Politeness principle in communication --- different usages between China and western worldAbstract This essay primarily explores the politeness principle used in As we all know， different people hold different views about Sometimes what the Chinese people considered to be polite may not be true according to western This paper attempts to shed light on some of the important differences on politeness between Chinese and western The politeness principle is affected by different It can’t be used Politeness is a pragmatic phenomenon and exists in any language groups as a social situation and a universal The universal feature of politeness principle is affected by register and The politeness principle used in the western world is different from that in C Because politeness principle was proposed in western historic background， to what degree it is useful in Chinese culture needs more In western world， politeness lays focus on interpersonal equality and In China， politeness owns four primary elements: respectfulness， modesty， attitude and Key words: politeness， politeness principle， communication交流中的礼貌法则——中西礼貌用语差异 这篇论文主要研究礼貌法则在交际中的应用。众所周知，不同地域的人对礼貌的看法不同，有时候中国人认为是礼貌的而在西方人眼中却未必。此文旨在找出中西文化中存在的重要的礼仪差距。一个地域的礼貌原则是受其文化影响，而不是放之四海皆准的。礼仪是一个团体现象且存在于任何一个同语言群体和社会阶层。礼貌原则一个普遍的特征是受文化影响。西方礼貌原则的运用不同于中国是因为它的西方历史背景，在某种程度上是否有利于中国文化还需要进一步研究。在西方世界，礼貌建立在人与人平等和合作基础之上，在中国，礼貌有四大基本元素：尊重，谦逊，态度和文雅。 关键词：礼貌，礼貌原则，交流CatalogueAbstract···························································1Key words·························································1Introduction·····················································2The meaning of politeness·········································2The meaning of politeness principle and evaluation···················· Different origins and usages of the politeness principle ·················6 1 Different origins of politeness principle ···························7 2 Politeness principle affected by different cultures····················7 1 Value concept system······································7 2 Thinking pattern·········································8 3 Politeness principle used in the control of ·············· Conclusion·······················································13Reference··························································13Introduction As an important pragmatics principle， the Politeness Principle has always been a focus of study over the past People are animals of the society， and live in the communication sometimes what the Chinese people considered to be polite may not be true according to western This paper attempts to shed light on some of the important differences on politeness between Chinese and western When people of different cultural backgrounds communicate with each other， misunderstandings as well as conflicts come World surrounded by Communication activities satisfy the practical needs----material transformation or message communication as well as the process suitable for the social Communication is the prerequisite for the smooth and successful relationship among human beings and it promotes human beings’ Politeness is a universal phenomenon among all the social groups， but it is marked by different The politeness principle as well as language form is used differently between China and western 到这里可以看看，，
The University’s ethos or atmosphere is perhaps the most unique concern of this This is a topic that is seldom directly addressed in meetings and planning Campus ethos is also quite difficult to One vital question is the extent to which excellence is， in fact， generally valued， recognized， and rewarded on Community “self-esteem” and morale are linked in part to the perception that common goals are being pursued and accomplished， and that contributions to excellence are recognized and fairly Across-the-board raises， for example， by definition discount merit and provide equal compensation regardless of performance with regard to institutional Across-the-board raises thus send the wrong message， and in essence disregard institutional Even in years when the increase in total compensation is meager， salary increases do accumulate over the years to create differential recognition of This， in turn， necessarily raises the question of what constitutes “” Recent changes in performance appraisal procedures do increase emphasis on specifying individual performance goals， in relation to which merit can be assessed and Procedures are needed to ensure that such specific evaluation goals are set for all staff each year， correspond to UNM’s mission and values， are clearly communicated to staff， and do form the core of performance evaluation in relation to which merit is assessed and Similar processes can be incorporated into ongoing post-tenure review of Historically UNM is an institution with a salary scale that compares unfavorably with those of peer It is therefore important for UNM to recognize excellence not only in compensation， but in an institutional tradition and culture of UNM does this fairly well on a grand scale with university-wide awards， but recognition of student， faculty， and staff excellence need to be done more consistently within each unit of the U
Chinese and Western cultural differences in the performance of every aspect of daily life from the greeting 、 term diet and cultural differences in the way of thinking in the abstract， such as differences everywhere， from the West focus on the following colors to express the difference between Chinese and Western cultural differences in areas such as a wedding First， in the West to express the color difference Different colors in different languages is not expressed in the same The representative of China in a sense， the West has a meaning that even the "color" to understand the meaning of the (A) red (red) Whether in China or in the English-speaking countries， often in red and festive celebrations or day- Calendar， red font used these days， therefore， red letter day: refers to the "Day" or "happy " It also refers to the red "liabilities" or "loss" because people are always negative in red to So there are these phrases: red figure deficit in the red loss In common with the Chinese "red" words， translated into English， may not necessarily use the "red" for example: brown sugar brown sugar red wine red wine (B) yellow Yellow in English and Chinese in the extended meaning of the differences are In English， yellow can be said that the "timid， cowardly， despicable，" meaning， for example: a yellow dog despicable， cowardly people a yellow livered coward Chinese yellow symbol of the term is sometimes vulgar， vulgar and obscene， indecent indecency means， such as yellow film， erotica， yellow CD， and so These in the name of "yellow" in English and "yellow" has nothing to However， in another English word blue is the color used to indicate the kind of meaning in Chinese， such as the blue jokes (dirty joke)， blue films (yellow film) Second， the cultural differences in Western wedding First of all， in Western wedding culture and the first in the West in thinking about the differences: the Chinese people more conservative， like excitement， more old-fashioned thinking， so in the history of China for thousands of years the entire wedding customs did not change The thinking in the West is more open to the requirements of the wedding will be lower， they will be the climax of the wedding in the church: the sacred as the "wedding march" into the red carpet， Jiao Mei's father， the bride linked hands Rose walked slowly to the groom， the bride's father， daughter to the groom's hand on hand， her daughter's life will be entrusted to the groom， all eyes followed the couple， filled with well-being in their Second， the result of cultural differences wedding in the West because the West in a different China is mainly Buddhist， but the West is mainly C Therefore， the Western wedding is to be held in the church and the priest is Zhuhun R China's traditional customs of the most important part of the Bai Tiandi is， the worship heaven and earth even after the ceremony has 中西方文化差异表现在方方面面，从日常生活的打招呼用语、饮食文化等差异到思维方式等抽象方面的差异无所不在，下面着重从中西方颜色表达的差异，中西方婚礼文化差异等方面阐述。 一、中西方颜色表达的差异 不同颜色在不同语言中表达的方式并不一样。在中国代表一种意义，在西方又表示一种涵义，甚至对“颜色”的涵义理解恰恰相反。（一）red（红色）无论是在英语国家还是在中国，红色往往与庆祝活动或喜庆日子有关。日历中，这些日子常用红色字体，因此，red letter day：指的是“纪念日”或“喜庆的日子”。红色还指“负债”或“亏损”，因为人们总是用红笔登记负数。于是就有了这些词组：red figure赤字 in the red亏损汉语中常用的带“红”字的词语，翻译成英语，可不一定用“red”例如： 红糖brown sugar 红酒red wine （二） yellow黄色在英语和汉语中的引申含义差别比较大。英语中，yellow可以表示“胆小、卑怯、卑鄙”的意思，例如：a yellow dog 可鄙的人，卑鄙的人a yellow livered 胆小鬼汉语中黄色一词有时象征低级趣味、色情庸俗、下流猥亵的意思，如黄色电影、黄色书刊、黄色光碟等等。这些名称中的“黄”与英语中的“yellow”无关。然而，英语中另一个颜色词blue却常用来表示汉语中这类意思，如blue jokes（下流的玩笑）， blue films（黄色电影）等。 二、中西方婚礼文化差异 首先，中西方婚礼文化差异首先和中西方人在思维方面的差异有关：中国人比较保守，喜欢热闹，思维较古板，所以在中国历史几千年的时间里整个婚礼的习俗并没有多大的变化。而西方人的思想则比较开放，对于婚礼的要求也比较低，他们婚礼的高潮则是在教堂中：随着神圣的《婚礼进行曲》步入鲜红的地毯，娇美的新娘挽着父亲手捧玫瑰慢慢向新郎走去，新娘的父亲将女儿的手放在新郎的手上，将女儿的一生托付给新郎，所有人的目光注视着这对新人，幸福洋溢在他们的脸上。其次，造成中西方婚礼文化差异的原因是中西方不同的宗教。中国是以佛教为主，而西方则是基督教为主的。所以西方的婚礼是在教堂中举行而主婚人则是神甫。中方的传统婚俗中的最重要环节就是拜天地，拜了天地以后就算是礼成了。
