Song of the Burial of Flowers 葬花吟 by Cao Xueqin [Qing Dynasty] （清）曹雪芹 Flowers fade and fall and fly about up in the sky， But who pities the loss of your fragrance when you die? 花谢花飞飞满天，红消香断有谁怜？ Like gossamer you float and land on pavilions， With your fallen petals clung soft to fine 游丝软系飘春榭，落絮轻沾扑绣帘。 In my boudoir I sigh over the close of spring， But there’s no way to express my sorrowful 闺中女儿惜春暮，愁绪满怀无释处。 Spade in hand， I go out from under my fine curtain， To and fro on fallen petals， how can I bear treading? 手把花锄出绣帘，忍踏落花来复去？ Willow twigs and elm buds send sweet scents as they may， Who cares when peach and plum petals are in decay? 柳丝榆荚自芳菲，不管桃飘与李飞。 Next year peach and plum trees will be in bloom again， But who will be the master of my boudoir then? 桃李明年能再发，明年闺中知有谁？ In March lunar swallows have got their nests ready， They on the beam seem to be those without 三月香巢已垒成，梁间燕子太无情。 Next year in their flight， fresh flowers they may peck， though， All that they and I have will be lost， they never 明年花发虽可啄，却不道人去梁空巢也倾。 There are three hundred and sixty days in one year， With you the elements of nature are 一年三百六十日，风刀霜剑严相逼。 Time is not long for you to be bright and charming， Your trace and track are hard to find in your 明媚鲜妍能几时？一朝飘泊难寻觅。 You are easy to see when open but hard when fallen， Before the stairs I am worried where to find your 花开易见落难寻，阶前闷杀葬花人。 Against the spade I lean and in secret weep sudden， Splashed on your bare branches are my tears like 独把花锄泪暗洒，洒上空枝见血痕。 The cuckoo ceases its warbling at twilight， With my spade I return and shut the doors 杜鹃无语正黄昏，荷锄归去掩重门。 I go to bed with a lone oil lamp still shining， My quilt is not warm when a cold rain is 青灯照壁人初睡，冷雨敲窗被未温。 I feel at heart it is a matter quite nerve-racking， For I like spring or I feel sad over its 怪奴底事倍伤神？半为怜春半恼春。 Spring I love and my sorrow repair at a fast pace， They come silent and go without leaving a 怜春忽至恼忽去，至又无言去不闻。 Last night beyond pavilions sad song seemed rising， Was it the souls of flowers or birds that were singing? 昨宵庭外悲歌发，知是花魂与鸟魂？ It is always hard to ask their souls to stay behind， That birds are silent and flowers feel ashamed， I 花魂鸟魂总难留，鸟自无言花自羞。 I wish to have two wings under my arms to fly， After you unto the farthest end of the 愿奴胁下生双翼，随花飞到天尽头。 At the farthest end of the sky， Where can I find the grave of your fragrance lie? 天尽头！何处有香丘？ Better in silk to shroud your petals fair， With a handful of clean earth as your 未若锦囊收艳骨，一抔净土掩风流。 For pure you have come and pure you repair， Lest you fall into some foul ditch or 质本洁来还洁去，强于污淖陷渠沟。 I hold a burial when you die today， But there’s no telling when I pass 尔今死去侬收葬，未卜侬身何日丧？ Others laugh at me that have buried thee， Who will be the one that shall bury me? 侬今葬花人笑痴，他年葬侬知是谁？ The end of spring makes flowers fall one by one， It’s also the time when beauty meets its 试看春残花渐落，便是红颜老死时。 Once beauty is carried to its very tomb， Both beauty and flowers perish known to 一朝春尽红颜老，花落人亡两不知！ 可以先从作者背景开始写起。。。。。 Cao Xueqin (? ~1764) was one of the most famous novelists and poets in the history of Chinese Born in an influential Manchurian bureaucratic family， he had high cultural accomplishments and outstanding competence for During the reign of the Qing Emperor Yongzheng， his father was involved in a political struggle within the ruling class， defeated， so his family suffered a heavy blow both politically and Thereafter， his family circumstances However， adversity brought talent in It was when he was plunged in such an embarrassing circumstance that he had the chance to contact himself with the underprivileged of the then society， thus giving him specific， intense experience， and enabling himself to see better of He spent as was recorded， at least ten years busying himself with the production of the novel The Dream of the Red Chamber， in which， through a detailed description of the rise and fall of an influential noble family of that time， he created a great number of typical characters， conducted in-depth analyses and criticisms of the then evil society and， at the same time， sang ebullient praises of both the male and female youths who were considered heretical in pursuit of The Dream of the Red Chamber is seen as a great realistic masterpiece among the Chinese classic But the novel reveals a kind of pessimism and sentimentalism past With the tone of Lin Daiyu， one of the heroines in The Dream of the Red Chamber， the author Cao Xueqin blended human feelings with nature in this novel as if in confirmation of man’s helplessness in the presence of the change of nature and the flight of As is known to all that have read it， Lin is a sentimentalist who， taking as part of her life the enjoyment of flowers and
英语作为国际通用语言在国际贸易中有着举足轻重的作用。各种国际往来商务函件都是由英语撰写的。随着经济全球化时代的到来，商务英语翻译在我国经济生活中的地位与作用越来越重要。而商务英语虽源于普通英语，并以普通英语为基础，但它又是商务知识与英语的综合，因而具有其独特性。所以即使在翻译领域，商务英语的翻译也要比普通英语复杂些，是翻译科学中的薄弱环节。涉外函电作为商务英语的一部分，是商贸活动的重要一环，因此，做好函电的翻译工作对正常的商务交往具有巨大的作用。本文首先从商务函电的篇章结构及措词造句等方面着手，分析其不同于一般英语文章的特点，紧接着由此展开对适用于商务函电英语翻译方法的探讨。最后，论文小结了现在商务英语翻译中存在的问题，并对从事商务翻译的工作者提出了一些要求。目前关于文学翻译的研究长篇累犊汗牛充栋，而商务语篇翻译则没有得到应有的重视，笔者希望本文能为在这方面的研究做出点启示和贡献。关键词：商务函件； 商务英语； 翻译科学； 商务交往； 函电翻译； 翻译方法 AbstractEnglish， as an international used language， has been playing a very important role in our international business All kinds of business correspondence are written in E With the economic globalization and China’s entry into WTO， translating of Business English is becoming more and more important in our economic The Business English comes from common used English， and is based on it; however， it possesses its own special characteristics as a result of long practice with a synthesis of business knowledge and English language Thus， in the very field of translation， translation for Business English is more complex than that for common English translation in a As a section of Business English， international business correspondence is an important one of business Namely， to translators， doing business correspondence translation well is very useful for business This thesis analyzes the features of business correspondence from its layout， vocabulary， syntax， and so And then， the author studies of the translation methods which are fit for business At last， the dissertation summarizes some problems existing in the present Business English translation and raises requirements for At present， there are lots of research works published about literature translation， but less research on Business English The author hopes that this thesis can do some inspiration and contribution to translation for Business Correspondence EKey words: business correspondence; business English; translating science; business communication; business correspondence translation; means of translationContentsIntroduction 11 Classification and Layout of Business Correspondence 1 Classification of Business Correspondence 2 Layout of a Business Letter 22 Features of Business Correspondence 1 Lexical Features of Business Correspondence 2 Syntactic Features of Business Correspondence 1 Sentences are Formal and Complete 2 Idiomatical Phrases 3 Politeness in Business Correspondence 6
