表2 运动疗法的适应证(略) 表3 运动疗法的禁忌证和限制指征(略) 3 运动的实施运动疗法泛指把运动作为一种治疗手段,是人全身大肌肉群参加的周期性连续性有氧运动。病人只有根据自己的疾病情况来选择适当的运动项目、合适的运动强度,以及掌握好运动实施的时间和运动持续时间。见表4。才能获得明显而持久的收益,从而使糖尿病的控制变得易行、经济而且有效。 表4 运动单位交换表(略) 4 血糖监测 糖尿病患者由于体内胰岛素功能的丧失或缺乏不能充分发挥作用,而血糖升高直接影响病情,造成各种急慢性并发症,故必须对糖尿病患者进行血糖监测,根据血糖结果来评估饮食、用药、运动情况以及是否需要调整。患者及家属应学会使用血糖仪监测血糖,最好保持空腹血糖<1~8 mmol/L,餐后血糖<0~0 mmol/L,并定期做尿液检查,查有无酮体,若血糖监测居高不下或尿酮体持续阳性者,应立即就医。 5 评估与展望 糖尿病非药物治疗是糖尿病综合治疗中不可少的重要部分。做好糖尿病非药物治疗,一方面可以减少糖尿病药物的过多使用,另一方面还可以延缓糖尿病各种并发症的产生和发展,减少糖尿病患者日益高涨的医疗费用,节约大量的社会资源,给糖尿病患者带来巨大的益处。在糖尿病饮食治疗、运动治疗、血糖监测、糖尿病教育方面还有许多值得研究和探讨的领域,也是当前糖尿病研究的热点之一。 参考文献: [1] WHODefinition,diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications, report of a WHO consultation[J]Geneva, 1999: [2] 钱荣立糖尿病的代价1999世界糖尿病日口号[J]中国慢性病预防与控制,1999,7(6): [3] 胡传峰,李立明2型糖尿病危险因素研究进展[J]中国全科医学,2002,4(4): [4] 宋 玲,王爱芹健康教育在糖尿病防治中的地位和作用[J]中华临床医药杂志,2002,3(9): [5] 李凤英,房 健,王 丽,等糖尿病患者护理中的饮食指导[J]中国临床康复,2002,6(9): [6] 许曼音享受健康人生-糖尿病细说与图解[M]上海:上海文献技术出版社,2002,36: [7] 郭晓杰,殷继东,吴翠英饮食疗法在糖尿病治疗中的作用[M]中华实用医学,2002,4(16): [8] 黄 莉,蔡筱彦糖尿病的护理[M]国外医学护理学分册,1996,15(4): [9] 王淑英,呼瑞英糖尿病人的饮食控制及护理[J]护理研究,2002,16(1): [10] 张笃香,吕海云,刘爱柱糖尿病病因及饮食疗法[J]时珍国医国药,2001,12(5): [11] Boule NG,Haddad E, Kenny GP, et al Effects of exercise on glycemic control and body mass in type 2 diabetes mellitus:a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials[J]JAMA,2001,286: [12] Aiello LP, Wong J , Cavallerano JD, et al R In: Ruderman N, Devlin JT ,Schneider S ,Kriska A ,ed Handbook of Exercise in diabetes 2nd ed[J] Alexandria,Va: American Diabetes Association,2002: [13] Ross R , Dagnone D, Jones PJ ,et al Reduction in obesity and related conmorbid condition after diet-induced weight loss exercise-induced weight loss in men:a randomized controlled trial[J]Ann Intem Med,2000,133: [14] 胡永善,冯光斌,吴毅,等运动对糖尿病大鼠肝细胞胰岛素受体的影响[J]中国康复医学,1997,12(3): [15] Maiorana A, O,Driscoll G , et al The effect of combined aerobic and resistance exercise training on vascular function in type 2 diabetes[J]J Am Coll Cardiol ,2001,38: [16] 吴 毅运动对糖尿病大鼠骨骼肌细胞膜胰岛素受体及葡萄糖运载体的影响[J]中国康复医学,1998,13(27):
The oxidation of H-2 to water on commercial platinum catalyzed carbon-polytetrafluoroethylene gas diffusion electrode (GDE) has been studied in deoxygenated aqueous solutions with KOH concentrations in the range 0-0 mol dm(-3) The H2O vertical bar H-2 couple behaves reversibly in open circuit, closely following the Nernst A semiempirical equation in agreement with a Tafel-Volmer mechanism, accounting for diffusion, adsorption, inhibition, charge transfer, and ohmic-type drop in the wetted electrode pores, has been developed to quantitatively explain the steady-state linear sweep voltammograms for the different media, temperatures, and feeding hydrogen partial pressures Charge transfer is also slow at high overpotentials except for 0 mol dm(-3) KOH The micropolarization in the current-potential region around the reversible potential has been interpreted considering the Tafel reaction as the rate-determining The decay in exchange current density and the increase in activation energy both, at the reversible potential and high overpotentials, with raising KOH concentration has been ascribed to the increasing blocking and energetic effect of adsorbed hydroxyl The results of the activation energies suggest that the reactive Pt(110) faces are dominant in the dispersed Pt particles of the GDE (c) 2005 The Electrochemical S