RECOGNIZING FALSE PROPHETSProve All Things1 Thessalonians 5:21: "Prove all things; hold fast that which is ''To recognize false prophets we must heed the above verse and "prove all " One does not arrive at being an overcomer until he first learns the all important lesson of testing or "proving" the issues of this In the hour that we live there are so many things that are false and We must be constantly on guard and "prove" or test things， lest we become ensnared by something that is Cults are Eastern idolatrous religions are creeping into our country in very subtle forms， and many Christians are being deceived and have accepted their practices without even being aware of their Some religious groups have existed for years under the guise of Christianity， and yet are far from the teachings of Jesus C The Lord warns us of these false teachers and tells us to beware of Looking at Matthew 7:15-23， we find Jesus gives us the guideline for determining false prophets:"Beware of false prophets， which come to you in sheep's clothing， but inwardly they are ravening Ye shall know them by their Do men gather grapes of thorns， or figs of thistles? Even so every good tree bringeth forth good fruit; but a corrupt tree bringeth forth evil A good tree cannot bring forth evil fruit， neither can a corrupt tree bring forth good Every tree that bringeth not forth good fruit is hewn down， and cast into the Wherefore by their fruits ye shall know Not every one that saith unto me， Lord， Lord， shall enter into the kingdom of heaven; but he that doeth the will of my Father which is in Many will say to me in that day， Lord， Lord， have we not prophesied in thy name? and in thy name have cast out devils? and in thy name done many wonderful works? And then will I profess unto them， I never knew you: depart from me， ye that work "God's Standard， The BibleCertainly， we are admonished to be on However， some go to such extremes as to become narrow-minded and closed to some beautiful truths in the name of being What should our role as Christians be in regard to acceptance of a new thought， idea or doctrine? We are told to prove all things， not to reject them because they might be strange or new to However， we should not receive them either， until we first prove How do we prove things? All true Christians are in agreement that our standard is the Word of God， the B God left us this Book as a reference， standard， or gauge so we could know whether something is good or evil， truth or error， right or (2 Timothy 3:16-17: "All scripture is given by inspiration of God， and is profitable for doctrine， for reproof， for correction， for instruction in righteousness: That the man of God may be perfect， thoroughly furnished unto all good '')One of our major faults as Christians is that we tend to quote men on certain subjects instead of referring to the Book God gave We recognize that God gave us men to lead us into the truths of God， but our problem becomes who are the true men of God and who are the false ones that Christ warned us about? Sometimes we tend to evaluate men according to the size of their ministries， their popularity with men， or their endowment of certain gifts， Check the FruitThe Lord said in verse 20 of Matthew 7 that we would know them by their What are these fruits? Galatians 5:22-24 defines them as being the fruit of the S "But the fruit of the Spirit is love， joy， peace， longsuffering， gentleness， goodness， faith， meekness， temperance: against such there is no And they that are Christ's have crucified the flesh with the affections and " We are told to look at their lives and see if these fruits are predominant in them and examine if they are living the crucified Of course， we must allow for imperfections that have not been overcome yet; but we should readily see the fruit of the Spirit in more abundance than the One way we can check this is to notice the words that a man The Scripture says in Matthew 12:33-35， "Either make the tree good， and his fruit good; or else make the tree corrupt， and his fruit corrupt: for the tree is known by his O generation of vipers， how can ye， being evil， speak good things? for out of the abundance of the heart the mouth A good man out of the good treasure of the heart bringeth forth good things: and an evil man out of the evil treasure bringeth forth evil ''Pride and Lustful LifestylesMany people have been led astray when they could have recognized the wrong spirit simply by the braggadocios and prideful words of men who exalted themselves instead of C Others would have been spared if they had examined the lifestyles of certain men who claim to be God's Their lifestyles are far from being temperate， reflecting the most expensive and extravagant clothes， diamonds， homes， cars， This is not referring to well-dressed men and women， nice homes， and quality things but the extremes which reveal anything but the nature of C Of course， neither is the other extreme of poverty the nature of C Men of God should live temperate， moderate lives， overcoming poverty and avoiding extreme Jesus always went about giving to the He never stored up His wealth even though He apparently handled a lot of money， thus the need for a treasurer， Judas (John 13:29) He gave away the things He could have used on Himself， yet He never lacked as He went about He should be our example The affection and lust for the things of this world do not portray the Spirit of CTrue Prophets Reflect JesusExamining the conversation of these leaders can quickly reveal the God they Do they speak of God's kingdom， His righteousness， and His love; or does their conversation center on the things of this world and life? Are they peacemakers， sowing mercy and love? Are they gentle and patient， or do they lose their temper easily? Do they walk in faith， or are they continually looking to other men for their needs to be supplied? Are they always pressuring people for money， or do they simply receive those gifts of money as unto the Lord? Do they have the joy of the Lord， or do they minister out of duty? Are they truly joyous with that joy spilling over to others， or do they continually complain and gripe over all the things that are not pleasing to them? Is goodness evident in their lives instead of evil? Do they put people in bondage by always threatening them with the wrath of God， or is freedom of choice extended with the warning of the penalties of sin? Jesus came to set us free， not to bring us under the bondage of Let us prove all leaders and see if their fruit is good Do they love and not hate， have joy instead of depression， and promote peace instead of strife? Are they longsuffering (patient) or impatient， gentle or harsh? Do they show love and tolerance for those that oppose them? Do they walk in faith， or doubt and unbelief? Are they meek， giving God the glory for their talents and gifts， or do they pridefully talk of all they are doing or their group is doing? Does temperance prevail not only in their lifestyle， but in their personal habits as well， or do extremes exist that do not glorify God? In essence they will not live for themselves， but for others as Jesus Do they reflect Jesus? They will live a crucified life that glorifies God! Proverbs 20:11 says， "Even a child is known by his doings， whether his work be pure， and whether it be ''Examining lives by this standard we must be careful not to go to extremes ourselves and expect total perfection of all There are many godly men and women who are called of God， who have overcome in many areas， although they still have some weak They are believing as they walk with the Lord that these too will be We are especially called to be patient and loving towards our brothers and sisters in the L
从功能对等的角度论英语习语翻译 法律语言特征和法律语言翻译 英汉模糊语言对比研究及其翻译 翻译中的语境因素分析 导游词翻译中的跨文化意识 涉外商函的特点及翻译习语是某一语言在使用过程中形成的独特的固定的表达方式。本文所要讨论的习语是广义的、包括成语、谚语、歇后语、典故等。英汉两种语言历史悠久，包含着大量的习语，它们或含蓄、幽默、或严肃、典雅，不仅言简意赅，而且形象生动，妙趣横和，给人一种美的享受。由于地理、历史、宗教信仰、生活习俗等方面的差异，英汉习语承载着不民的民族文化特色和文化信息，它们与文化传统紧密相连，不可分割。习语中的文化因素往往是翻译中的难点。本文试图借助语用学的理论，对英汉习语的翻译作一些探索。 美车哲学教授HPGrice在他的Meaning一书中把话语的意义分为自然意义（natural meaning）和非自然意义（non-natural meaning）两种。话语的非自然意义指人们意欲表达的意义，即在特定的场合下表达出交际者意图的语用隐含意义。这就是Grice的会话含意（conversational implicature）理论的基础。那么，由于英汉两种语言的文化背景的差异，同样字面意义、形象意义的话语文章可能具有完全不同的隐含意义。隐含意义才是说话人或作者所要表达的意义。根据我们的观察，英汉习语之间的多方面差异可归为两类：一是形象意义的差异，一是隐含意义（包括褒贬义）的差异，而它们都是字面以外的意义，是文化差异的具体反映。由此出发，本文提出了英汉习语文化意义翻译的具体原则和方法。 一、英汉习语中所反映的文化差异 朱光潜先生在《谈翻译》一文中说：“外国文学最难了解和翻译的第一是联想的意义……”，“它带有特殊的情感氛围，甚深广而微妙，在字典中无从找出，对文学却极要紧。如果我们不熟悉一国的人情风俗和文化历史背景，对于文字的这种意义就茫然，尤其是在翻译时这种字义最不易应付。”英国文化人类学家爱德华·泰勒在《原始文化》（1871）一书中，首次把文化作为一个概念提了出来，并表述为：“文化是一种复杂，它包括知识、信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其作社会上习得的能力与习惯。”可见文化的覆盖面很广，它是一个复要的系统。语言作为文化的一个组成部分，反映一个民族丰富多彩的方化现象。我们经过归纳总结认为，英汉习语所反是非曲直的文化差异主要表现在以下几个方面： 1、生存环境的差异 习语的产生与人们的劳动和生活密切相关。英国是一个岛国，历史上航海业曾一度领先世界；而汉民族在亚洲大陆生活繁衍，人们的生活离不开土地。比喻花钱浪费，大手大脚，英语是spend money like water，而汉语是“挥金如土”。英语中有许多关于船和水的习语，在汉语中没有完全相同的对应习语，如to rest on one’s oars（暂时歇一歇），to keep one’s head above water（奋力图存），all at sea（不知所措）等等。 在汉语的文化氛围中，“东风”即是“春天的风”，夏天常与酷署炎热联系在一起，“赤日炎炎似火烧”、“骄阳似火”是常被用来描述夏天的词语。而英国地处西半球，北温带，海洋性气候，报告春天消息的却是西风，英国著名诗人雪莱的《西风颂》正是对春的讴歌。英国的夏季正是温馨宜人的季节，常与 “可爱”、“温和”、“美好”相连。莎士比亚在他的一首十四行诗中把爱人比作夏天，Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?/Thou art more lovely and more temperate。 2、习俗差异 英汉习俗差异是多方面的，最典型的莫过于在对狗这种动物的态度上。狗在汉语中是一种卑微的动物。汉语中与狗有关的习语大都含有贬意：“狐朋狗党”、“狗急跳墙”、“狼心狗肺”、“狗腿子”等，尽管近些年来养庞物狗的人数大大增加，狗的“地位”似乎有所改变，但狗的贬义形象却深深地留在汉语言文化中。而在西方英语国家，狗被认为是人类最忠诚的朋友。英语中有关狗的习语除了一部分因受其他语言的影响而含有贬义外，大部分都没有贬义。在英语习语中，常以狗的形象来比喻人的行为。如You are a lucky dog（你是一个幸运儿），Every dog has his day（凡人皆有得意日），Old dog will mot learn mew tricks（老人学不了新东西）等等。形容人“病得厉害”用sick as a dog，“累极了”是dog-tired。与此相反，中国人十分喜爱猫，用“馋猫”比喻人贪嘴，常有亲呢的成份，而在西方文化中，“猫”被用来比喻“包藏祸心的女人”。 3、宗教信仰方面 与宗教信仰有关的习语也大量地出在在英汉语言中。佛教传入中国已有一千多年的历史，人们相信有“佛主”在左右着人世间的一切，与此有关的习语很多，如“借花献佛”、“闲时不烧香，临时抱佛脚”等。在西方许多国家，特别是在英美，人们信奉基督教，相关的习语如Good helps those who help themselves（上帝帮助自助的人），也有Go to hell（下地狱去）这样的诅咒。 4、历史典故 英汉两种语言中还有大量由历史典故形成的习语，这些习语结构简单，意义深远，往往是不能单从字面意义去理解和翻译的。如“东施效颦”、“名落孙山”、“叶公好龙”等等。英语典故习语多来自《圣经》和希腊罗马神话，如Achilles’heel（唯一致命弱点）、meet one’s waterloo（一败涂地）、Penelope’s web（永远完不成的工作）、a Pandora’s box（潘多拉之盒枣灾难、麻烦、祸害的根源）等。 二、英汉习语翻译的具体原则和方法 关于翻译标准，中外翻译理论家们提出了不同的主张。从严复的“信、达、雅”，傅雷的“重神似不重形似”，到张培基先生提出的“忠实通顺”；从瞿秋白的“等同概念”，到美国著名的翻译理论家Eugene A·Nidar的“功能对等（functional equivalence）”或“动态对等（dynamic equivalence）”，我们可以看出，这些主张是相互影响、互为补充、不断完善的，虽然侧重点有所不同，但中心要结晶都是译文要忠实准确地表达原文的意义，保持原作的风格，忠实反是非曲直原作的面貌。所谓忠实表达原文的意义，应指忠实表达原文的字面意义、形象意义和隐含意义三个方面。但是，并不是原文的每句话、每个习语、词汇都同时具备三种意义，有的可能只有字面意义，没有形象意义；有的可能兼有字面意义和形象意义，但没有隐含意义。尤其是，任何两处语言文化都不可能完相同。
