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保护海洋环境论文摘要

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英文行吗:Once man did not have to think about the protection of his There were few people on the earth, and natural resources seemed to be Today things are The world has become too We are using up our natural resources,and polluting our environment with dangerous If we continue to do this, human life on earth will not We realize that if too many fish are taken from the sea, there will soon be none Yet,with modern fishing methods, more and more fish are We know that if too many trees are cut down, forests will Yet, we continue to use powerful machines to cut down more and more We see that if rivers are polluted with waste products, we will Yet, waste products arestill put into We know that if the population continues to rise at the present rate, in a few years, there won’t be enough What can we do to solve these problems? If we eat more vegetables and less meat, there will be more food Land for crops feeds five times more people than land where animals are Our natural resources will last longer if we learn to recycie The world population will not rise so quickly if people use modern methods of birth Finally, if we educate people to think about the problems we shall have a better and cleaner planet in the future 还有一篇Man and His Environment(人和环境)Man and His EnvironmentThroughout history man has changed his physical environment in order to improve his way of With the tools of technologyhehasaltered many physical features of the Hehastransformed woodlands and prairies into farms and made lakes and reserviors out of rivers for irrigation purposes or hydroelectric Man has also modified the face of the earth by draining marshes and cutting through mountains to build roads and However, man's changes to the physical environment have not always had beneficial Today, pollution of the air and water is an increasing danger to the health of the Each day thousands of tons of gases come out of the exhausts of motor Smoke from factories pollutes the air of industrialized areas and the surrounding areas of the The pollution of water is equally The whole ecological balance of the sea is being changed and industrial wastes have already made many rivers Now environmental protection is more pressing than ever As we know, massive destruction of environment has brought about negative effects and even poses a great threat to man's Indifference to these problems will mean committing Therefore, effective measures should be taken and laws passed to conserve Otherwise,man is certain to suffer from the serious consequences caused by this lack of care for his living

保护海洋环境论文摘要

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我国海洋权益及维护海洋【摘要】本文依据《联合国海洋法公约》的规定,分析了我国海洋权益面临的现实问题,探讨了我国维护海洋权益的策略:临时安排与搁置争议、共同开发是维护海洋权益的基本方针;加大科技和资金的投入是维护海洋权益的重要保障;加强对争议海域的实际控制是维护海洋权益的主要途径。【关键词】《联合国海洋法公约》海洋权益共同开发实际控制海洋权益是海洋权利和海洋利益的总称,包括领土主权、司法管辖权、海洋资源开采权、海洋空间利用权、海洋污染管辖权、海洋科学研究权以及国家安全权益和海上交通权益等等。海洋权益是国家权益的重要组成部分,海洋权益的实现是解决我国人口、资源和环境问题的重要出路,是我国经济腾飞国力强盛的必由之路。了解我国海洋权益的现状,积极有效地维护我国的海洋权益,对于我国有着重要的意义。一、《联合国海洋法公约》与海洋权益《联合国海洋法公约》(以下简称《公约》)1982年通过并于1994年开始生效。它所建立的海洋法律制度第一次对海洋权益进行了全面而系统的规定,从而使各国开发和利用海洋走上了规范化的道路。截至目前,已有155个国家和实体批准了《公约》,我国于1996年5月15日批准了《公约》。《公约》几乎涉及海洋法所有方面的问题,主要内容有两方面:一方面是对传统的基本海洋法律制度,如领海、毗连区、大陆架和公海等进行了细化和完善;另一方面是制定了许多崭新的海洋法律制度,例如专属经济区、用于国际航行的海峡、群岛国、岛屿、国际海底区域、海洋科学技术和海洋环境保护等制度,极大地拓展了沿海国在海洋上的管辖范围,沿海国可以将管辖海域范围从传统国际海洋法所规定的3海里或12海里扩大到200海里专属经济区和大陆架,而且宽大陆架国家还可以主张超出200海里范围的大陆架。《公约》实质上是对海洋归属和管辖的一次重新调整,是海洋资源和权力的一次再分配,是当代国际社会关于海洋权益和海洋秩序的基本文件,标志着新的国际海洋秩序的建立。《公约》的生效,意味着人类进入了全面开发和管理海洋的新阶段。《公约》唤醒了沿海国家开发和维护海洋资源的意识,进而引发了争夺海洋岛屿、海洋国土、海洋资源和海洋通道的新的争斗,使世界热点集中到海洋上,不仅霸权主义国家继续谋求海洋霸权,广大发展中国家也在海洋问题上日益觉醒,尽可能大地圈占海域。但由于大多数国家彼此相邻或相向,沿海国家的利益往往与其相邻或相向国家的利益交织在一起,矛盾的焦点集中在主权的获得或享有以及相应资源的占有或分享。同时,《公约》是世界各国政治妥协的产物,因此还存在着许多模糊不清之处,各国总是从最有利于本国利益的角度出发来解释、运用《公约》,这也留下了许多引起争议的隐患。随着更多的国家批准加入《公约》,海洋权益面临一次全面再分配,海洋权益的斗争将越来越复杂。目前,全世界已有300多处海域出现划界纠纷,有争议的岛屿达100多个。二、中国海洋权益的现状《公约》的有关规定为我国领海和毗连区的宽度主张提供了国际法上的依据和保证。200海里专属经济区和大陆架制度拓展了我国的管辖区域;国际海底区域制度使我国有机会成为深海采矿的先驱投资者,并在东北太平洋有一块15平方公里的矿区;国际航行的海峡的过境通行制度对中国发展远洋交通、走向海峡提供了便利。正如曾任副外长的李肇星所述“《公约》在我国生效有利于维护我国海洋权益和扩大我国海洋管辖权;有利于维护我国作为先驱投资者所取得的实际地位和长远利益;有利于发挥我国在海洋事务中的积极作用;有利于维护我国的形象”。所以,总体来说《公约》对我国是有利的。但是从另一方面《公约》也给我们带来一些负面效应。随着《公约》的正式生效,我国的周边国家纷纷完善海洋立法,调整海洋政策和海洋战略,不顾历史事实和海洋法的具体实施细则和以往的判例,不恰当、不严肃地引用其中对其有利的条款来侵害我国的海洋权益,使我国的许多海域和岛屿无可争议的历史主权面对不少新的争议,对我国海洋权益的维护形成了严峻的挑战。1、我国岛屿被侵占。在东海,中国固有的领土钓鱼岛被日
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