Abstract： Atmospheric temperature contour is essential parameter to describe the state of atmospheric Detection of atmospheric temperature distribution and global change， for numerical weather prediction and climate change and climate security work， is Temperature contour of the inverse problem that has a value measurement del radiometers atmospheric temperature From the satellite observation for multi-channel brightness temperature inversion of atmospheric temperature contour， it is necessary to develop accurate and fast inversion Compared with the physical inversion method， the inversion is simple， and in the process of inversion about complex physical This paper summarizes the principle and method of the satellite remote sensing atmosphere temperature， and the definition and algorithm of the neural network have been introduced 顺便说句：其他的我不说一楼翻得好不好，至少没有人把论文翻成 text 。
给得分有点少~Vehicle emission reduction 2007 5 13 The current climate warming has become a global issue， each country is beginning to take concrete measures， yesterday， President Bush announced that it will develop a new energy-saving vehicle standards， reduce energy consumption and vehicle exhaust Bush said that he has instructed the Department of Energy the same day， the Ministry of Agriculture and the Environmental Protection Agency to cooperate in the development of new energy-saving standards US vehicle to larger displacement， high fuel consumption of the year， According to the current United States government has established automotive energy conservation standards， energy consumption to achieve cars per gallon on 5 miles， or 100 km fuel consumption must 54 liters According to the White House plan， the new standards will be 2008 before Cooperation with China The well-known American embracing organizations， "the Natural Resources Defense Council，" president Francis? M Beinecke It is understood that the Beinecke agencies recently to help China develop energy-saving and clean energy as next decade one of the six key tasks will be to raise additional funds for cooperation She led the Commission for the Conservation of Natural Resources dozen members of the Governing Council's visit to China is concerned about environmental protection in order to allow these entrepreneurs， philanthropists see for themselves the achievements China and the challenges facing， the more secure their Natural Resources Defense Council in the past few years China has actively carried out a number of clean energy cooperation projects， including building energy saving， energy-saving lighting， DSM， has been made to reduce carbon dioxide emissions The organization's China Project Director Barbara? Wen Lai， introduced fees that they have helped develop China's Chongqing Municipality a civil buildings energy-efficient standards， the standards later become the designated two regional civil buildings energy consumption standards and a national standard Natural Resources Protection Committee of the Chinese experts have recently released a commercial building lighting energy consumption standards provide technical This alone lighting energy consumption standards in the whole of China each year can be implemented to reduce 6 million tons of carbon dioxide Coordinated by the Commission for the Conservation of natural resources management Normal Sino-US cooperation green building projects in 2005 completed and became China's first international Green Building gold certified public buildings， leading the Chinese green building According to the actual appraisal， the building can be saved every year power 900，000 kwh， water-saving 1 million tons， reducing CO2 emissions 1，700 Fees Wen-li President also said: "We are also in Jiangsu Province Economic and Trade Commission， and promote cooperation electricity demand This is a low-input， energy-saving effect of a good strategy， Jiangsu Province last year， leading the country， setting up the equivalent of 25 million US dollars in special fund to provide financial assistance to promote the use of energy-saving Just one year this DSM measures have reduced the equivalent of 150，000 killowatt installed power capacity Natural Resources Defense Council have been or are working with a number of China's central and provincial government and research institutions， such as the Ministry of Construction， Ministry of Science and Technology， the State Development and Reform Commission， Environmental Protection Agency， National Academy of Sciences， Tsinghua University， Jiangsu sound， a number of departments of S Underground storage of carbon dioxide technology issues In October 2007 17 The United States Environmental Protection Agency said last week that regulatory standards will be set up thermal power plants and other industrial facilities carbon dioxide emissions from underground storage The underground carbon dioxide storage is a new technology at present there is no commercial operation， but it is slow down global warming， and prevent the disaster caused by climate change one of the important According to a Reuters report， the United States Environmental Protection Agency， in its statement that it will launch next summer when the corresponding laws and regulations "to ensure" safe water "from the establishment of the framework of a constant and effective system of licensing standards for commercial-scale geological carbon sinks projects established " The burning of coal and fossil fuel power plant emissions of carbon dioxide can be captured and buried The United States one-third of the carbon dioxide emissions from power plants and other industrial According to the United States Department of Energy study， the United States and Canada have sufficient storage capacity power plant emissions of carbon dioxide gas in the deep crust storage 900 years， but the cost is Last week， the Department of Energy announced that three large-scale carbon sink project Total cost of these projects is about 318 million US dollars， the Department of Energy plans within a decade for these projects invested 197 million US The Department of Energy said the project will try to 1 million tons or even large-scale carbon dioxide gas stored in the deeper parts of the crust
科技论文范文 关联理论视角下的气象科技论文英译 摘 要：关联理论为分析气象科技论文句子的特点及其翻译策略提供了支撑。借助这一理论，本文对气象科技论文英译进行探讨，旨在为气象科技论文的翻译提供借鉴，提高翻译质量，期待在一定程度上帮助中国的气象科技“走出去”。 关键词：气象科技 关联理论 最佳关联 语境效果 一、引言 近年来，气候灾害事件的频繁发生，需要世界各国及时了解和共享最新的气象信息，携手应对气象灾害。然而在科技翻译研究中，国内外学者多从功能理论、目的论等角度研究，很少运用关联理论探讨气象科技论文翻译。赵彦春曾指出：“关联理论不是翻译理论，但可以有效地解释翻译活动，指导翻译活动，奠定翻译本体论和方法论的基础”(赵彦春，1999：276)。 二、让中国气象科技“走出去” 在引进西方先进的气象科技时，我们也要让中国的气象科技“走出去”。气象科技论文作为学术研究与信息传播的载体，在科技合作交流中发挥着重要作用，因此对气象论文英译的需求日益突出。 气象科技论文是科技文献的一种，用以“陈述地球大气圈、气象科技领域所发生或出现的事情，描述其特点、规律、过程等，能有效记录大气科学和气象科技界的动态”(寿邵文，姚永红，2008：178)，具有专业性、客观性、科学性和准确性等特点。本文的研究案例――《边界层参数化方案对边界层热力和动力结构特征影响的比较》是典型的气象科技论文，具有代表性。 在汉语中，由动词构成的动核结构是句子在语义平面上的结构。一个动核结构体现着一个事件或一个命题。因为气象科技汉语描述的主体是从事研究、分析和观测的研究者或设备，而客体往往是客观的事物、自然现象、观测的过程或实验结果，所以在客观描述气象研究内容时，气象科技汉语注重功能和意义，多用主动句，大量使用含动核结构的简单句或分句描述逻辑事理。 三、关联理论与翻译 在Relevance：Communication and Cognition(1986/1995)中，Dan Sperber和Deirdre Wilson提出了有关交际与认知的关联理论，在中西认知语用学领域都产生了较大影响。他们认为，“交际是一个涉及信息意图和交际意图的明示――推理过程”(Sperber and Wilson，2001：50)。1999年，Ernst-August Gutt率先将关联理论运用于翻译研究中。Gutt在Translation and Relevance： Cognition and Context提出，“翻译是一种言语交际行为，是与大脑机制密切联系的推理过程”(Gutt，2004：107)。为了实现原语作者与译语读者之间的最佳交际，译者在处理作者要传递的信息意图时，要作出最佳语境假设，以寻求信息的关联，然后再根据关联度进行推理，取得最大语境效果，使作者的信息意图与读者的心理期待达到最佳关联。气象科技论文属于信息文本，以传播气象科技信息为主。本质上讲，气象科技翻译可视为作者与读者之间的交际活动，译者不仅要将原语作者的信息意图推理出来，还要将此信息意图展现给译语读者。 四、关联理论指导下的气象英译 气象科技论文英译的主要目的是全面而准确地传达原文中所包含的信息。在关联理论指导下，为了满足读者的心理期待，译者要准确分析原语逻辑关系，合理调整语序和划分意群，灵活采用顺译法、倒译法、合译法及转译法等翻译策略。下面从关联理论角度，列举几个典型案例来研究气象科技论文中句子的英译。 (一)顺译法 气象科技汉语中的句子较为简单，句子间逻辑关系比较独立。作者与读者的认知语境虽有差别，但也存在共性。依据关联理论，为了再现原语语境，可以采用顺译法，即按照汉语原句的语序进行翻译。句与句之间的简单对应必然不会对读者的推理过程产生阻碍。但有一点不同，为了准确描述客观规律，英语句子偏长，结构复杂，常常采用各种从句。 案例1：原文：YSU边界层参数化方案是MRF方案的改进版本，次网格尺度扰动通量(w′c′)与平均量(C：u，v，θ，q)的关系为 (二)倒译法 关联理论认为，翻译不能单纯地根据字面意思进行翻译，而是要准确推测原文的深层次语义，把握原文所要传递的信息意图及最佳关联。在描述一些气象定义或实验过程时，气象科技汉语通常先叙述方法后呈现结果，而英语则先结果后方法。所以，为了准确传递作者的信息意图，给读者提供最大的语境效果，常采用倒译法，根据译文读者的语境表达习惯，将内容忠实、规范地表达出来。 案例2：原文：本文采用①高分辨率中尺度WRF模式，通过改变边界层参数化方案进行多组试验②，评估③该模式对美国北部森林地区边界层结构的模拟能力，同时比较④五种不同边界层参数化方案模拟得出的边界层热力和动力结构。 译文：To assess③ the performance of simulating structural characteristics of boundary layers at the forest areas in the northern Unites States and compare④ the thermal and dynamic structures of boundary layers simulated by the five different boundary layer parameterizations， a high resolution mesoscale WRF model was employed① in this paper to carry out② multiple experiments with different boundary layer parameterization 分析：原文描述的是一个气象实验过程，采用动核结构，分句较多，如果顺着翻译，译文将生硬难懂。根据关联理论，可以采用倒译法。将“结果”译成“目的”并置前，将中文动核结构译成非谓语动词结构，即“to and compare”、“to carry out”，把主动汉语分句整合为含有一个主谓结构的被动英语长句，描述“方法”。这样句子结构严谨，符合英语表达习惯，实现了原文与译文的最佳关联，准确清晰地将作者的信息意图传递给读者。 (三)合译法及转译法 在关联理论框架下，翻译不仅要把握原语语义，还要考虑译入语的逻辑表达习惯，实现话语语境的最佳关联。比如，气象科技文献在解释研究原理时，往往采用表示逻辑连词“因为……所以”、“于是”等。但英语中，有些动词(如cause)或动词短语(如result in，lead to)本身已含因果关系。此外，汉语习惯采用不同词语(多为形容词)表达同一个意思，若逐一翻译，则显得重复��嗦。在描述气象现象时，论文大量使用动核结构，含有多个主谓结构，这跟英语的形合句型完全相反。这时，为了更清晰地表达原文逻辑，实现更大的交际效果，通常采用合译法和转移法，将重复的表达简单化，并灵活转换词性，多使用名词化结构。 案例3：原文：这主要是因为③太阳辐射不断增强①，地表热量也不断增加②，于是③由浮力产生的湍流动能不断增加④，边界层内强的湍流混合能发展到更高的高度⑤。 译文：This is mainly because the increased solar① radiation and surface heat flux result in② the continual increase③ of the turbulent kinetic energy generated by buoyancy and strong turbulent mixing energy in the boundary 分析：原文中①、②、③、④和⑤表达的是同一个意思。依据关联理论，采用合译法和转译法，将①”和②合并“the increased”，动词转换为形容词，使信息明确。③中的连词翻译为动词词组“result in”，准确地体现了逻辑关系。同时④和⑤合译为“the continual increase of”的名词结构。这两种译法的巧妙结合实现了最佳关联，为读者提供了最大语境效果。 四、结语 和传统的翻译理论相比，关联理论框架下的翻译观突破语义层面，更侧重翻译活动的认知与交际属性，将作者的信息意图与读者的心理期待联系起来，以实现最佳关联为目的。这对以传递信息为目的的气象科技论文翻译具有较强的解释力。依据关联理论，为了准确传递气象科技论文的信息意图，译者应以最佳关联原则为翻译准则，使译语读者在推理过程中付出最小的信息处理努力，实现理想的交际效果。 参考文献 [1] 黄文妍，范新勇，等人边界层参数化方案对边界层热力和动力结构特征影响的比较[J]北京：地球物理学报，2014(5)：1400- [2] Gutt，EA Translation and Relevance： Cognition and Context [M]Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press， 2004：107- [3] Sperber，D& Wilson， D Relevance： Communication and Cognition[M]Second Edition Beijing： Foreign Language Teaching and Research P 2001： [4] 寿邵文，姚永红气象科技英语教程[M]北京：气象出版社，2008： [5] 赵彦春关联理论对翻译的解释力 [J]广州：现代外语，1999(85)： 看了“气象科技论文怎么写_怎么写气象科技论文”的人还看： 气象科技论文800字 气象科技论文范文 气象科技服务论文范例 气象科技论文 气象科技论文2500字 a("conten"); 共2页: 上一页 1 2 下一页
