In the past decade， the concept of a second-order or an advanced analysis has been described in various national design codes of practice such as the Load and Resistance Factor Design Specifi- cation for Structural Steel Buildings ( 1986 ) and the Australia standards ( AS4100 1990 ) Unlike the 1inear analysis where checking of member strength against instability and second-order effect is carried out by the element design formulas in the codes， the second-order analysis automatically includes the effects of these nonlinear As aresult of this， stress， allowing for the second- order P-δand P-△ effects，can be automatically computed and compared with the factored yield stress， or the design strength， in the analysis so that the empirical approach to amplify the moment due to a large change of geometry becomes unnecessary， resulting in much convenience and In addition， the second-order and advanced analysis--including various linear and nonlinear terms for a more accurate computation of member forces and moments-provides a much more effective and accurate means of assessing the strength， stability， and serviceability of a structure and is expected to be widely accepted by the engineer， provided that an effective and robust analysis method is available This "integrated design and analysis approach "is aimed at using a sophisticated second-order analysis to design practical steel frames fulfilling the design code A literature survey shows that typical second-order analysis methods ignore many important characteristics and requirements for practical design， including the member initial imperfection and its direction， consistency between the linear and the nonlinear models due to the need to use several elements per member for a second-order analysis， and loads along The proposed method includes these terms so that it can be used to directly design real and practical steel frames fulfilling the advanced analysis 中文：过去十年中，二阶或高等分析的概念在各种国内设计规范中被描述，例如结构钢建筑负载和抗性因子设计规格( 1986 ) 和澳大利亚标准 ( AS4100 1990 ) 。不同于线性分析用规范中的元设计方程来执行构件强度反不稳定性和二阶效应的检查，二阶分析自动地包括这些非线性条件的效果。结果是应力允许二阶P-δ和P-△效应，可被自动地计算并与屈服应力或设计强度相比较，以便在分析中不再需要因几何形状的巨变而扩大力矩的经验方法，结果更方便、精确。此外，二阶与高等分析--包括更精确的构件力-力矩计算的各种线性和非线性条件，并提供更有效和更精确的结构强度、稳定性和适用性估计方法，可望被工程师广泛接受，提供一个有效的分析法是可行的。"综合设计和分析进展"针对使用复杂的二阶分析去实施规范需要的应用钢框架设计。一篇文献调查认为典型的二阶分析法忽视了许多重要的特性和实践设计需要，包括构件初始不完整性和它的方向，线性和非线性模型之间的一致性因为需要对每构件几个元件作二阶分析，和沿构件的负载。建议的方法包括这些条款以便它能直接用于实现高等分析要求的设计和应用钢框架。
In the past decade， the concept of a second-order or an advanced analysis has been described in various national design codes of practice such as the Load and Resistance Factor Design Specifi- cation for Structural Steel Buildings ( 1986 ) and the Australia standards ( AS4100 1990 ) 在过去的十年里，这一概念的二阶或一个先进的分析描述了各国家设计规范的实践，如负荷和阻力因子设计具体-阳离子对钢结构建筑结构(1986年)，AS4100澳大利亚标准(1990)。 Unlike the 1inear analysis where checking of member strength against instability and second-order effect is carried out by the element design formulas in the codes， the second-order analysis automatically includes the effects of these nonlinear 不像1inear会员力量在检查分析对不稳定和二次效应进行元素设计公式，在代码，二阶分析的影响自动包括这些非线性的条件。 As aresult of this， stress， allowing for the second- order P-δand P-△ effects，can be automatically computed and compared with the factored yield stress， or the design strength， in the analysis so that the empirical approach to amplify the moment due to a large change of geometry becomes unnecessary， resulting in much convenience and 所以，压力，允许P-δand秒——秩序——△P效果，可自动计算和比较了屈服应力与因素，或设计力量，在分析，以便为实证研究，健全的时刻由于庞大的变化就变得不必要的几何，导致许多方便和准确性。 In addition， the second-order and advanced analysis--including various linear and nonlinear terms for a more accurate computation of member forces and moments-provides a much more effective and accurate means of assessing the strength， stability， and serviceability of a structure and is expected to be widely accepted by the engineer， provided that an effective and robust analysis method is available This "integrated design and analysis approach "is aimed at using a sophisticated second-order analysis to design practical steel frames fulfilling the design code 此外，二阶和先进的分析——包括各种线性和非线性条件更精确计算的力量和moments-provides成员还有一种更有效、准确的评估手段和使用性力量、稳定、结构中，他预计将被广泛接受，但由工程师的有效性和鲁棒性分析方法是可得到的，这个“集成设计分析方法”是针对使用一个复杂的二阶分析到设计实用的钢结构设计规范的要求完成。 A literature survey shows that typical second-order analysis methods ignore many important characteristics and requirements for practical design， including the member initial imperfection and its direction， consistency between the linear and the nonlinear models due to the need to use several elements per member for a second-order analysis， and loads along 文学的一个调查显示，典型的二阶分析方法忽略了许多重要的特点及要求，实际的设计工作，包括成员初始缺陷及其方向、一致性之间的线性和非线性模型由于需要使用若干元素/会员二阶分析、荷载沿成员。 The proposed method includes these terms so that it can be used to directly design real and practical steel frames fulfilling the advanced analysis 该方法包括这些条款，以便它可以用来直接设计真正的和实用的钢结构实现了先进的分析要求。
