An artist who seeks fame is like a dog chasing his own tail who，when he captures it ，does not know what else to do but to continue chasing 艺术家追逐名誉，如同狗自逐其尾，一旦到手，除了继续追逐不知还能做些什么。
我们在进行英文学术论文写作的时候，使用类似于“sound ”的短语和术语可能感觉会不错。然而，最终这些短语并不是必要的，甚至会产生更糟糕的效果（模糊论文的内容，让读者难以理解作者想要表达的意思）。《On Writing Well》一书的作者威廉·津瑟(William Zinsser)将“clutter”定义为任何没有必要传达的意思。威廉·津瑟认为：好的英语写作的首要规则之一是不惜一切代价避免clutter。通过减少clutter，才能确保作者的信息传达给读者（无论是同行、导师，还是期刊编辑）。有时候，你的论文被审稿人、编辑批英语不过关，看不懂，很可能就是你使用了clutter用语的原因。clutter通常是没有进行专业科研写作训练的老师学生们容易犯的错误，这正是投必得专业论文编辑所擅长解决的。接下来，笔者将clutter的短语分为三类：冗长的短语、不精确用语，以及陈旧用语，通过10个例句告诉你为什么应该避免使用这些短语。一、冗长的短语学术论文写作切忌使用冗长的短语，使用复杂且长的句子并不能代表英语水平高，反而会使得语句晦涩、累赘。如果你没有发现自己正在使用冗长的短语，或者不知道自己犯了冗长的错误，那么笔者接下来就分享几个冗长短语示例，您可以对照一下，赶紧修改你的论文，只保留必要的单词和短语。 Due to the fact of/that…Due to the fact of/that…就是一个典型的冗长短语，“Because”通常可以用来代替这个冗长的短语。修改前: Due to the fact that more people are hiking in the Adirondacks， there have been more bear 修改后: Because more people are hiking in the Adirondacks， there have been more bear It should be noted that…It should be noted that…可以删掉，直接进入主题，丝毫不会影响句子的内容。修改前: It should be noted that there were only 15 subjects in the 修改后: The study consisted of 15 In consequence of this fact…In consequence of this fact…可以直接替换成because of，并给出this fact具体指的是什么，方便读者阅读理解！修改前: In consequence of this fact， we really do not know how much of an impact daily exercise has on a person's BMI修改后: Because of unreliable reporting and other factors， we really do not know how much of an impact daily exercise has on a person's BMI It's worth mentioning/it’s worth considering…你是不是经常使用“It's worth mentioning/it's worth considering…”，这个句式非常文学化，并不适合我们严谨的学术论文。修改前: It's worth considering whether the recent storm patterns are connected to glacier 修改后: Recent storm patterns may be connected to glacier Further research is needed…is needed to 是不是你经常用到句型？删掉它，将被动句子改成主动句，效果更好。修改前: Further research is needed to determine how extensive the damage to the intestinal wall 修改后: Future studies will gauge the extent to which intestinal walls are In this essay/paper/study， we will…你是不是经常会在论文introduction部分使用“In this essay/paper/study， we will… ”？一般来说，没有明文规定论文一定要介绍你要做什么，有时这种叙述对引导读者是有帮助的。删掉“In this essay/paper/study， we will… ”的内容，你会发现，这对于你的论文没有任何影响。怎么样，修改掉论文中冗长的短语，是不是感觉句子变得清晰易读了？接下来，笔者再来说说SCI写作中经常会遇到的一些不精确的用语。二、不精确用语不精确用语可能是口语用语，多余的，不太正确的，它们在学术论文中是没有意义的。接下来给出2个不精确用语的示例。 End result“End result”短语是多余的。 在大多数情况下，你可以简单地使用“result”或“results”，也可以用" caused "。修改前: The end result of more run-off is higher levels of bacteria in the 修改后: Higher levels of bacteria are caused by increased run- On averageOn average是一个不精确的术语，我们应该避免使用它。修改前: Our results demonstrated that， on average， birds returned to the nest X number of 修改后: According to our results， birds returned to the nest an average number of X 三、陈旧的术语陈旧的术语是一些曾经新鲜、新颖的短语，但由于使用了太多次，它们已经失去了影响力。 这种术语一般是研究领域的一些专业术语，也可以是一些过时的用语。Sheds lightSheds light的意思是使某事容易理解、阐明、揭示，通常用在杂志的封面信或摘要中。Sheds light是不常用、过时的短语，我们应该尽量避免使用它。Sheds light可以替换成suggest、determine。修改前: This research sheds light on why monkeys engage in these 修改后: This research suggests some reasons why monkeys engage in these 修改后: This research determined why monkeys engage in these Paradigm shift一些专业术语不常用，如果可能的话，最好更精确地描述发生了什么变化。修改前: Donaldson's experiments resulted in a paradigm shift in current 修改后: Donaldson's experiments have had some influence on current 写在最后虽然在英文学术论文写作中还有很多避免使用的短语，但上面列出的10个短语是最常见的。 删掉那些不必要的和不精确的短语，不要觉得可惜，你会发现你的论文变得更加简洁、清晰、易懂!
英语学术论文常用句型 Beginning In this paper， we focus on the need for This paper proceeds as The structure of the paper is as In this paper， we shall first briefly introduce fuzzy sets and related concepts To begin with we will provide a brief background on the Introduction This will be followed by a description of the fuzzy nature of the problem and a detailed presentation of how the required membership functions are Details on xx and xx are discussed in later In the next section， after a statement of the basic problem， various situations involving possibility knowledge are investigated: first， an entirely possibility model is proposed; then the cases of a fuzzy service time with stochastic arrivals and non fuzzy service rule is studied; lastly， fuzzy service rule are Review This review is followed by an A brief summary of some of the relevant concepts in xxx and xxx is presented in Section In the next section， a brief review of the is In the next section， a short review of is given with special regard to Section 2 reviews relevant research related to Section 1 briefly surveys the motivation for a methodology of action， while 2 looks at the difficulties posed by the complexity of systems and outlines the need for development of possibility Body Section 1 defines the notion of robustness， and argues for its Section 1 devoted to the basic aspects of the FLC decision making Section 2 gives the background of the problem which includes xxx Section 2 discusses some problems with and approaches to， natural language Section 2 explains how flexibility which often can be expressed in terms of fuzzy time window Section 3 discusses the aspects of fuzzy set theory that are used in the Section 3 describes the system itself in a general way， including the … and also discusses how to evaluate system Section 3 describes a new measure of Section 3 demonstrates the use of fuzzy possibility theory in the analysis of Section 3 is a fine description of fuzzy formulation of human Section 3， is developed to the modeling and processing of fuzzy decision rules The main idea of the FLC is described in Section 3 while Section 4 describes the xx Section 3 and 4 show experimental studies for verifying the proposed Section 4 discusses a previous fuzzy set based approach to cost variance Section 4 gives a specific example of Section 4 is the experimental study to make a fuzzy model of memory Section 4 contains a discussion of the implication of the results of Section 2 and Section 4 applies this fuzzy measure to the analysis of xx and illustrate its use on experimental Section 5 presents the primary results of the paper: a fuzzy set model Section 5 contains some conclusions plus some ideas for further Section 6 illustrates the model with an Various ways of justification and the reasons for their choice are discussed very briefly in Section In Section 2 are presented the block diagram expression of a whole model of human DM system In Section 2 we shall list a collection of basic assumptions which a scheme must In Section 2 of this paper， we present representation and uniqueness theorems for the fundamental measurement of fuzziness when the domain of discourse is order In Section 3， we describe the preliminary results of an empirical study currently in progress to verify the measurement model and to construct membership In Section 5 is analyzed the inference process through the two kinds of inference This Section In this section， the characteristics and environment under which MRP is designed are We will provide in this section basic terminologies and notations which are necessary for the understanding of subsequent Next Section The next section describes the mathematics that goes into the computer implementation of such fuzzy logic However， it is cumbersome for this purpose and in practical applications the formulae were rearranged and simplified as discussed in the next The three components will be described in the next two section， and an example of xx analysis of a computer information system will then illustrate their We can interpret the results of Experiments I and II as in the following The next section summarizes the method in a from that is useful for arguments based on xx Summary This paper concludes with a discussion of future research consideration in section Section 5 summarizes the results of this Section 5 gives the conclusions and future directions of Section 7 provides a summary and a discussion of some extensions of the Finally， conclusions and future work are summarized The basic questions posed above are then discussed and conclusions are Section 7 is the conclusion of the Chapter Abstract A basic problem in the design of xx is presented by the choice of a xx rate for the measurement of experimental This paper examines a new measure of xx in xx based on fuzzy mathematics which overcomes the difficulties found in other xx This paper describes a system for the analysis of the The method involves the construction of xx from fuzzy The procedure is useful in analyzing how groups reach a The technique used is to employ a newly developed and versatile xx The usefulness of xx is also A brief methodology used in xx is The analysis is useful in xx and xx A model is developed for a xx analysis using fuzzy Algorithms to combine these estimates and produce a xx are presented and The use of the method is discussed and an example is Results of an experimental applications of this xx analysis procedure are given to illustrate the proposed This paper analyses problems in This paper outlines the functions carried out by This paper includes an illustration of the This paper provides an overview and information useful for approaching Emphasis is placed on the construction of a criterion function by which the xx in achieving a hierarchical system of objectives are The main emphasis is placed on the problem of xx Our proposed model is verified through experimental The experimental results reveal interesting examples of fuzzy phases of: xx， xx The compatibility of a project in terms of cost， and xx are likewise represented by linguistic A didactic example is included to illustrate the computational procedure Chapter Introduction Time Over the course of the past 30 years， has emerged form intuitive Technological revolutions have recently hit the industrial world The advent of systems for has had a significant impact on the The development of is explored During the past decade， the theory of fuzzy sets has developed in a variety of directions
