商务英语不同于其他专业语言，它有其自身的特点。本文使用了大量的例证从用词和句法两个方面分析了商务英语的主要特征，有助于人们更好地了解和掌握商务英语，为中国的国际商贸活动搭好语言桥梁。 关键词：商务英语 特点 词汇 句法 随着改革开放的不断深入和经济建设的迅速发展，我国的对外经济贸易也日益扩大，商务英语也日益受到社会各界人士的重视，在日常生活和工作中被广泛应用。由于商务英语传达的商务理论和实务等信息的特殊性，商务英语有其特殊的特点。本文主要从商务英语的用词、句法方面分析商务英语的特点。 一、商务英语词汇特点 用词简单 国际商务活动非常讲究效率，使用简单的词语有助于人们进行交流，而复杂偏僻的词不易于理解，会给双方沟通增加障碍。从以下的例子中可以看出简单的词语更易于人们理解。 Complex or rare words Simple words account for by the fact that caused by add the point that add that at a price of $10 at $10 attempts try deliberation thought in the majority of cases most tangible real visualize see 普通词汇，特殊意义 商务英语词汇中使用了大量的普通词汇，这些普通词在商务英语中有其特殊的含义，只有了解这些词的专业意义才能应用自如。例如： We allow a proper discount according to the quantity As to the terms of payment we usually require L/C payable by sight 译：按照订货数量的多少，我方可以给予适当的折扣，至于支付方式，我方通常要求以即期信用证支付。这里“sight draft”是“即期信用证”的意思，是商务英语中的意义，而在一般的英语词汇中，“sight”表示“视力，看见”，“draft”表示“起草，草案”，若是按照普通英语词汇的含义来理解整个句子就会让人摸不着头脑。类似的词汇还有：balance（差额）、collection（托收）、a firm offer（实盘）、particular average（单独海损）、policy（保险单）、endorse in blank（空白背书）、tender（投标）、on sale（特价）、margin（利润，押金）等。 缩略词 在长期的商务活动中约定俗成的缩略语大量涌现。缩略语一般都是由专业术语、组织机构专有名称转化而来，都取词组中的每个单词的首字母，并用大写组成，比较容易辨识。如：M/T (mail transfer)信汇，D/P(documents against payment)付款交单，FOB（free on board）离岸价，COD(cash on delivery)货到付现，CIF(cost，insurance and freight)到岸价，WTO(World Trade Organization)世界贸易组织，EEC(European Economic Community)欧洲经济共同体，NYSE(New York Security Exchange)纽约证券交易所。常用缩略语在外贸函电中出现的频率很高，熟练地掌握这些缩略语有利于我们更好地进行商务活动。 外来词的运用 商务英语中有不少专业术语源于拉丁语或法语，有些则是由其词根派生或合成。它们的意义比较稳定，有利于精确地表达概念，例如：as per（按照），ad valorem duty(从价关税)，bona fidebolder（汇票的善意持票人），de facto fort（事实上侵权行为），force majeure（不可抗力），ex dividend（除股息）等。 新词的不断出现 商务英语作为一门综合类语言学科，与当今的政治、经济、文化和科技活动紧密相关，并随着时代的发展而发展。许多反映当代经济贸易的新思路、新概念及其先进技术等新词汇不断涌现，且大多属于复合词语。比如“Internet”这词，意指“国际互联网”，在以前的词典中没有出现过，它是随着全球经济一体化，信息技术、数字化及网络体系的产生与运用，而出现的新名词。此类词汇还有cybercash(电子货币)、virtual world(虚拟世界)、hacker（黑客）e-business（电子商务）、e-baking（电子银行）、multinational（跨国公司）等新词汇。又如随着公司企业管理方式变革，出现了CEO(首席执行官)这样的新词汇。 商务英语和我们日常交流所使用的英语有很多不同： 第一，单词的含义发生变化。在BEC商务英语中，很多单词的意思都发生了很大的变化，下面给大家列举一些单词。 比如minute这个单词，大家都是知道这个单词表示的是“分钟”，例如：I'll meet you at the car in five minutes。但是在商务英语中，这个词却有其他的含义——“会议记录”，例如：Will you take the minutes? （你可以记会议记录吗？）。 比如margin这个词，日常英语中表示“边缘，边际”，例如：Someone had scribbled a note in the margin。但是在商务英语中，它则表示“利润”，例如：Margins are lowand many companies are struggling。 再比如balance，日常英语中表示“平衡”，I've got a good sense of balance and learnt to ski quite 但是在商务英语中，这个单词则表示“负债”的意思，The balance is due at the end of the Balance sheet即为公司三大财务报表之一的资产负债表。 所以，同学在学习商务英语的时候要注意辨析单词在不同语境中含义的变化，多阅读商务英语类文章，积累词汇量。 第二个特点为，商务英语中经常会使用一个单词的很多个词性。例如： 这个单词有两个词性，大多数考生可能都知道这个单词有动词词性，表示“靠近，接近”，另外为名词词性，表示“方法”，其实作为动词approach还有一个含义是“处理”，相当于deal with， 如：It might be possible to approach the problem in a different way。 address，名词词性为“地址”，动词词性则表示“处理”，如：Our products address the needs of real users。 launch，动词词性为“发射，发布，发行产品”，名词为“发射和发行”，The company hopes to launch the new drug by next October。 在商务英语中，经常会使用单词的众多含义和词性，这也是体现了语言的多样性和灵活性的特点，因此，考生在学习商务英语，或者平时积累英语知识的时候，要注意了解词汇的各个词性和用法，含义。 第三个特点就是商务英语中特有的商务词汇。 value for money 例如： value for money product turnover: 例如：The illicit drugs industry has an annual turnover of some �0�5200 bn。 例如：a high degree of labour turnoveramong women undercut the price：例如：Online bookstores can undercutretailers by up to 30%。 这几个词的含义分别为：物有所值的产品，营业额或者是员工离职，最后一个为比其他公司低的价格出售。 第四个特点是商务英语在写作与口语表达方面的格式。 其中尤其以商务写作的特点突出。商务写作，即商务信函，主要是用于商务沟通所需要，因此比较正式，却别于一般性质的信函和写作。这里我们举一些简单的例子来说明商务信函的正式方式，我们以信件为例。 商务信函首先是构架有规则。 商务信件的格式为： 称呼，Opening 首段（多为提及上次信件或本封信的目的），The first paragraph 信的主体（根据内容分段）Body 最后一句话（期待回函或见面）Final sentence 结束语 closing phrase 姓名 Name 职位（根据需要决定是否写职位）Position Tips： 请求对方做某事： 商务英语当中表示请求时可以用问句来表示写信人的客气，如：Could you please send us recent updates 另外就是使用套句，如：We would be grateful if you could please send… 给出信息： 在告诉其他人信息时，不要直接就说出信息的内容，如：Just to letyou know that…而是遵循商务英语的语言方式和风格，We are pleased to inform you that… 进行指示： 不要说Call me if you need moreinformation。而是需要用正式的说法 Forfurther information， please contact our sales office 信件的最后一句话： See you next week! 这类的话非常的随意，因此要注意使用的场合。We look forward to hearing from 这样的句子是非常正式的。 结束语： 我们日常信函中经常会说Best regards Best wishes，但是在正式的商务英语中要说Yours sincerely。
On the Characteristics of Business English Language and Translation Abstract: The Business English to convey Information such as business theory and practice， its highly specialized vocabulary， stylistic norms formal statement， a simple and neat， multi-sociability sets of language， there are some metaphors， hyperbole， contrast and other rhetorical Participants should have a strong business cross-cultural awareness， business English translation should abide by 'the faithful， accurate， and unified' three principles， but the translation should not blindly emphasized that trademark 'faithful'， but should aim to achieve 'communicative function' right and so on， to reach commodity propaganda English for Specific Purposes Business English belongs to a branch， a And there is no fundamental difference between General English， business English， is in a different business scenarios in the use of English， so has its 'business' [1] (P17) 1， business English vocabulary and its contents are highly specialized business English vocabulary is characterized by the use of the most precise use of professional vocabulary， which contains a large number of specialized vocabulary， with the ordinary meaning of the word business or compound words， as well as acronyms and so [2] commonly used terms such as price FOB， CIF has its own specific professional FOB (free on board)， FOB price; FOB means the seller to deliver goods by the buyer is responsible for producing the freight CIF (cost， insurance andfreight)， cost， insurance and freight CIF means the seller is responsible for freight， insurance Others such as: CWO (cash with order)， orders of payment; B / L (bill of lading)， bills of lading; L / C (letter of credit)， letters of credit; COD (cash on delivery)， shipping to pay now; WPA (with par2ticular average)， W P A (referring to the sea in the insurance business in the part of the loss caused by an accident); blue chip， blue chip， blue-chip stocks; bad debt， bad debt (that is not recoverable accounts receivable); a firm offer， firm offer， and so Do not understand these technical terms， they can not prepare for such business English [3] (P1025) Business English vocabulary not only has the basic meaning of words， with a specific professional connotation， but in different settings have different For example: (1) Liquidity: Basically， this is the ability of a company to re2pay its short-term It is usually measured by the current ratio (current assetsν current liabilities) For companies with high stocklevels， the so-called quick ratio may be more relevant since thisexcludes stocks from the current solvency: solvency is basically a company's ability to repay short-term debt， usually with the turnover rate (current assets current liabilities ν ) Table A large proportion of the stock companies， the so-called fast turnover rate (ie: liquid assets do not include money paid for shares) may be more (This translation contains several errors) highly specialized business English， this feature has also decided to English translation of the special nature of the For business English translation of the standards and principles， both wrote in admiration of the 'letter and Elegance'， M Liu Zhongde's' letter， up， cut '， or Peter Newmark's communicative translation method， Nida's' Functional Equivalence 'and so can not fully applied， but may be an appropriate I believe that M Liu Fagong proposed 'faithful (faithfulness)， accurate (exactness)， Unity (consistence)' Business English translation of the principle of fundamentally adapted to the specificity of business E Faithful， that is correct information in the original language translation language is available out of grammar and sentence Structure are not demanding the same， but requested that the information content on the same Accurate， that is the original language into the target language content conversion process of the contents of selected words accurately， so that the precise expression of concepts， and materials with the name referred to the right， digital and unit precision and accuracy are the core of business English Unity， that is， Chinese-English translation of the translation process， concepts， terminology should remain united at all times， does not allow the same concept or terminology translation of arbitrary (Liu method public '， the Chinese translation'， 2002，1) the translation of example listed in the liquidity， current ratio， current assets， current liabilities， quick ratio of the translation was not accurate， uniform， while the stock was mistranslation， the translator misinterpreted The term of the stock of the meaning in this context， I believe that these translations can be improved example listed as follows: mobility， actually refers to a company's ability to repay short-term debt， usually with the current ratio (current assets Total current liabilities total ν ) to A large proportion of the stock companies， th2， Business English words in the body language that has standardized， formal nature of Joos (1962) once the language is in use due to the relative position of both communication and social relations arising from changes in the different divided into five classes， called the five kinds of body language (style)， namely: cold body (frozen) --- formal style (formal) --- to discuss body (consultative) --- casual style (casual) --- intimate body (intimate) Business English is used in a variety of international business English， business communication between the parties should not only embody the principles of equality and mutual benefit， but also to maintain good relations of cooperation， it is necessary to ensure that the terms used in its international general nature that is acceptable， but also can not be too colloquial， too informal， word style should be between a formal body (for2mal) --- to discuss body (consultative) Thus， overly simplistic， colloquial some prepositions and adverbs， such as because， about， if， like， for， such as in Business English will be more formal specification replaced by prepositional phrases， such as on thegrounds that， with reference to， in the event / case of， in the natureof， for the purpose of and so Spoken often used in verb phrases， such as the goon， add to be more formal， such as a single verb continue， supplement Business English style on different occasions has different Such as business letters are written language， more formal specification， but the present trend is the use of concise business letters vivid spoken， so that warm tone， nature， manifested in the usual big words and formal terms have been replaced by short word or phrase， such as the use 'We tryto choose our trading partners ' alternative 'We endeavor tochoose our trading partners with ' in the business contracts， frequent use of some very formal， unfamiliar words to display business documents normative and As with the expiry rather than the end， with certify not prove Commercial contracts are legal documents， its informality is also reflected in the extensive use of a number of legal jargon or legal characteristics of words， such as the infringement (infringement)， NOWTHEREFORE (hereby， wishes)， IN WITNESSTH WHERE OF (I certify)， From here / there / where the Old English preposition often constitute the contract documents for the English phrases， such as the hereafter Since then， in the future; hereby hereby， it is; herein herein， this; hereinafter below; hereof In this article， on this point; hereto in this (agreement or written material)， this; heretobefore date， before; hereupon followed immediately; thereafter thereafter thereafter; thereby result， and therefore; therein， in which; thereinafter below， the following ; thereof in which it; thereon / upon in his last， in this; thereto increases in (agreement) above is included; thereunder， in its next; whereas light; whereby virtue; wherein there; whereof wishes; whereupon a result， S Translation of such business， when the public style， but also translated into Chinese style of business the public， so that style of functional For example: (2) WHEREAS， A desires to export to B the goods as specifiedin Exhibit A thereof (hereinafter called the'Goods'); and whereas， B desires to import the Goods from A Now， THEREFORE， Aand B hereby agree as follows: In view of Party A to Party B is willing to export this contract items specified in Annex A (hereinafter referred to as 'goods'); and the light from the Party A Party B is willing to import these goods， therefore， Party A and Party B agree to enter into special the following provisions: (3) IN WITNESS WHREROF， the parties hereto have causedthis agreement to be executed by their respective representatives on the date first above I certify that this Agreement by both parties and signed on behalf of the above-mentioned date of As noted in the above analysis shows， business English translator on various occasions， we must accurately grasp the source of the stylistic characteristics of body language as much as possible in the target language to find the corresponding words in the
商务英语（BUSINESS ENGLISH ）是以适应职场生活的语言要求为目的，内容涉及到商务活动的方方面面。商务英语课程不只是简单地对学员的英文水平、能力的提高，它更多地是向学员传授一种西方的企业管理理念、工作心理，甚至是如何和外国人打交道，如何和他们合作、工作的方式方法，以及他们的生活习惯等，从某种程度上说是包含在文化概念里的。商务英语其核心在于沟通的培训。当今的商务活动强调人实际的商务沟通能力，能否用最准确、清晰的商务语言来与老板和客户进行沟通、交流在很大程度上决定你成功与否。当然，达到沟通的理想状态和以“商务”为核心的这样一个语言培训过程，商务英语的教师应该有扎实的英语功底和丰富的商业背景。只有具备语言、商业知识、商务技能的老师，在课堂上才能传授给学生商务英语方面的知识，更能辅之以大量的商务知识和商务技能的讲解，知识面涉及管理、贸易、法律、财会等显示商务活动，优秀的商务英语教师是“商务”的核心。1、内容严谨结构复杂用词要准确严谨，词语的意义与其使用的语境密切相连，并与其存在的文化息息相关。语境不同，词汇的意义也有差别。译者在翻译的过程中选词要准确，概念表达要确切，数码与单位要精确’，要忠实、准确地将源语言的信息用目标语言表达出来，做到原文读者获得的信息与译文读者获得的信息内涵相等。商务英语中为了达到委婉表达的效果"往往多使用被动句"这与汉语的表达大不相同$因此"英语被动句在译成汉语时不存在现成的对应表达方式"而需要依据汉语的习惯用法"从丰富的句式和辅助词语中挑选一些适当的手段来表现出原文的被动含义。2、擅长使用专业术语这主要是由于商务英语涉及的是贸易、商务、营销财务等理论和实物都很强，呈现出的语言专业性也强。3、涉猎广范，具有实用性商务英语的语言形式、词汇、以及内容等方面与专业知识密切相关，它承载着商务理论和商务实践等方面的信息，对专业词汇的精确使用是商务语言在词汇使用上的最大特点商务英语翻译常用技巧商务英语翻译常用技巧。4、常使用缩略词在商务英语翻译过程中所采用的译名、概念、术语等在任何时候都应保持统一。不允许将同一概念或术语随意变换译名，不统一的译名必然造成误解，使读者对译文不知所云。作为一名商务译者，对相关专业知识要有相当的了解，才不至于误译，给有关双方造成纠纷和损失。在翻译的过程中要注意正确使用商务专业术语，缩略语及出现在不同领域中的专业新词语。参考资料：商务英语的特点
