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智能制造英语论文

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智能制造:Intelligent manufacturingintelligence manufacturing

智能制造英语论文

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15640107386

太简单了!看着:Promote the development of the productive forces is the most contemporary computer positive factors, it has gone down to almost all areas of human life and production, raises economic structure, social structure and people's Promote the development of the productive forces is the most contemporary computer positive factors, it has gone down to almost all areas of human life and production, raises economic structure, social structure and people's lifestyles In a short span of 40 years, more than 4,000 of its application on all industries, more than 5,000 multiple uses, but also the continued development of new These applications can be grouped into the following categories : one, terms this is the earliest computer In modern scientific research and engineering, there are various complex mathematical problems, if the manual calculation, not only time-consuming effort, but difficult to provide timely and accurate High-speed computers and large-capacity, and other features to address these huge, complex calculations provided In weather forecasting, astronomy research, irrigation design, structural analysis of atomic, biological molecular structure analysis, satellite orbit calculations, the research and development of many spacecraft, show that the computer unique Second, information management According to statistics, 80% of the current total global installed for information management, although the application of formula in this regard is not complicated, but a great volume of Such as finance, accounting, management, administration, education, research, medical, personnel, records, materials, and other aspects of a substantial need for timely analysis and processing of information in order to provide a basis for decision- In today's era of information explosion, it is difficult to perform this task has been artificial, the computer has become an important tool for information In information management, we are experiencing the electronic data-processing services from a single to a database-based management information system, and to databases, and methods for the model-based decision support system development Third, the process of using computers to control a dynamic process control, command and coordination, not only can reduce the intensity of the work, improve work efficiency, and to improve control of the accuracy, quality For example, in car manufacturing, have computer-controlled assembly, transmission, production lines, technicians need to be good procedures into the computer processing task, the production can in no case In addition, computer control of chemical in the production, traffic, satellite and missile launch many plays an irreplaceable 4, ancillary computer system can support a better accomplish various tasks, such as : computer-aided design (CAD) is the use of computers to help design personnel circuit design, architectural design, mechanical design, aircraft design, design work, raising the speed and quality of Computer-aided manufacture (CAM) is the use of computers to carry out the management and operation of production equipment to improve product quality and production Computer-assisted test (Cat) is the use of computer help product testing, test automation to achieve and improve testing Computer-aided instruction (CAI) is the use of computers as teaching media and tools to help teachers improve the quality and efficiency of teaching It is a teaching methods, education ideas and the education system 5, artificial intelligence artificial intelligence (AI) is a vast new computer applications Scientists are studying how to make a computer simulation the human brain to carry out understanding, learning, analysis, reasoning, and other senior thinking activities for the computer with more human intelligence, to identify the environment and adapt to the environment, automatic acquisition of knowledge, problem-solving, in order to use computers in certain areas of mental work Computer applications not only improve the efficiency and quality of work, but it is being addressed in the past that are beyond the capability of the Currently, a computer multimedia technology for the development of various information media control center, audio-visual equipment associated with voice and Mau-way dissemination of information, computer applications to be extended to the family closer to the people learning and entertainment The development of the computer network technology perfect combination of computers and communications, particularly Internet网, has spread to dozens of countries in the global network of tens of thousands, millions of computers linked together and communicate to the people of the world, the global sharing of information resources made inestimable 搞定!~
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myhuochai88

关于人工智能的定义众说不一。美国 斯坦福大学人工智能研究中心尼尔逊教授 下过这样一个定义:“人工智能是关于知识 的学科——怎样表示知识以及怎样获得知 识并使用知识的科学 。” 而麻省理工学院 的温斯顿教授认为:“人工智能就是研究如 何使计算机去做过去只有人才能做的智能 工作。”人们普遍认为人工智能(Artificial Intelligence),英文缩写为 AI,也称机器智 能。它是研究、开发用于模拟、延伸和扩展人的智能的理论、方法、技术及应用系 统的一门新的技术科学。它是从计算机应 用系统的角度出发 , 研究如何制造出人造 的智能机器或智能系统 , 来模拟人类智能 活动的能力, 以延伸人们智能的科学。 人工智能就其本质而言 , 是对人的思 维的信息过程的模拟。人工智能不是人的 智能 , 更不会超过人的智能。 对于人的思 维模拟可以从两条道路进行, 一是结构模 拟 , 仿照人脑的结构机制 , 制造出 “类人 脑”的机器;二是功能模拟,暂时撇开人脑 的内部结构, 而从其功能过程进行模拟。 人工智能可以分为强人工智能和弱人 工智能。强人工智能观点认为有可能制造 出真正能推理 (Reasoning) 和解决问题 (Problem solving)的智能机器,并且,这样的 机器能将被认为是有知觉的, 有自我意识 的。弱人工智能观点认为不可能制造出能 真正地推理和解决问题的智能机器 , 这些 机器只不过看起来像是智能的 , 但并不真 正拥有智能 , 也不会有自主意识。 人工智 能的研究经历了以下几个阶段: 第一阶段:20 世纪 50 年代人工智能的兴 起和冷落。人工智能概念首次提出后,出现了 一批显著的成果,如机器定理证明、跳棋程序、 LISP 表处理语言等。但由于解法推理能力有 限,以及机器翻译失败等,使人工智能走入低 谷。这一阶段的特点是:重视问题求解的方 法,忽视知识重要性。第二阶段:20 世纪 60 年代末到 70 年代,专 家系统出现使人工智能研究出现新高潮。 DENDRAL 化学质谱分析系统、MYCIN 疾病诊断和治疗系统、PROSPECTIOR 探矿系统、Hearsay-II 语音理解系统等专家系统的研究 和开发,将人工智能引向了实用化。1969 年成立了国际人工智能联合会议(IJCAI)。 第三阶段:20 世纪 80 年代,随着第五代计 算机的研制,人工智能得到了很大发展。日本1982 年开始了“第五代计算机研制计划”,即“知识信息处理计算机系统KIPS”,其目的是使 逻辑推理达到数值运算那么快。虽然此计划最终失败,但它的开展形成了一股研究人工智能的热潮。 第四阶段:20 世纪 80 年代末,神经网络飞 速发展。1987 年,美国召开第一次神经网络 国际会议,宣告了这一新学科的诞生。此后, 各国在神经网络方面的投资逐渐增加,神经网 络迅速发展起来。 第五阶段:20 世纪 90 年代,人工智能出现 新的研究高潮。由于网络技术特别是国际互 连网的技术发展,人工智能开始由单个智能主体研究转向基于网络环境下的分布式人工智能研究。不仅研究基于同一目标的分布式问 题求解,而且研究多个智能主体的多目标问题求解,将人工智能面向实用。人工智能研究范畴有自然语言处理 , 知识表现,智能搜索,推理,知识获取,组合调度问题,感知问题,模式识别,逻辑程序设计,软计算,不精确和不确定的管理,人 工生命,神经网络,复杂系统等。目前,人工智能是与具体领域相结合进行研究的,有如下领域:(1)专家系统。依靠人 类已有的知识建立起来的知识系统,目前专家系统是人工智能研究中开展较早、最活跃、成效最多的领域。(2)机器学习。主要在三 个方面进行:一是研究人类学习的机理、人 脑思维的过程;二是机器学习的方法;三是建立针对具体任务的学习系统。(3)模式识别。研究如何使机器具有感知能力,主要研究视觉 模式和听觉模式的识别。(4)理解自然语言。计算机如能“听懂”人的语言,便可以直接用口语操作计算机,这将给人们带极大的便 利。(5)机器人学。机器人是一种能模拟人的行为的机械,对它的研究经历了三代发展过程:第一代(程序控制)机器人:这种机器人只能刻板地按程序完成工作,环境稍有变化就会出问题,甚至发生危险。第二代(自适应)机器人:这种机器人配备有相应的感觉传感器, 能取得作业环境、操作对象等简单的信息,并由机器人体内的计算机进行分析处理,控制机器人的动作。第三代(智能)机器人:智能机 器人具有类似人的智能,它装备了高灵敏度传感器,因而具有超过人的视觉、听觉、 、嗅觉、触觉的能力,能对感知的信息进行分析,控制自 己的行为,处理环境发生的变化,完成各种复杂的任务。而且有自我学习、归纳、总结、提高已掌握知识的能力。(6)智能决策支持系统。20 世纪 80 年代以来专家系统在许多方面取得 成功,将人工智能中特别是智能和知识处理技术应用于决策支持系统,扩大了决策支持系统 的应用范围,提高了系统解决问题的能力,这就成为智能决策支持系统。(7)人工神经网络。在研究人脑的奥秘中得到启发,试图用大量的 处理单元模仿人脑神经系统工程结构和工作机理。
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