写一篇以金融危机为主题的英语作文。 参考词汇: 金融危机:Financial Crisis 参考范文: What Caused The Financial Crisis? I think we can sum up(总结，概括) the cause of our current economic crisis in one word — GREED(贪婪) Over the years， mortgage lenders were happy to lend money to people who couldn‘t afford their But they did it anyway because there was nothing to These lenders were able to charge higher interest rates and make more money on sub-prime If the borrowers default，they simply seized the house and put it back on the On top of that， they were able to pass the risk off to mortgage insurer or package these mortgages as mortgage-backed Easy money!and what went wrong with our financial system? The whole thing was one big Everything was great when houses were selling like hot cakes and their values go up every Lenders made it easier to borrow money，and the higher demand drove up house Higher house values means that lenders could lend out even bigger mortgages， and it also gave lenders some protection against All of this translates into more money for the lenders， insurers， and Unfortunately， many borrowers got slammed when their adjustable mortgage finally When too many of them couldn‘t afford to make their payments， it causes these lenders to suffer from liquidity issue and to sit on more foreclosures than they could Mortgage-backed securities became more risky and worth less causing investment firms like Lehman Brothers to Moreover，insurers like AIG who insured these bad mortgages also got in The scheme (体系，结构)worked well， but it reverses course and is now coming back to hurt everyone with a vengeance
EVEN by the standards of the worst financial crisis for at least a generation， the events of Sunday Spetember14th and the day before were The weekend began with hopes that a deal could be struck， with or without government backing， to save Lehman Brothers， America’s fourth-largest investment It ended with Lehman’s set for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection and the bank preparing to wind itself up after those efforts Other vulnerable financial giants scrambled to sell themselves or raise enough capital to stave off a similar Merrill Lynch， the third-biggest investment bank， sold itself to Bank of America (BofA)， an erstwhile Lehman suitor， in a $50 billion all-stock American International Group (AIG) brought forward a potentially life-saving overhaul and went cap-in-hand to the Federal R 即使以至少一代人所经历的最坏的金融危机的标准来看，上周六及周日（9月14日）的事件仍是非同寻常的。那个周末开始于拯救美国第四大投行雷曼兄弟的交易有望达成，无论有或者没有政府的支持。然而却以雷曼兄弟的所有努力均告失败后，根据美国破产法案第11章申请破产保护而告终。其它脆弱的金融巨头同样努力地将自己卖出或是筹集足够的资金以避免与雷曼相同的命运。第三大投行美林以500亿美元全额换股交易将自己卖给了以前雷曼的收购者–美国银行。美国国际集团（AIG）正在提出一个潜在的挽救重整方案，并且毕恭毕敬地照美联储脸色行事。
经济学人：加拿大的住宅市场Finance and Economics; 财经；Canada's housing market; 加拿大的住宅市场；Time for a bigger needle; 该出手时就出手；The latest attempt to prick a bubble;戳破泡沫的最新举措；经济学人：Canada's reputation for financial regulation is Its banksgot through the crisis According to Moody's， a ratings agency， Royal Bank of Canadasits alongside HSBC and JPMorgan Chase in the top tier of global And Canadianpolicymakers are old hands at pulling “macroprudential” levers of the sort now in vogue amongrich-world central 加拿大的金融监管一向广受赞誉。它的银行业在这场危机中做到了独善其身。根据评级机构穆迪的报告，加拿大皇家银行与汇丰银行以及摩根大通同列，跻身全球银行界的第一梯队。同时，加拿大的政策制定者也是运用宏观审慎政策的老手，这一政策如今也常被其他富国的央行使用。But questions still Some say that Canada's banks are flattered by a huge indemnity offeredby Canada Mortgage and Housing Corp (CMHC)， a public institution that insures mortgages witha loan-to-value ratio of more than 80% CHMC's book grew to 567 billion Canadian Dollar(557 billion Dollar) in 2011， up from 345 billion Canadian Dollar four years And Canada'shousing market looks very frothy on some measures: The Economist's analysis of price-to-rentratios suggests that Canadian properties were about 75% above their long-run “fair value” in thefirst quarter of 2012 (see chart) Although less than 5% of CHMC's mortgages are in arrears， such exuberance is a The central bank recently labelled housing as “the most importantdomestic risk to financial stability in Canada”但是，仍有问题缠身。部分人士认为，加拿大的银行被加拿大抵押和住房公司（CMHC）提供的巨额补偿金美化了，CMHC是一家为贷款估值比率超过80%的抵押贷款提供保险的公共机构。在2011年，CHMC的抵押贷款额从四年前的3450亿增长到了5670亿加元（合5570亿美元）。并且，从一些指标来看，加拿大的房地产充斥着泡沫：《经济学人》以房价租金比所做的分析显示，在2012年第一季度，加拿大的物业价格高出它们的长期公允价值75%。纵然仅有低于5%的CHMC抵押贷款存在拖欠的情况，但这样的繁荣仍让人忧虑。最近，央行也冠以楼市 “危及加拿大金融稳定性的最大国内隐患”。Repeated efforts by policymakers to take the heat out of housing have not had a So on June 21st Jim Flaherty， the finance minister， had another go， his fourth in Some of the new measures were Buyers of homes worth more than 1m Dollarhave been able to get mortgage-default insurance from CMHC with a downpayment of only 5% In practice， it is hard to find buyers in this bracket who do not have lots of equity in their But after July 9th mortgages for homes of this value will not be eligible for CMHC 政策制定者们给楼市降温的不断尝试并无明显成效。于是，在6月21日，加拿大财长吉姆·费拉逖，在四年来第四次出台了一些新举措。新措施中的一些不过是表面功夫。价值过百万美元住宅的买主能得到由CMHC担保的债务违约保险以及首付仅付5%的优惠待遇。而事实上，很少有这类购房者在购房时不以大量自有资金支付价款的。不过，在6月9日之后，这类住宅将不再适用于CMHC的保险范围。Other measures have more The maximum amortisation period for a mortgage will now be25 years， down from That should hurt demand: last year about 40% of new mortgages werefor terms longer than Refinancing a home will be allowed only up to 80% of its value， downfrom 85% Homebuyers will have to demonstrate their housing costs are no more than 39% oftheir gross household On top of Mr Flaherty's measures， the Office of theSuperintendent of Financial Institutions， Canada's banking regulator， slapped a loan-to-value limitof 65% on borrowing against home 其他那些则更为有力。抵押贷款最长还贷期限如今将从30年降低至25年。这势必将减少需求：去年约有40%的新贷款的期限是超过25年的。允许的房屋再融资的上限从房屋价值的85%降至只有80%。购房者还须证明他们的住房支出不超过家庭总收入的39%。费拉逖的举措中，紧随其后的是，加拿大的银行监管部门，联邦金融机构监督办公室，将贷款和自有资金间的贷款估值比率的限制猛降至65%。Craig Alexander， the chief economist for TD Financial Group， estimates all this will be theequivalent of about a 1% rise in mortgage rates for most He believes that willproduce a slow unwinding of the housing If he is right， and Mr Flaherty's variousinterventions avoid the collateral damage that would be caused by an actual interest-rate rise， Canada's admirers will have another thing to swoon 多伦多道明银行金融集团首席经济学家，克雷格·亚历山大估计，所有这些措施对于购房者而言将等同于抵押贷款利率上升1%。他认为这将促使房产市场缓慢回归。如果他的观点正确，并且费拉逖的各种干预手段能够避免可能引发实际利率上升的附带伤害，那么如此一来，加拿大的崇拜者们又将有一个可以津津乐道的话题了。
EVEN by the standards of the worst financial crisis for at least a generation， the events of Sunday Spetember14th and the day before were The weekend began with hopes that a deal could be struck， with or without government backing， to save Lehman Brothers， America’s fourth-largest investment It ended with Lehman’s set for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection and the bank preparing to wind itself up after those efforts Other vulnerable financial giants scrambled to sell themselves or raise enough capital to stave off a similar Merrill Lynch， the third-biggest investment bank， sold itself to Bank of America (BofA)， an erstwhile Lehman suitor， in a $50 billion all-stock American International Group (AIG) brought forward a potentially life-saving overhaul and went cap-in-hand to the Federal ROn Sunday night the situation was still fluid， with bankers and regulators working to limit the They were girding themselves for a dreadful Monday in the Australia’s stockmarket opened sharply lower on Monday (most other Asian bourses were closed) American stock futures were deep in the red too， and the dollar Spreads on risky credit， already elevated， widened The takeover of Merrill leaves just two large independent investment banks in America， Morgan Stanley and Goldman S
