"人为本,名为用"的价值观念,使得中西方在称谓系统上存在着明显的反差称谓的使用差异很容易在跨文化交际中造成不必要的误会在称呼问题上,中国文化一直认为年幼的必须尊敬年老的,这可能与我们传统的社会伦理道德有关称呼比自己年长的人时,我们常常说老王、王老、老爷爷、老奶奶等等,因为"老"字在中国代表着见多识广,足智多谋但在西方文化中,除了在非常正式的场合下称先生、女士、夫人之外,认识的人之间往往直呼其名,上级与下级、长辈与晚辈、老师和学生之间都可以这样,他们认为这样是关系亲密的表示,尤其是年长者,如果你在他们的姓之前加上"old",他们往往会非常生气,因为他们认为这是暗示着你认为他们身体虚弱,风烛残年,失去活力,他们更希望你称呼他们的名字七、八岁的孩子称呼自已的爷爷、奶奶"Tom,Susan"在西方人看来是非常亲切的,可对于中国人来说却是不可思议这将会被视为没有教养,是无论如何不能被接受的另外,在中国文化中表示尊称的词很多,早些时候最通用的是同志、师傅等等,不论男女,都可以这样称呼;在西方文化中,尊称的通用形式为"M"、"M"、"Miss"、"Sir"、"Madam"等近年来,随着改革开放的发展,"先生"、"女士"、"小姐"等国际通用称谓语使用逐渐频繁,这也在一定程度上反映了国际化对我们传统价值观念的冲击礼貌用语 不懂英语习俗的人也知道在需要表达感激之情时需要说"Thank you"但他们却不知道许多其它场合也该说声"Thank you"例如,晚会上,一位美国人用这样的话来赞美一位中国女性:"That's a lovely dress you have "她可能立即回复到:"No,no,it's just a very ordinary "而这样的答复会引起对方的不快,他会认为女士认为自己缺乏审美能力,无法鉴别漂亮裙子和普通裙子这时,恰如其分的做法就是说一句"Thank you"再如"Excuseme"一词,很多人认为它的意思是"对不起",和"Sorry"属同一用途,自然应该在道歉时用到它可英语中"Excuseme"一词通常用在打断别人或打扰别人,希望引起对方注意时用到告辞用语在使用告辞用语时,也存在着较大的文化差异,万万不可对号入座 例如,一位中国学生到美国教师那里请教问题,美国老师热情的接待了他,还耐心地解答了他的问题告辞时学生按照汉语习俗说:"I am sorry for having wasting a lot of your "这会让这位美国老师感到相当费解为什么学生认为自己解答问题是浪费时间,难道学生感到没有收获吗?在上述情况下,告辞时怎样说才算恰当呢?按西方人的习惯,首先应该表示感激之情,然后才道别,而且往往要找一个借口可以说:"Thanks a lot for your I'm afraid I must be leaving I don't want to get caught in the rush "或是"Thank you for occupying you so much precious "这样,既符合英语习惯,又容易被中国学生掌握和接受邀约用语请客吃饭,如果是比较正规的要发请柬,这种礼节在中西文化中相同不同的是吃便饭中国人在客人造访时,临时决定挽留客人吃顿便饭是很平常的事而英美人士要事先发出口头邀请,并约定时间和地点例如:(1)I haven't seen you for a long You must come around for dinner (2)I was wondering if you'd like to come to dinner at our place next Saturday (3)we'd like to invite you to dinner next Friday 上述陈述中,"1"只能认为是寒暄而已,而"2"、"3"则可视为真诚的邀请另外,如果到饭店吃饭,按中国人的习俗应该由邀请人付账,但按照英美人的习惯却不一定如果对方说:"I'll take you to dinner",这意味着对方付钱但如果对方说:"Let's eat togather",这将意味着"going Dutch"对西方人来说,约朋友到饭店吃饭而各付各的钱是很正常的现象比喻用语由于不同语言的人们生活的具体自然环境不同,并受不同的宗教、历史的影响,对很多东西往往赋予各种不同的寓意例如"龙"在汉语中象征着吉祥尊贵、威严和力量中国人称自己为"龙的传人"在西方国家中,则称凶暴的女人为dragon,如:She is a real dragon,you'd better keep away from 她是凶狠的母夜叉,最好离她远点狗在汉语中是一种卑微的动物汉语中与狗有关的习语大都含有贬意:"狐朋狗友"、"狗急跳墙"、"狼心狗肺"、"狗腿子"等,尽管近些年养宠物狗的人数大大增加,狗的"地位"似乎有所改变,但狗的贬义形象却深深
一、翻译类毕业论文选题 1.Study on Translation of Trade Marks and Culture 商标翻译与文化研究2.The Social and Cultural Factors in Translation Practice 影响翻译实践的社会和文化因素3.On the Translation of English Idioms 论英语习语的翻译4.Study on Features and Translation of English Idioms 英语习语翻译特点研究5.The Comparison and Translation of Chinese and English Idioms 中英习语翻译与比较6.Study on Loyalty in English-Chinese Translation 中英互译的忠实性研究7.Cultural Equivalence in Translation 翻译中的文化对等性研究8.Literature Translation and the Important of it文学翻译与重要性研究9.On the Du Fu’s Poems Translation论杜甫的诗词翻译10.The Analysis of Techniques for Learning a Foreign Language Through Translation 通过翻译学习外语的技巧分析11.中英颜色词的文化差异及翻译Cultural Differences and Translation in Chinese and English Color words翻译中不可译性的文化阐释12.An Cultural Perspective on Untranslatability 中英动物文化内涵的不同及翻译13.Cultural Connotation and Translation in Chinese and English Animals浅论翻译中的译者主体性发挥的度14.On Degree of Translator's Subjectivity in Translation修辞策略在广告英语中的效用探究15.A Probe of the Effect of Rhetorical Devices in English Advertisement16.Error Analysis of the English Translation of the Information about Scenic Spots in Wuhan武汉旅游景点资料的英译错误分析17.Semantic--Transliteration-the Most Favorable Method for Translating Foreign Words into Chinese音意兼译—外来词中译之首选方法18.A Tentative Study on the Cohesion and Coherence in Sun Zhili’s Chinese Translation of Pride and Prejudice浅论《傲慢与偏见》孙致礼中译本的衔接与连贯19.Chinese Translation of Attributive Clauses in English for Science and Technology科技英语中定语从句的汉译20.Film Titles and Their Translation——A cross-cultural perspective从跨文化角度分析电影片名及其翻译21.Translating Expressions on Public Signs from Chinese into English汉语公示语英译22.论文化差异与翻译Cultural differences and translation 23.商标名的翻译原则与品牌文化The Translation Principle of Brand Names and Brand Culture24.英文电影片名的翻译策略与翻译方法研究 On Translation of English Film Names25.意美、音美、形美--英文商标的汉译Beauty in Sense, Sound and Form--On Translation of English Trademarks into Chinese26.中文商标英译探On the Translation of Trademarks from Chinese into English二、文化类毕业论文选题27.国际商务谈判中的双赢语用策略The Win-Win Pragmatic Strategies in International Business Negotiation 28.Grice 的合作原则在国际商务谈判中的应用The Application of Grice’s Cooperation Principle in International Business Negotiation 29.中西文化面子观差异对比分析An Analysis on Differences between Chinese and Western Ideas on Face30.中西文化中女性角色意识差异及其对职业发展影响Differences between Chinese and Western Role Awareness of Women and the Effects on Their Career Development 31.英语学习中文化障碍Cultural Obstacles in English Learning32.从中西委婉语的对比透视中西文化差异Understand Chinese and English Cultural Differences through the Comparison between Chinese and western Euphenism33.中英禁忌语比较A Comparison between Chinese and English taboos34.从隐私权看中西文化差异A Comparison between Chinese and Western Cultural Differences from the Aspect of Privacy right 35.中西社会习俗比较A Comparison Between Chinese and Western Social Conventions36.言语行为理论及其应用Speech Act and its Application37.湖北经济学院英语自主学习现状调查A Survey on the Students’ English Autonomous Learning in Hubei University of Economics 38.湖北经济学院双语课程学习现状调查A Survey on Bilingual Courses’ Learning in Hubei University of Economics39.1The Cultural Connotation of English Etymology and the Teaching of English Vocabulary英语词源的文化内涵与词汇教学 40.English idioms—A Mirror Reflecting British Culture英语习语与英国文化反映41.On Values of Chinese from Perspective of Lexicon从词汇角度读中国人的价值观42.On Cultural Differences of Body Language between English and Chinese论中英体态语文化差异43.The Analysis on the Differences of Interpersonal Relationship between Eastern and Western People东西方人际关系要素差异探析44.Approach to Cultural Differences in Sino-US Business Negotiation and its Impacts中美商务谈判中的文化差异及其影响探析45.Asymmetrical Features of Politeness Principle in Cross-cultural Communication跨文化交际中的礼貌原则的非对称性研究46.English and Chinese Euphemisms: A Comparison between Their Cultural Implications从英汉委婉语对比中透析中西文化差异47.On the Cultural Differences of the Etiquette Norms in Chinese and English Nonverbal Communication 中英非语言交际礼俗规范的文化差异研究48.A Comparative Study on the Different Cultural Connotations of Basic Chinese and English Color Words英汉基本颜色词文化内涵对比研究49.Characteristic and Cultural Differences of the English and Chinese Idioms 中英文习语的特点以及文化差异50.Chinese and Western Culture Values in Advertising Language从广告语中看中西方文化观51.The Differences of Family Values between China and American中国和美国家庭观差异52.The Comparison of Chinese and Western Interpersonal Relationships中西人际关系比较53.Cultural Difference Between Chinese and English on Politeness从中英文礼貌用语中看文化差异54.谈跨文化交际中的“面子”观 On Face Perception in Cross-cultural Communication55.委婉语在跨文化交际中的应用 The Application of Euphemism in Cross-cultural Communication56.从英汉习语看东西方文化异同 Differences and Similarities between Eastern and Western Cultures in Chinese and English Idioms57.中英文化中的礼貌对比研究A Contrastive Study of Politeness in English and Chinese Cultures58.解析文化差异引起的语用失误The Study of Pragmatic Failure: From the Perspective of Cultural Differences59.从文化角度论英汉语中的性别歧视On the Sexism in Chinese and English from the Cultural Perspective60.中美商务谈判中的文化因素探析Approach to Cultural Factors for the Sino-American Business Negotiation61.英汉道歉语的对比研究A contrastive study of apologies in English and Chinese62.跨文化交际中颜色词的运用Application of colors in intercultural communication63.英汉寒暄语的差异研究Some difference of small talks between Chinese and English64.不同交际风格中恭维语及其回应的研究Compliment and its response with different communication styles65.英汉动物词汇文化内涵意义对比研究The cultural connotations of animals in Chinese and English66.英语委婉语的功能与效果研究On functions and effects of euphemism in English67.中外幽默的跨文化对比A intercultural comparison between Chinese and foreign humor68.英语副语言交际研究A survey on communication of paralanguage三、语言类毕业论文选题69.语篇分析中的语境功能研究The function of context in discourse analysis70.语篇分析在英语阅读教学中的运用研究Discourse analysis in the application of teaching English reading 71.英语广告语言特点分析An analysis on the feature of English advertisement72.非语言交际与身势语研究Nov-verbal communication and gesture language73.英语委婉语研究About English euphemism