直接引用直接引用指逐字逐句，一字不差，一字不漏地引用。直接引用可以证明观点或文字的权威性，可以保留所引内容的原始文字，也可以强调所引内容的准确性。直接引用时，引文要尽可能简短，如果引文过长，即超过半页，要把引文放到附录部分，并在文中说明。直接引用是引用原话，必须用引号，并且除了标明作者和出版年以外，还要标明具体页码，与数字之间有空格，如下所示：Darwin used the metaphor of tree “to express the other form of interconnectedness — genealogical rather than ecological” (Gould， 1989， 14)如果在正文中提到你要引用的作者，而且是直接引用，则需紧随其姓氏后用括号标明出版年，然后在引用的引号后用括号标明具体页码，如下所示：Gould (1989) explains that Darwin used the metaphor of the tree of life “to explain the other form of interconnectedness — genealogical rather than ecological—and to illustrate both success and failure in the history of life” ( 14)直接引用注意事项1、双引号表示直接引语，单引号只用来标注引语中的引语，如下所示正确：Researchers claim that the “question of indefiniteness does not arise for non-referential noun phrase” (Thompson， 1981， 129)错误：Researchers claim that the ‘question of indefiniteness does not arise for non-referential noun phrase’ (Thompson， 1981， 129)2、引语不得使用斜体或粗体来表示。3、引文出处使用括号夹注的方法（一般不使用脚注或者尾注）。4、短于三行的一句或者短于一句的引语应该写入正文，并且用双引号标明。正文中，括号夹注放在句末标点以内，但不得放在引文的引号以内。规范：Her idea is further confirmed that “people think her odd and that nobody loves and admires her” (Fountain， 1988， 33)不规范：Her idea is further confirmed that “people think her odd and that nobody loves and admires ” (Fountain， 1988， 33) Her idea is further confirmed that “people think her odd and that nobody loves and admires her (Fountain， 1988， 33)”
1、当同时引用多个文献，按时间顺序在文内和文后列出文献。当文内引用采用姓名和年份的方式，则以时间顺序在文内列出多个文献，再以字母顺序在文后列出这些文献。当文内引用采用文献号，则以数字顺序在文内和文后列出文献。2、不同的期刊因其风格差异可能有不同的引用规则。例如，目标期刊采用APA格式，"et "只在文章有六个或六个以上作者时才在文内使用。因此，一定要仔细查看目标期刊的作者须知和已发表的论文。3、如果在文内引用会议摘要、会议论文集、个人通信或未发表的数据，应当以括号注明出版状态。4、文献可以各种方式置于文中，但是必须具体有意义。大体来说，根据想强调的内容，文献可在引用的内容或作者姓名之后出现。例如：1)Starfishfertilization is species specific (17)2)Peterson (17) reported that starfishfertilization is species 5、不要将文献放置在某项内容的中间或某项研究的概括信息之后。例如：In a current study (16)， proteins expressed by the Epstein-Barr virus have beenclassified into three general groups according to their kinetics and 应修改为：In a current study， proteins expressed bythe Epstein-Barr virus have been classified into three general groups accordingto their kinetics and synthesis requirements (16)6、文献并不一定要放置在句尾。为区分作者的研究和他人的研究，应将文献放在相应的研究成果后面，而不是整个研究后面。7、此外，一个句子中不同内容点的文献需要放在适当的位置，而不是将所有文献一同放在句尾。例如：Two methods of tailoring the adhesion properties of thermoset stamps exist:One approach is plasma-deposited fluorinated film and coating with aself-assembled monolayer (SAM) of fluoroalkyltrichlorosilane; the otherapproach is using C4F8 as a feed gas to deposit Teflon-like antisticking layerand form the SAM layer from the gas phase (3， 4)应修改为：Two methods oftailoring the adhesion properties ofthermoset stamps exist: One approach isplasma-deposited fluorinated film and coating with a self-assembled monolayer(SAM) of fluoroalkyltrichlorosilane(3); the other approach is using C4F8 as afeed gas to deposit Teflon-like antisticking layers and form the SAM layer fromthe gas phase (4)以上就是环球青藤小编关于论文参考文献的引用的相关内容分享，希望对大家有所帮助，想要了解更多相关内容，也欢迎关注本平台。
