Abstract: The gem microscope， polarized light microscopy and conventional gem identification equipment， infrared spectroscopy， X fluorescence spectroscopy， grating spectral analysis， the horny-coral gem features for the preliminary The results showed that: horny corals of almost pure composition of organic matter， and its main components for iodine (I) elements， a secondary component for chlorine (Cl)， bromine (Br)， barium (Ba)， sulfur (S) Through the measured， to obtain their physical， optical and chemical characteristics of such Through polarized light microscopy studies， discussed the growth mechanism and its layered structure of the causes， but also explore the coral reef of the infrared spectral
这篇没翻译Diamond is the hardest known natural material (third-hardest known material after aggregated diamond nanorods and ultrahard fullerite)， whose hardness and high dispersion of light make it useful for industrial applications and Diamonds are specifically renowned as a material with superlative physical qualities — they make excellent abrasives because they can be scratched only by other diamonds， Borazon， ultrahard fullerite， or aggregated diamond nanorods， which also means they hold a polish extremely well and retain their About 130 million carats (26，000 kg) are mined annually， with a total value of nearly USD $9 [citation needed] About 100，000 kg are synthesized The name “diamond” derives from the ancient Greek adamas (αδάμας; “invincible”) They have been treasured as gemstones since their use as religious icons in India at least 2，500 years ago— and usage in drill bits and engraving tools also dates to early human [citation needed] Popularity of diamonds has risen since the 19th century because of increased supply， improved cutting and polishing techniques， growth in the world economy， and innovative and successful advertising They are commonly judged by the “four Cs”: carat， clarity， color， and Roughly 49% of diamonds originate from central and southern Africa， although significant sources of the mineral have been discovered in Canada， India， Russia， Brazil， and A They are mined from kimberlite and lamproite volcanic pipes， which brought to the surface the diamond crystals from deep in the Earth where the high pressure and temperature enables the formation of the The mining and distribution of natural diamonds are subjects of frequent controversy such as with concerns over the sale of conflict diamonds by African paramilitary There are also allegations that the De Beers Group misuses its dominance in the industry to control supply and manipulate price via monopolistic practices， although in recent years the company's market share has dropped to below 50% In our everyday lives， colors paint our moods and tint our Without color our lives would be bland We would endure a monochrome existence - no powder blue in the sky， no mauve in the sunset， no green in the Colored diamonds come in all of those hues and every other color in nature， sometimes combining in the most beguiling Two factors other than size help to determine the value of colored One is body color in the rough diamond crystal and the other is the quality in the cutting process expressed in the Crystalline cocktails devised by nature over tens of millions of Colors are part mystery， part scientific Blue diamonds are derived from the element boron， which， over eons， mixes within the carbon base of the Yellow diamonds acquire their vibrant colors from Grey， violet and olive diamonds contain The pink， brown and purple tinges in some diamonds derive from structural anomalies within the Some diamonds attain a green color because they came into contact with a natural source of radiation within the earth， probably uranium Each colored diamond is different not only because of its natural body color but also because of the way it is shaped and finally Most fancy color diamonds are cut into cushion or radiant shapes forms， which best bring out the depth of The most skilled cutters shorten the optical light path through the diamond， creating the bright sparkle that is reflected from Cutting deeper pavilions and creating different facets may intensify The cutting of colored diamonds is significantly important， performed by highly skilled craftsmen who combine their technical knowledge with a deep appreciation for beauty and Different regions of the earth have yielded particular types of colored diamonds， and each color requires a master cutter's knowledge and appreciation to unlock the beauty " An architect who created a beautiful edifice， an artist who painted a fine picture， a poet who composed melodious rhymes - they are all gripped with one feeling - a lapidary (gem cutter) feels the same " D Kreptiukov 1929 话说彩钻 在我们生命中的每天，颜色描绘着我们的心情和表达我们的情绪。没有彩色我们的生命会是平淡的。我们将忍耐没有丁点蓝色的天空，没有紫霞的日落， 没有绿色的森林。彩色钻石将自然界所有的颜色都融入自身，有时以最具欺骗性的方式结合。 除大小之外还有二个因素决定着彩钻石的价值。 一是钻石原始晶体本身的颜色，另一个是在加工过程中表现出来的切工等级。 大自然用数千万数年设计出了晶体的鸡尾酒。颜色部份的秘密，我们用科学解析。 蓝色钻石是硼元素经过千百万年与钻石内部碳元素混合而产生的颜色。黄色钻石颜色的产生是因为聚合态的氮震动的结果。灰色的，紫罗兰色的和黄绿色的钻石因为含义定量的氢离子所以产生了对应的颜色。粉红的，褐色和紫色钻石颜色的产生是钻石内部晶格变形的结果。绿色的钻石是因为他们在地球内部接触到天然的放射源，经过幅照就产生了颜色。 每颗彩钻颜色的不同不仅仅是因为它所固有的天然的颜色，还因为切割成成品所选择的不同切割方式。大多数彩钻都被切割成枕型或放射型琢型，为的是让钻石的颜色有足够的饱和度。 最熟练的切割技师通过缩短光穿过钻石内部的距离，使得光线的反射能够更好的体现钻石的活力。将亭部切割的较深并将刻面切割的与常规刻面的有所区别能够更好的表现彩钻的色彩。彩色钻石的切工是至为重要的，切割技师必须对美和色彩有着很深的理解，在此基础上综合运用他的技术与知识才能真正创作出好的切工。地球的不同区域产出不同类型颜色的彩色钻石，每种颜色都需要切割大师用他的知识和对彩钻的理解去开启它内在的美丽。 “…一位建筑师创造了一栋伟大的建筑，一个艺术家完成了一幅传世佳作， 一位诗人构思完成了一首绝妙的诗歌——他们的心里全部都流动着同一种感觉——这种感觉与一位宝石工匠心里的(宝石切割师)一模一样。”
Abstract: The gem microscope， polarized light microscopy and conventional gem identification equipment， infrared spectroscopy， X fluorescence spectroscopy， grating spectral analysis， the horny-coral gem features for the preliminary The results showed that: horny corals of almost pure composition of organic matter， and its main components for iodine (I) elements， a secondary component for chlorine (Cl)， bromine (Br)， barium (Ba)， sulfur (S) Through the measured， to obtain their physical， optical and chemical characteristics of such Through polarized light microscopy studies， discussed the growth mechanism and its layered structure of the causes， but also explore the coral reef of the infrared spectral Key words: horny gold coral， black corals， internal and external features， precious stones characteristics， characteristics of chemical elements
