1 the meaning of social welfare and the essential character of The connotation of social welfare and outreach with the times and the evolution of the From the history of developed countries， the focus of social welfare through social assistance from social insurance to social services to the universality of the Today， in developed countries， a variety of numerous social benefits and social services to become the most talked about social welfare In our country， on the one hand with the socio-economic development， social welfare has gradually deviated from the scope of social assistance; On the other hand， developed countries due to the impact of the concept of social welfare， for social welfare have taken place in view of significant change， and At the same time， a wide range of views and Defined as the author put it， the social welfare state and social members of society to meet basic needs for survival on the needs of the community and mutual assistance mechanisms to improve their quality of life In reality， the social welfare often meet people in life， including care， health care， culture， entertainment， spiritual comfort needs， such as activities， in addition to the broad sense， including housing， education， medical care and so Social welfare has three essential characteristics: (1) give priority to vulnerable In any era， in any society there are the elderly， children， the disabled and other vulnerable groups of society， they have some special needs， because of their lack of ability， need protection from society and to meet， mainly living care services， also include physical rehabilitation， education， employment， rights and interests of the protection needs of the State and society should first meet the needs of this group and socio-economic development with continuously enhance their quality of (2) Of the individual beneficiaries of social welfare with Vulnerable groups for the provision of social welfare services， because their income and capacity to pay is limited， often for free or a nominal fee， which is undoubtedly of Even if the relatively high fees charged， but as long as the service does not meet the market price， then there are still welfare， social "The market price is to determine whether there is a yardstick of social " If the market price in accordance with the charges on the field of social welfare beyond the economic sphere (3) "Social Welfare to meet members of society to focus on higher level or a higher level of social security needs，" Most of these requirements is provided in the form of services， therefore， the socialization of social welfare services are the main ways and Characterized by social welfare services provided for individuals to meet their various Therefore， the main body of welfare services and resources of the community， but the object and manner of service is individual and must be tailored to each client's specific characteristics and circumstances， flexible and diverse， in line with local conditions to carry out welfare 2 China's traditional social welfare system and its reform China's traditional social welfare system means that before the reform and opening up the planned economy era， the social welfare It presents a system of supply and filled both the binary-type pattern of Such welfare model is the division of China's urban-rural dual economic system to In the cities， the redistribution of social welfare-type benefits are institutionalized， is the level of protection and welfare of countries with high levels of welfare This model with full employment are closely linked to the employment The vast majority of urban residents in employment through their own units to be comprehensive and generous social To sickness and death from life， it is almost all aspects of life have been the care and protection Such a system even if the level of benefits compared to the western welfare states， but also Because under the traditional system is not self-financing state-owned units， and the state finance is "an account"， so the national and unit Units only country to provide various benefits to the residents the tools and In addition， the city， there are some non-employed persons such as David孤老residues， such as "three noes" of the object， the national civil affairs departments to accept the adoption and relief， are filled-based welfare model， but because the number of people covered by very few cities in China only at the social welfare system and to add the status of a In rural areas， the social welfare of our turnover is a typical type of collective welfare Countries are basically social welfare in rural areas do not take responsibility， but by the rural collective organizations (such as people's communes， production teams， ) is limited to assume the responsibility， that is， rural areas， such as David孤老residual "three noes" personnel "Five" At that time， the economic development of rural areas are very backward， and rarely from the State financial support to do so by the rural collective well-being can only cover a small number of the "three noes" of personnel， but also the level of social assistance benefits Under the planned economy era， the state won， a high level of urban well-being with the project incomplete， relief of the rural-based segmentation of mutual benefits， in sharp 70's at the end of the 20th century， China's reform and opening up has entered a new historical In order to meet the ever-changing socio-economic structure， social welfare system in the 20th century， the mid-80's embarked on Today， in the field of social welfare have begun to take shape a set of "socialization of social welfare" reform ideas and principles and "Socialization of social welfare" in its infancy in the early 20th century， 80， made clear in 1990， in the 2000 National Social Work Conference of the welfare society has been systematically In practice， the original performance is characterized by social relief， the Government arranged， only for the "three noes" of the object and the "Five Guaranteed" model to the Government for social welfare costs， the whole society to set up social welfare， community-oriented there is a demand of all citizens and welfare institutions run by the new market-oriented model of social This process of state social welfare institutions by the reform of the originator， and then all the citizens of the community-oriented community service， followed by the gradual formation of a socialization of social welfare Overall， however， the field of social welfare reform and development is the gradual and slow， the new social welfare system has not yet 3 on the country's social welfare system， the idea of the objectives of the reform model According to this article on the meaning of the definition of social welfare， and learning to fully draw on the advantages of the above system， I initially formed for the welfare of our society the idea of the objectives of the reform It contains the following five aspects: 1 Privatization of government-run welfare institutions Under the existing system， government-run social welfare institutions to become a subsidiary body of government departments， lack of human， financial， and material aspects of operational autonomy， such as the institutions are overstaffed overstaffing， poor attitude， inefficient government-run welfare institutions， such as becoming a common problem To fundamentally change this situation， must take drastic approach， the majority of the forthcoming privatization of government-run welfare Of course， privatization does not mean As a non-profit institutions， the most critical issue is not ownership of the The ambiguity of ownership of all the common features of non-profit There are many methods of privatization， for example， can be entrusted with the operation of the ways to explore this area is carried out first of all， S Yet it must be noted that since the commission is a non-profit operation of welfare services， the Government should not close any further contract the cost of the operation， otherwise such costs will ultimately be passed on to the object of his head of welfare services， which government intervention in social welfare purpose is contrary to the Of course， the experience of Hong Kong， only a small part of the government is not the privatization of welfare agencies， because these institutions is provided by the administrative authority require mandatory policy or more These services are poor or non-governmental organizations do not want to do so， and therefore must be provided directly by the Government
变质的白云岩
